Article
Neurosciences
David A. Kupferschmidt, Kirstie A. Cummings, Max E. Joffe, Andrew MacAskill, Ruchi Malik, Candela Sanchez-Bellot, Hugo A. Tejeda, Hector Yarur Castillo
Summary: This review explores the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibitory microcircuits in regulating cognition and behavior, as well as recent findings on the discrete populations of inhibitory interneurons in the mouse brain. It discusses the connections and regulation of PFC interneurons with long-range inputs, as well as the circuit-specific plasticity of these interneurons. The contributions of these populations, pathways, and plasticity to rodent cognition in the context of stress, reward, motivational conflict, and genetic mutations relevant to psychiatric disease are also highlighted.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jan Pieter Konsman, Collin J. Laaker, Kelsey R. Lloyd, Adam Hiltz, Brittany L. Smith, Marissa A. Smail, Teresa M. Reyes
Summary: The study found that adult mice exposed to leukemia chemotherapy in early life showed deficits in recognition memory and executive function. Inflammation-related gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex and small intestine were associated with executive function deficits in mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Noemie Auclair-Ouellet, Alexandru Hanganu, Erin L. Mazerolle, Stefan T. Lang, Mekale Kibreab, Mehrafarin Ramezani, Angela Haffenden, Tracy Hammer, Jenelle Cheetham, Iris Kathol, G. Bruce Pike, Justyna Sarna, Davide Martino, Oury Monchi
Summary: The study aimed to characterize the relationship between the action fluency test and personal characteristics, disease factors, cognition, and neural activity in PD patients. The results showed that the action fluency test could identify a subgroup of PD patients with distinct characteristics in terms of sex, age, global cognition, executive functions, and brain activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Martin Marko, Igor Riecansky
Summary: This study investigated the role of the left lateral prefrontal cortex in semantic control using a double-blind randomized controlled experiment. The results showed that anodal tDCS of the left lateral PFC improved inhibition of prepotent semantic associations and enhanced working memory capacity, but had no significant effect on retrieval of habitual associates or switching between retrieval rules. The findings suggest that semantic inhibition and switching are distinct components of the semantic control system, with the left lateral PFC playing a role in filtering processes that constrain accessible semantic representations.
Review
Neurosciences
Mitchell D. Morningstar, William H. Barnett, Charles R. Goodlett, Alexey Kuznetsov, Christopher C. Lapish
Summary: Acute ethanol intoxication inhibits medial prefrontal cortex function, potentially leading to impaired behavior through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a hypothesis that is explained through the lens of dynamical systems theory.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kulvara Lapanan, Phunsuk Kantha, Gallayaporn Nantachai, Solaphat Hemrungrojn, Michael Maes
Summary: This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effects of dual-task paradigms on prefrontal cortex hemodynamics in older adults. The findings showed that inhibitory control and working memory tasks significantly increased oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) levels in the prefrontal cortex, while dual-task paradigms also significantly decreased deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) levels. This finding has clinical implications for understanding why older adults are more prone to falls during daily activities.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Elizabeth Woo, Dibyadeep Datta, Amy F. T. Arnsten
Summary: mGlu3 receptors are mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes in rat PL mPFC, and are also found in microglia to a lesser extent. They are predominantly located on axons and widely distributed in the glial membrane, but are also present on dendritic spines, particularly in layer III.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Geoffrey W. Diehl, A. David Redish
Summary: Decision-making requires different aspects of information and involves multiple cognitive processes. The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to play a central role in these abilities. Previous studies on mPFC function have yielded controversial results, but this study with rats performing an economic decision task revealed four distinct functional domains within mPFC, closely related to anatomical subregions. Dorsal mPFC regions were more involved in processing active decisions, while ventral regions were more engaged in motivational factors.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Yusuke Moriguchi
