Article
Behavioral Sciences
Wen-Jun Gao, Nancy R. Mack
Summary: PSD-95 knockout mice exhibit hyposociability during adolescence but hypersociability in adulthood, with the adolescent deficiency accompanied by NMDAR hyperfunction in the mPFC and delayed mPFC maturation until adulthood.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francisco de Borja Belloch, Maria Cortes-Erice, Etienne Herzog, Xiao Min Zhang, Teresa Diaz-Perdigon, Elena Puerta, Rosa M. Tordera
Summary: This study investigates the antidepressant action of ketamine and the molecular mechanisms of treatment resistance using a mouse model. The results suggest that VGLUT1 levels modulate the action of ketamine and highlight a possible mechanism for antidepressant resistance.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giorgia Targa, Francesca Mottarlini, Beatrice Rizzi, Damiana Leo, Lucia Caffino, Fabio Fumagalli
Summary: Dopamine overactivity reduces the translation and localization of cortical AMPA receptors through altered vesicular sorting. The decreased expression of anchoring proteins and structural markers indicates synaptic instability. Hyperdopaminergia significantly alters the homeostatic plasticity of AMPA receptors, leading to a destabilized and depotentiated AMPA-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.
Article
Cell Biology
Christian M. Wood, Laith Alexander, Johan Alsio, Andrea M. Santangelo, Lauren McIver, Gemma J. Cockcroft, Angela C. Roberts
Summary: Poor outcomes are common in anxiety and depression, thus understanding the neural circuits underlying symptoms and treatment responses is important. By using a chemogenetics strategy involving designer receptors and drugs, the scACC-25 neural circuits related to anhedonia and anxiety in marmosets were identified. Targeting these circuits with the fast-acting antidepressant ketamine may lead to new treatment strategies.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Donovan M. Ashby, Alexander McGirr
Summary: Acute stress induces widespread cortical functional connectivity and network efficiency increases, which normalize after 24 hours; chronic stress leads to between-module functional connectivity and network efficiency increases in the 0.3-4 Hz band, and this can be reversed by treatment with the antidepressant ketamine; functional connectivity changes induced by acute stress in the 4-15 Hz band are strongly related to those in the slow band and selective effects of subanesthetic ketamine.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Sidney Yap, Jessica Luki, Christopher C. Hanstock, Peter Seres, Tami Shandro, Sarah E. C. Hanstock, Alynna Lirette, Huaying (Helen) Zhao, Katherine J. Aitchison, Jean-Michel Le Melledo
Summary: The study found that perimenopause is associated with decreases in MPFC Glu levels, which may contribute to the increased risk of experiencing depression during this period. Further research should focus on assessing MPFC Glu levels in perimenopausal women suffering from MD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Anagh Sinha Ravi, Menglong Zeng, Xudong Chen, Gerardo Sandoval, Javier Diaz-Alonso, Mingjie Zhang, Roger A. Nicoll
Summary: Recent research suggests that the TARP/PSD-95 complex is an essential interaction underlying AMPAR trafficking and LTP. The interaction between PSD-95 and AMPAR auxiliary subunits TARPs can capture AMPARs and enhance synaptic transmission and LTP.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dmitry Frank, Benjamin F. Gruenbaum, Alexander Zlotnik, Michael Semyonov, Amit Frenkel, Matthew Boyko
Summary: Post-stroke depression is a common disorder that can have severe negative consequences and even increase mortality. Despite awareness of its adverse impacts, understanding the exact mechanisms of its occurrence remains challenging. Current treatment options have limited effectiveness, highlighting the need for further research into new approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lei Jin, Xiu Mei Bo
Summary: Sevoflurane preconditioning provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting NMDAR over-activation, reducing neuronal loss in rat hippocampal CA1 subfields.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wen-Jing Ren, Ya-Fei Zhao, Jie Li, Patrizia Rubini, Zeng-Qiang Yuan, Yong Tang, Peter Illes
Summary: This study found that in a mouse model of major depressive disorder, depression-like behavior can be aggravated by microinjecting the P2X7R agonist ATP or its analog dibenzoyl-ATP into the medial prefrontal cortex, and this effect can be reversed by the P2X7R antagonist JNJ-47965567.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julian Klingbeil, Max-Lennart Brandt, Max Wawrzyniak, Anika Stockert, Hans R. Schneider, Petra Baum, Karl-Titus Hoffmann, Dorothee Saur
Summary: Lesions in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex increase the risk of depressive symptoms 6 months poststroke. Lesions within the right hemisphere are unrelated to depressive symptoms.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julian Klingbeil, Max-Lennart Brandt, Max Wawrzyniak, Anika Stockert, Hans R. Schneider, Petra Baum, Karl-Titus Hoffmann, Dorothee Saur
Summary: Lesions in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex increase the risk of depressive symptoms 6 months poststroke, while lesions within the right hemisphere are unrelated to depressive symptoms. Early prediction factors for poststroke depression include depressive symptoms within the first 4 weeks poststroke.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming Tatt Lee, Wei-Hao Peng, Hung-Wei Kan, Cheng-Chun Wu, Deng-Wu Wang, Yu-Cheng Ho
