Review
Cell Biology
Jaclyn Iannucci, Paula Grammas
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, are major causes of death and disability worldwide. Neuroinflammation is a critical factor in these diseases, and exploring the role of thrombin in neuroinflammation can provide insights into other neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated levels of thrombin are found in conditions that increase Alzheimer's disease risk, and it drives neuroinflammation through activation of microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells. Inhibiting thrombin could be an effective therapeutic strategy for interrupting the inflammatory cascade and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bartolo Tamburini, Giusto Davide Badami, Marco Pio La Manna, Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi, Nadia Caccamo, Francesco Dieli
Summary: The inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease has both protective and harmful effects. Microglia initially play a protective role but can become overactivated, leading to impaired clearance of β-amyloid peptides and neurodegeneration. Microglia also contribute to the spread of tau pathology. Elevated levels of soluble TREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with amyloid plaque burden, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Understanding the relationship between innate immunity and Alzheimer's disease could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, but further studies are needed for effective treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benita Wiatrak, Paulina Jawien, Agnieszka Matuszewska, Adam Szelag, Adriana Kubis-Kubiak
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of amyloid fragments on oxidative stress and found that amyloid fragments have antioxidant properties, protecting neurons from neuroinflammation-induced damage. Among the tested fragments, the 1-40 fragment showed a stronger antioxidant effect.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Deepali Singh
Summary: Neuroinflammation is caused by the misfiring of immune cells in the central nervous system and can have both positive and negative effects on neurodevelopment and post-injury tissue. Chronic or uncontrolled inflammatory responses may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, while abnormal activation of glial cells can mediate neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Gregoire Stym-Popper, Karen Matta, Thomas Chaigneau, Roshan Rupra, Alexandros Demetriou, Stephane Fouquet, Cira Dansokho, Cecile Toly-Ndour, Guillaume Dorothee
Summary: The study found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by regulating the microglial response and the subtypes of reactive astrocytes. However, the precise impact of Tregs on astrocyte reactivity and phenotypes in AD remains poorly defined.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chengwei Chen, Yuting Bao, Lu Xing, Chengyong Jiang, Yu Guo, Shuangmei Tong, Jiayi Zhang, Liang Chen, Ying Mao
Summary: This study demonstrates the therapeutic effect of 1070nm near-infrared light on Alzheimer's disease by inducing microglial phenotype switching and exosome secretion, which reduces beta-amyloid burden, improves cognitive function, and protects neuronal dendritic spine integrity through ameliorating neuroinflammation and promoting plasticity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jong-Min Kim, Jihyeon Noh, Jin-Woo Park, Hyewon Chung, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Seung Bin Park, Jun-Seok Lee, Ji-Young Park
Summary: This study aimed to compare the anticoagulant effects of DAB and its metabolite DABG in humans. The results showed that DABG exhibited weaker anticoagulant effects compared to DAB.
Article
Plant Sciences
Siti Zaidathul Iman Zolkiffly, Johnson Stanslas, Hafizah Abdul Hamid, Muhammad Zulfadli Mehat
Summary: The study aimed to determine the inhibitory properties of Ficus deltoidea Jack aqueous extract on pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced microglial cells. The extract was found to be non-cytotoxic and significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in microglial cells induced by LPS, showing neuroprotective effects.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yanaika. S. S. Hok-A-Hin, Marta del Campo, Walter. A. A. Boiten, Erik Stoops, Melanie Vanhooren, Afina. W. W. Lemstra, Wiesje. M. M. van der Flier, Charlotte. E. E. Teunissen
Summary: The proteins MIF and sTREM1 show different levels of expression in different stages of Alzheimer's disease, and they are associated with tau pathology and inflammation. These neuroinflammatory markers could be useful in clinical trials to monitor the dynamics of inflammatory responses or the efficacy of inflammatory modulating drugs.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benita Wiatrak, Katarzyna Balon, Paulina Jawien, Dominika Bednarz, Izabela Jeskowiak, Adam Szelag
Summary: With the increase in life expectancy, the number of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is growing. This review focuses on the potential association of AD with the digestive system, particularly the gut microbiota. The role of diet quality in preventing and alleviating Alzheimer's disease is also discussed, as well as the treatment strategies for changing the microbiota.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefania Merighi, Manuela Nigro, Alessia Travagli, Stefania Gessi
Summary: Neuroinflammation may be a crucial avenue for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease, with microglia playing a key role in the disease process but potentially becoming impaired in later stages. It is important to identify new biomarkers to assess microglial activity and develop novel therapies to restore their physiological function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bartosz Twarowski, Mariola Herbet
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an incurable form of senile dementia and a leading cause of death. Inflammation, specifically the release of mediators by inflammatory cells, can contribute to neuronal degeneration and disease progression in Alzheimer's. The pathomechanism of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease is still not fully understood, but studying it could lead to the development of early diagnostic methods and new therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaolei Shi, Xiaomei Zhong, Huarong Zhou, Nan Zhou, Yachun Hu, Yuping Ning
Summary: This study investigated the association between CSF ferritin and sTrem2, finding a significant correlation between them in the AD continuum, suggesting CSF ferritin as a potential biomarker for Trem2-indicated microglia function.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Katarzyna Potyrak, Benita Wiatrak, Edward Krzyzak, L. Lukasz Szczukowski, Piotr Swiatek, Adam Szelag
Summary: Alzheimer's disease remains a serious disorder with no effective therapy. However, certain compounds show potential for beneficial effects on damaged neuronal cells and are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Piya Temviriyanukul, Anchana Chansawhang, Jirarat Karinchai, Sataporn Phochantachinda, Shutipen Buranasinsup, Woorawee Inthachat, Pornsiri Pitchakarn, Boonrat Chantong
Summary: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Kaempferia parviflora (KP), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, has shown potential in suppressing A beta-mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal differentiation. In this study, fractions of KP extract containing certain compounds were found to protect neural stem cells and microglia from A beta(42)-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, as well as prevent A beta(42)-suppressed neurogenesis.