Article
Agronomy
Yasmeen Saleem, Muhammad Zaka Emad, Aamir Ali, Shagufta Naz
Summary: This study evaluated the response of different plant growth regulators on callus induction and regeneration in three sugarcane genotypes. The best callus response was obtained with the combination of 2,4-D and Kinetin, while Kinetin and BAP were found to be the most effective for shoot induction, and NAA and IBA were used for root induction. The results provide valuable information for optimizing tissue culture protocols for sugarcane.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nair S. Yokoya, Wendy A. Stirk, Johannes van Staden
Summary: The use of seaweed extracts as biostimulants is increasing worldwide due to their natural and environmentally friendly properties. This study analyzed the cytokinin-like activity in different species of red seaweeds and identified potential species for use as biostimulants in agriculture.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Emrah Donmez, Serhat Kilicarslan, Cemil Kozkurt, Aykut Diker, Fahrettin Burak Demir, Abdullah Elen
Summary: New breeding techniques for maize are needed due to population growth and climatic change. This study proposes a hybrid model using deep features and image patches to automatically recognize haploid and diploid maize seeds. The results show high accuracy and low processing complexity, suggesting the need for further research.
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sean Akira Montgomery, Tetsuya Hisanaga, Nan Wang, Elin Axelsson, Svetlana Akimcheva, Milos Sramek, Chang Liu, Frederic Berger
Summary: This study investigates gene dosage control in the short-lived diploid embryo of the plant Marchantia polymorpha. It reveals that paternal chromosomes are repressed throughout embryogenesis, resulting in functional haploidy. The findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining haploid gene dosage through genomic imprinting during embryonic development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc Krasovec, Masakazu Hoshino, Min Zheng, Agnieszka P. Lipinska, Susana M. Coelho
Summary: The spontaneous mutation rate mu is a crucial parameter to understand evolution and biodiversity, and it is highly variable across species due to selection, drift, and species life cycle. We sequenced genomes of brown algae Ectocarpus sp.7 and Scytosiphon to estimate the mutation rate of these complex multicellular eukaryotes and evaluate the impact of their life cycle. Our findings suggest that the haploid-diploid life cycle and asexual reproduction may be key drivers of the low mutation rate in these organisms.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
D. Zumel, X. Dieguez, O. Werner, M. C. Moreno-Ortiz, J. Munoz, R. M. Ros
Summary: Endoreduplication, a common process in plants, is related to plastic responses to stress factors. This study investigated the level of endoreduplication in Ceratodon mosses and found higher endoreduplication index in the haploid cytotypes. The haploid cytotypes exhibited higher endoreduplication index during hot and dry periods, while the diploid cytotype showed no seasonal difference.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Szymczyk, Grazyna Szymanska, Lukasz Kuzma, Agnieszka Jelen, Ewa Balcerczak
Summary: This study characterized the 5' regulatory region of the SmMEC gene and identified MeJa-responsive cis-active motifs. Co-expression studies and RT-PCR data confirmed the significant role of MeJa in SmMEC gene regulation. Furthermore, the experiment with S. miltiorrhiza solid callus cultures showed biphasic tanshinone accumulation after MeJa treatment.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dora Certnerova, Martin Certner, Pavel Skaloud
Summary: This study investigates the life cycle of unicellular chrysophyte algae and reveals a haploid-diploid life cycle with synchronized life stage transitions. The study provides new insights into the biology of unicellular eukaryotes.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yao Xiong, Hui Zhang, Sijie Zhou, Lu Ma, Wenhai Xiao, Yi Wu, Ying-Jin Yuan
Summary: Variations and adaptations of chromosome ends are crucial for eukaryotic karyotype evolution. This study used the SCRaMbLE strategy to create a library of synthetic strains with variations in chromosome ends. Analysis of the survivors revealed four adaptation routes, including homologous recombination, site-specific recombination, circularization of chromosomes, and loss of whole chromosomes. The study provides insights into karyotype evolution from the perspective of synthetic genomics.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jing Jin, Jemaa Essemine, Jianli Duan, Qijun Xie, Jian Zhu, Weiming Cai
Summary: Habituated rice calli grown on auxin-free medium exhibit faster growth and differential gene expression related to hormone metabolism compared to non-habituated calli. Increased levels of IAA and decreased levels of other hormones such as ABA and ethylene are associated with habituation process. The changes in endogenous hormone levels play a crucial role in the acclimation and growth regulation of rice calli.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Marcelo R. A. De Figueiredo, Hamlin Barnes, Claudia M. Boot, Ana Beatriz T. B. De Figueiredo, Scott J. Nissen, Franck E. Dayan, Todd A. Gaines
Summary: Amaranthus tuberculatus, a waterhemp plant species resistant to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), has been found to possess rapid metabolic detoxification ability. Through a novel detoxification mechanism, resistant plants hydroxylate 2,4-D into a less toxic metabolite, while susceptible plants conjugate 2,4-D to aspartate. This evolution of detoxification reactions in resistant plants allows for more efficient detoxification of 2,4-D.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Mirella F. Ortiz, Marcelo R. A. Figueiredo, Scott J. Nissen, Ryan M. Wersal, William A. Ratajczyk, Franck E. Dayan
Summary: Hybrid watermilfoil (HWM) shows higher absorption and bioaccumulation of 2,4-D compared to Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM), with limited translocation to roots and slightly lower desorption. There were no differences in herbicide metabolism between HWM and EWM, suggesting that target-site resistance is the likely mechanism for 2,4-D resistance in HWM. Further research is needed to identify the molecular basis for this resistance trait.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Qiushi Zheng, Jing Liu, Juanxiu Qin, Bingjie Wang, Jian Bing, Han Du, Min Li, Fangyou Yu, Guanghua Huang
Summary: This study reports the population structure and ploidy states of 500 clinical isolates of Candida glabrata from China. Surprisingly, the ploidy of a subset of clinical isolates varied dramatically, with some able to switch to aneuploid, diploid, or hyperdiploid forms. Cells with different ploidy in C. glabrata exhibited differences in morphology, antifungal susceptibility, virulence, and global gene expression profile. Ploidy switching could be a strategy for rapid adaptation to environmental changes and an alternative to sexual reproduction in this fungus.
Article
Plant Sciences
Seong Beom Jin, Min Ju Kim, Cheol Woo Choi, Suk Man Park, Su Hyun Yun
Summary: This study genetically verified that sour orange plants derived from anther culture were developed from somatic embryos or haploid tissues. The anther culture technique can be used to obtain homozygous diploid and aneuploid citrus plants.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nelso P. Navarro, Pirjo Huovinen, Jocelyn Jofre, Ivan Gomez
Summary: Early stages of macroalgae are more vulnerable to environmental changes, with diploid carpospores showing higher photosynthetic activity under UV radiation compared to haploid tetraspores. Different responses to radiation between haploid and diploid propagules highlight the ecophysiological versatility of different life-cycle phases in coping with light stress factors for successful recruitment and survival.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2021)