Summary: The study found that there may be differences in the neural basis of hot and cool executive function during early childhood, and there is no correlation between cool and hot EF tasks.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alessandro Piva, Lucia Caffino, Francesca Mottarlini, Nicholas Pintori, Fernando Castillo Diaz, Fabio Fumagalli, Cristiano Chiamulera
Summary: The study found distinct effects of ketamine and MK-801 in the rat brain, with ketamine inducing a pattern of enhanced excitability while MK-801 causing sparse changes. The two substances showed different effects on glutamate synapses in different brain areas, with ketamine leading to fine tuning of glutamatergic synapses compared to MK-801.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jongwook Kim, Byoungwoo Cha, Doyoung Lee, Jong Moon Kim, MinYoung Kim
Summary: High-frequency rTMS over the ipsilesional DLPFC has beneficial effects on cognition and mood recovery in patients with subacute stroke. The improvement in cognitive abilities is more significant in patients with left hemispheric lesions, while patients with right hemispheric lesions show greater improvement in cognition.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
John H. Harkness, Angela E. Gonzalez, Priyanka N. Bushana, Emily T. Jorgensen, Deborah M. Hegarty, Ariel A. Di Nardo, Alain Prochiantz, Jonathan P. Wisor, Sue A. Aicher, Travis E. Brown, Barbara A. Sorg
Summary: The study found diurnal fluctuations in perineuronal nets (PNNs) surrounding parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and PV cells, impacting the excitatory:inhibitory balance in the cortex and providing new insights into treatments for diseases affected by disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythms.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Amanda E. Hernan, J. Matthew Mahoney, Willie Curry, Seamus Mawe, Rod C. Scott
Summary: The study reveals that neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex form a functional network during spatial working memory tasks and are well modulated in time. However, animals with cortical malformation show poorly modulated neurons in time, leading to difficulties in encoding task parameters and integrating into a functional network.
Article
Psychiatry
Daniel Y. Rubinstein, Daniel P. Eisenberg, Frederick W. Carver, Tom Holroyd, Jose A. Apud, Richard Coppola, Karen F. Berman
Summary: This study used magnetoencephalography to investigate working memory-related beta band activity in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy controls. The results showed altered beta band activation in medication-free patients, which were largely observed in prefrontal, parietal, and visual cortices. Antipsychotic medication altered the neural responses in these regions to resemble those of controls.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Abigail Fiske, Carina de Klerk, Katie Y. K. Lui, Liam Collins-Jones, Alexandra Hendry, Isobel Greenhalgh, Anna Hall, Gaia Scerif, Henrik Dvergsdal, Karla Holmboe
Summary: Inhibitory control, a core executive function, develops rapidly from infancy and is supported by the right prefrontal and parietal cortices in 10-month-old infants.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Allyson J. Ripley, Matthew S. Jeffers, Matthew W. McDonald, Joshua Montroy, Angela Dykes, Dean A. Fergusson, Gergely Silasi, Manoj M. Lalu, Dale Corbett
Summary: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) shows promise in reducing infarct volume in ischemic stroke, especially in males and when delivered poststroke. However, there is a high risk of bias and poor methodological reporting in many studies, potentially exaggerating efficacy. Important but under-investigated topics include the efficacy of RIC in different stroke models, varied infarct sizes and locations, and potential sex differences.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Y. Zhang, Matthew S. Jeffers, Diane C. Lagace, Adam Kirton, Gergely Silasri
Summary: This study evaluated potential biomarkers for motor function in a mouse model of perinatal stroke using optogenetic cortical stimulation. The results showed that motor map size can be a useful biomarker for impairment and training-induced modulation in specific individuals. The findings suggest the possibility of using post-stroke motor representations for predicting behavioral outcomes and understanding plasticity mechanisms in recovery following perinatal stroke.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kathryn S. Hayward, Sharon F. Kramer, Emily J. Dalton, Gemma R. Hughes, Amy Brodtmann, Leonid Churilov, Geoffrey Cloud, Dale Corbett, Laura Jolliffe, Tina Kaffenberger, Venesha Rethnam, Vincent Thijs, Nick Ward, Natasha Lannin, Julie Bernhardt
Summary: This systematic review aimed to investigate the timing, dose, and efficacy of upper limb intervention during the first 6 months poststroke. The study found that despite a large and growing body of research, intervention dose and sample size of included studies were often too small to detect clinically important effects. Furthermore, interventions remain focused on subacute stroke recovery with little change in recent decades.