Summary: This article reviews the recent literature on the role of AMPA-glutamatergic neurotransmission in stress-induced maladaptive responses in emotional and mood-associated brain regions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hikaru Koizumi, Taichi Hiraga, Leandro K. Oharomari, Toshiaki Hata, Takeru Shima, Jang Soo Yook, Masahiro Okamoto, Akihiro Mouri, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Hideaki Soya
Summary: Schizophrenia may be attributed to perinatal neurodevelopmental deficits and influenced by environmental factors. Hypofrontality and dysfunction in glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons are known factors, while early enriched environment and low-intensity exercise training during adolescence may help prevent and ameliorate the disease.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. M. McEwen, D. T. A. Burgess, S. E. C. Hanstock, C. C. Hanstock, P. Seres, P. Khalili, S. C. Newman, G. B. Baker, N. D. Mitchell, P. S. Allen, J-M Le Melledo
Summary: This study utilized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure glutamate levels in the brains of pregnant and non-pregnant healthy women, finding lower glutamate levels and a decrease in grey matter percentage in the pregnant group. Adjustment for grey matter percentage eliminated the statistical significance, suggesting that the changes in grey matter may be responsible for cognitive difficulties reported by pregnant women.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed Eltokhi, Andrea Santuy, Angel Merchan-Perez, Rolf Sprengel
Summary: The correlation between dysfunction in the glutamatergic system and neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, is discussed in this review. The alterations in synaptic plasticity and ultrastructural changes in synapses in these disorders are highlighted, with a brief mention of the potential reversibility of these conditions based on regular synaptic physiology findings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew J. Broadhead, Calum Bonthron, Julia Waddington, William Smith, Maite F. Lopez, Sarah Burley, Jessica Valli, Fei Zhu, Noboru H. Komiyama, Colin Smith, Seth G. N. Grant, Gareth B. Miles
Summary: Tripartite synaptopathy is a key hallmark of ALS, as revealed by extensive microscopy-based investigations in ALS model mice and post-mortem human tissue. This study demonstrates widespread synaptic changes and selective loss of tripartite synapses in ALS.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Kasyoka Kilonzo, Daniel Strahnen, Vivien Prex, John Gems, Bastiaan van der Veen, Sampath K. T. Kapanaiah, Bhargavi K. B. Murthy, Stefanie Schulz, Rolf Sprengel, David Bannerman, Dennis Kaetzel
Summary: This study suggests that reduced hippocampal GluA1 expression may be a central cause of several short-term memory deficits in schizophrenia patients. However, ablation of GluA1 in CA3 seems to improve impulse control and sustained attention, indicating that strategies to enhance AMPAR signaling may require a delicate balance in treating the broad spectrum of symptoms in schizophrenia.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jessica Griffiths, Seth G. N. Grant
Summary: Synapse loss and damage are key factors in the development of Alzheimer's disease, and this article reviews the literature on synapse pathology in AD, from its impact on synapse architecture to the role of A beta, tau, and glial cells. It also discusses the potential of new mapping methods to understand the molecular properties of vulnerable and resilient synapses and the importance of this knowledge for therapeutic approaches and clinical imaging.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Edita Bulovaite, Zhen Qiu, Maximilian Kratschke, Adrianna Zgraj, David G. Fricker, Eleanor J. Tuck, Ragini Gokhale, Babis Koniaris, Shekib A. Jami, Paula Merino-Serrais, Elodie Husi, Lorena Mendive-Tapia, Marc Vendrell, Thomas J. O'Dell, Javier DeFelipe, Noboru H. Komiyama, Anthony Holtmaat, Erik Fransen, Seth G. N. Grant
Summary: This study quantified the lifetime of endogenous PSD95 in synapses and generated the Protein Lifetime Synaptome Atlas. It found that protein lifetime in synapses varies with age, brain regions, and memory duration, and that it increases in mouse models of autism and schizophrenia.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Joseph M. Austen, Rolf Sprengel, David J. Sanderson
Summary: Conditioned responding is sensitive to reinforcement rate, which is impaired in genetically modified mice lacking the GluA1 subunit of the AMPA receptor, possibly due to reduced sensitivity to negative prediction error and impaired inhibitory learning. GluA1 knockout mice performed similarly to controls in inhibitory learning tests, but showed impaired precision in the timing of conditioned responding.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fabio de Moliner, Zuzanna Konieczna, Lorena Mendive-Tapia, Rebecca S. Saleeb, Katie Morris, Juan Antonio Gonzalez-Vera, Takeshi Kaizuka, Seth G. N. Grant, Mathew H. Horrocks, Marc Vendrell
Summary: The multiple applications of super-resolution microscopy have led to the need for minimally invasive labeling strategies for peptide-guided fluorescence imaging. In this study, we have built a library of benzodiazole amino acids and examined their potential as background-free fluorescence microscopy probes. The results show that benzodiazole amino acids retain the binding capabilities of bioactive peptides and exhibit excellent signal-to-background ratios.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marios C. Panayi, Thomas Boerner, Thomas Jahans-Price, Anna Huber, Rolf Sprengel, Gary Gilmour, David J. Sanderson, Paul J. Harrison, Mark E. Walton, David M. Bannerman