Review
Rehabilitation
Emily J. Dalton, Leonid Churilov, Natasha A. Lannin, Dale Corbett, Bruce C. Campbell, Kathryn S. Hayward
Summary: This review aimed to synthesize dose articulation research of behavioral motor interventions for stroke recovery. The findings highlight the need for more high-quality, early-phase studies that systematically articulate intervention doses from a multidimensional perspective.
ANNALS OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manoj D. Lalu, Justin C. Presseau, Madison Foster, Victoria Hunniford, Kelly Cobey, Jamie Brehaut, Carolina S. Ilkow, Joshua A. Montroy, Analyssa Cardenas, Ayni Sharif, Matthew Jeffers, Dean Fergusson
Summary: The use of rigorous study design methods and transparent reporting is proposed to improve the reproducibility of preclinical research, but there is low uptake in practice. Interviews with 30 preclinical scientists revealed that they are motivated to adopt these methods but there is varied awareness and implementation of guidelines. Researchers also noted disadvantages such as increased sample sizes, expenses, and time required for implementation.
Letter
Anesthesiology
Jamal Alkadri, Richard Hu, Matthew S. Jeffers, James Ross, Daniel I. McIsaac, Bernard McDonald
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew S. Jeffers, Alison C. Pittman, Tetyana Kendzerska, Dale Corbett, Kathryn S. Hayward, Yue Chen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of stroke on sleep disturbances. Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, it was found that people with stroke symptoms had a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to the general population, including trouble staying awake, short or long sleep duration, trouble going to or staying asleep, and lack of refreshing sleep. The study highlights the importance of screening for sleep disorders related to stroke.
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gustavo Balbinot, Boris Touvykine, Joyce Zaftis, Clarissa Pedrini Schuch, Matthew Strider Jeffers, Guillaume Elgbeili, Numa Dancause, Dale Corbett
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms of poststroke recovery using behavioral and kinematic analyses. The results showed that enriched rehabilitation can improve motor function recovery by restoring the function of motor-related structures. This study is important for understanding the process of motor recovery and identifying targets for optimizing poststroke recovery.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew S. Jeffers, Aileen Maclellan, Marc T. Avey, Julia M. L. Menon, Janet Sunohara-Neilson, Dean A. Fergusson, Manoj M. Lalu
Summary: Protocol registration is necessary in clinical trials, and extending it to animal studies can enhance transparency and reduce redundancy. Integrating study registration into institutional approval of animal use protocols is a promising strategy to increase uptake.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emily J. Dalton, Leonid Churilov, Natasha A. Lannin, Dale Corbett, Bruce C. Campbell, Kathryn S. Hayward
Summary: Despite an increase in the amount of published stroke recovery research, interventions have failed to markedly affect the trajectory of recovery poststroke. This article argues that early-phase research to systematically investigate dose is crucial in advancing the science underpinning stroke recovery. The proposed solution involves using a systematic approach to design a multidimensional phase I trial to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), with the aim of improving the development of efficacious stroke recovery interventions.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew W. McDonald, Angela Dykes, Matthew S. Jeffers, Anthony Carter, Ralph Nevins, Allyson Ripley, Gergely Silasi, Dale Corbett
Summary: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) shows neuroprotective effects in stroke patients by inducing ischemia at specific time points, but fails to enhance post-stroke behavioral recovery in the later acute phase.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew W. McDonald, Matthew S. Jeffers, Lama Issa, Anthony Carter, Allyson Ripley, Lydia M. Kuhl, Cameron Morse, Cesar H. Comin, Bernard J. Jasmin, Baptiste Lacoste, Dale Corbett
Summary: The evidence supports early rehabilitation after stroke to limit disability, with a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise along with resveratrol showing promising results in mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle deconditioning. However, there were no additive effects observed in these experiments, despite the potential benefits of early treatment for poststroke behavioral impairments.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