Summary: Psychosis in disorders like schizophrenia is associated with aberrant salience and elevated striatal dopamine. The cause of this hyper-dopaminergic state is unknown. Deficits in glutamatergic function and synaptic plasticity may contribute to schizophrenia, including deficits associated with the GluA1 AMPAR subunit. This study shows that GluA1 dysfunction, resulting in impaired short-term habituation, is a key driver of enhanced striatal dopamine responses, which may contribute to aberrant salience and psychosis in psychiatric disorders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Tomas-Roca, Zhen Qiu, Erik Fransen, Ragini Gokhale, Edita Bulovaite, David J. Price, Noboru H. Komiyama, Seth G. N. Grant
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders of genetic origin delay the acquisition of normal abilities, but the brain possesses the capacity to overcome deficits arising from certain germline mutations. In a mouse model of Pax6 mutation, the molecular composition of excitatory synapses, the development of synapse diversity, and the acquisition of normal synaptome architecture are delayed, interfering with cognitive functions. However, these phenotypes are reversed within a few weeks, restoring synapse diversity and synaptome architecture to the normal developmental trajectory.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Valentina Mercaldo, Barbora Vidimova, Denise Gastaldo, Esperanza Fernandez, Adrian C. Lo, Giulia Cencelli, Giorgia Pedini, Silvia De Rubeis, Francesco Longo, Eric Klann, August B. Smit, Seth G. N. Grant, Tilmann Achsel, Claudia Bagni
Summary: This study investigates the diverse proteome of glutamatergic synapses and its involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), specifically fragile X syndrome (FXS). The researchers demonstrate that the brain region-specific composition of postsynaptic density (PSD) contributes to the manifestation of FXS behavioral phenotypes. In the FXS mouse model, there is an altered association between PSD and actin cytoskeleton in the striatum, resulting in immature dendritic spine morphology and reduced synaptic actin dynamics. Enhancing actin turnover with constitutively active RAC1 improves these deficits and rescues the striatal-driven inflexibility observed in FXS individuals.
Article
Neurosciences
Lindsay R. Halladay, Steven M. Herron
Summary: Nearly one percent of children in the US suffer from childhood neglect or abuse, leading to long-term emotional and behavioral disorders. Research has mainly focused on the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as a result of early life stress. However, recent evidence suggests that early life stress can also affect neural development in extrahypothalamic areas such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Maternal separation (MS) in rodents, a commonly used approach, has shown to induce lasting effects including increased anxiety, hyper-responsiveness to stress, and deficits in social behavior. The BNST has been identified as a critical mediator of the consequences of MS, particularly in socioemotional behavioral deficits, due to its connections with hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic systems.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Janet Ronquillo, Michael T. Nguyen, Linnea Y. Rothi, Trung-Dan Bui-Tu, Jocelyn Yang, Lindsay R. Halladay
Summary: The classic anxiety tests may sufficiently differentiate differences among genetically defined groups, while the revised 3DR test may be more suitable for investigating nuanced behavioral differences caused by environmental factors. Additionally, exposure to multiple tests significantly affects sociability, highlighting the importance of careful design and interpretation of batteries of rodent behavioral tests.
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew J. Broadhead, Ani Ayvazian-Hancock, Katherine Doucet, Owen Kantelberg, Lesley Motherwell, Fei Zhu, Seth G. N. Grant, Mathew H. Horrocks, Gareth B. Miles
Summary: This study characterises the synaptic expression of TDP-43 in the spinal cord of mice using high-resolution and super-resolution microscopy techniques. The findings show that TDP-43 is expressed as nanoscale clusters in approximately half of spinal cord synapses, particularly in synapses associated with VGLUT1-positive presynaptic terminals. Interestingly, there is no difference in the subsynaptic expression of pTDP-43 between the ALS mouse model and healthy controls, despite structural deficits in VGLUT1-associated synapses in the ALS model.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ahmed Eltokhi, Ilaria Bertocchi, Andrei Rozov, Vidar Jensen, Thilo Borchardt, Amy Taylor, Catia C. Proenca, John Nick P. Rawlins, David M. Bannerman, Rolf Sprengel
Summary: Pharmacological studies have shown that ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) play a crucial role in spatial memory performance in the mammalian forebrain. In this study, the knockout of AMPAR subunits GluA1 and GluA3 resulted in changes in other subunits and impaired memory performance, suggesting functional redundancy in ionotropic glutamate receptors for long-term spatial memory.
Article
Neurosciences
Daniela Moura, Alekhya Parvathaneni, Atehsa Sahagun, Hirofumi Noguchi, Jesse Garcia, Emma Brennan, Robert Brock, Iris Tilton, Lindsay Halladay, Samuel Pleasure, Laura Cocas
Summary: This study investigates the significance of neuroglial connections in myelination during development and neuronal plasticity. The findings suggest that neuronal activity plays a crucial role in regulating OPC proliferation and activation, as well as the types of neuronal inputs to OPCs.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)