Review
Immunology
Cong Sun, Xin-chun Chen, Yin-feng Kang, Mu-sheng Zeng
Summary: EBV is a common human herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. Despite efforts to develop a prophylactic vaccine, there is currently no EBV vaccine in clinical use. Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and global vaccine development offer opportunities for designing an effective prophylactic EBV vaccine to control worldwide EBV infection and associated diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jing Cai, Bodou Zhang, Yuqi Li, Wanfang Zhu, Toshihiro Akihisa, Wei Li, Takashi Kikuchi, Wenyuan Liu, Feng Feng, Jie Zhang
Summary: The lack of approved EBV vaccines can be attributed to the complexity of the virus life cycle, the absence of suitable animal models, and limited understanding of adjuvant selection and immune responses. Continuous research and trials show that combined immunization could be crucial for the future success in developing EBV vaccines.
Review
Immunology
Andrei A. Deviatkin, Ruslan A. Simonov, Kseniya A. Trutneva, Anna A. Maznina, Elena M. Khavina, Pavel Y. Volchkov
Summary: The seasonal flu vaccine is the only known method to prevent influenza epidemics, although its efficacy is limited. New vaccine platforms and RNA vaccines could potentially offer a solution. This review summarizes the current state of the problem and proposes future directions for RNA-based flu vaccine development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul J. Farrell, Robert E. White
Summary: The incidence of diseases associated with EBV infection varies greatly in different parts of the world, which may be influenced by the variation in the virus genome. This article describes the main forms of EBV genome sequence variation and the potential contribution of these variations to disease development. Polymorphisms or deletions in the EBV genome can also serve as useful markers for disease monitoring. If certain strains of EBV are proven to be more pathogenic than others, immunization against these pathogenic strains may be valuable.
Article
Biology
Victor Omoboyede, Ochapa Ibrahim, Haruna Isiyaku Umar, Taye Bello, Ayodeji Adeola Adedeji, Aqsa Khalid, Emmanuel Sunday Fayojegbe, Adunola Blessing Ayomide, Prosper Obed Chukwuemeka
Summary: The study aimed to develop a multiepitope-based polyvalent vaccine against EBV-associated tumors using an immunoinformatics approach. Thirty viable B-cell and T-cell epitopes were selected and conjugated to form the vaccine construct, showing desirable properties based on in silico evaluation.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Wesley Soo I. Hoo, Kaylie Higa, Alison A. McCormick
Summary: This study successfully developed a mouse B cell line expressing latent membrane protein 1 and demonstrated that vaccination protected mice against B cell tumors expressing latent membrane protein 1. This research provides a potential for studying vaccine immunotherapy in cancer patients.
Article
Immunology
Yiran Qu, Bingyang Zhang, Yingli Wang, Shuang Yin, Jordan L. Pederick, John B. Bruning, Yan Sun, Anton Middelberg, Jingxiu Bi
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between insertion sites in ferritin (N-terminus and C-terminus) and immune responses, finding that C-terminus insertion resulted in a stronger cell-mediated immune response than N-terminus insertion. This research provides new insights into the development of ferritin nanoparticle vaccines.
Review
Oncology
Huageng Huang, Yuyi Yao, Xinyi Deng, Zongyao Huang, Yungchang Chen, Zhao Wang, Huangming Hong, He Huang, Tongyu Lin
Summary: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and conventional salvage treatments for advanced NPC have limited efficacy. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality for recurrent and metastatic NPC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hisashi Iizasa, Andy Visi Kartika, Sintayehu Fekadu, Shunpei Okada, Daichi Onomura, Afifah Fatimah Azzahra Ahmad Wadi, Mosammat Mahmuda Khatun, Thin Myat Moe, Jun Nishikawa, Hironori Yoshiyama
Summary: This article discusses the roles of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in the formation of gastric cancer. Previous studies have suggested that H. pylori infection may cooperate with EBV infection to promote gastric cancer development, while others have reported that H. pylori infection accelerates tumorigenesis caused by EBV infection.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Joanna Musialik, Aureliusz Kolonko, Andrzej Wiecek
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on EBV infections in stable kidney and liver transplant recipients. The results showed a significant increase in EBV viremia after the second vaccine dose in 9 out of 10 patients, and one patient experienced reactivation of EBV infection. Although the viral load decreased six months later, some patients still had a viral load higher than the baseline.
Article
Immunology
Mohamed J. Saadh, Tahmineh Ghadimkhani, Narges Soltani, Arian Abbassioun, Renzon Daniel Cosme Pecho, Ali Taha, Tareq Jwad Kazem, Saman Yasamineh, Omid Gholizadeh
Summary: Monkeypox virus is a rare zoonotic illness caused by an orthopoxvirus. It shares symptoms with smallpox and has been reported in 110 countries, causing thousands of confirmed cases and deaths. Recent outbreaks in Africa and the U.S. highlight the ongoing public health concern of zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshimi Enose-Akahata, Limin Wang, Fahad Almsned, Kory R. Johnson, Yair Mina, Joan Ohayon, Xin Wei Wang, Steven Jacobson
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and the cause of MS remains unknown. This study investigated the antibody responses against various viruses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of MS patients, and found significant differences compared to healthy volunteers, as well as a pattern of antibody responses against multiple viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus. These findings indicate that virus-specific antibody signatures might reflect the disease-associated inflammatory milieu in the CSF of patients with neuroinflammatory diseases.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yin-Feng Kang, Xiao Zhang, Xiao-Hui Yu, Qingbing Zheng, Zhe Liu, Jiang-Ping Li, Cong Sun, Xiang-Wei Kong, Qian-Ying Zhu, Hai-Wen Chen, Yang Huang, Miao Xu, Qian Zhong, Yi-Xin Zeng, Mu-Sheng Zeng
Summary: This study utilized self-assembled nanoparticles presenting copies of gp350 to design a promising EBV vaccine candidate that could induce higher neutralizing antibody titers compared to monomeric gp350 vaccines. Results from animal experiments showed that this vaccine design could effectively trigger neutralizing antibody production, and in nonhuman primate models, it demonstrated potential protection against EBV infection.
Review
Immunology
Kehui Zhou, Chaoqun Li, Wen Shi, Xiaodan Hu, Kutty Selva Nandakumar, Shibo Jiang, Naru Zhang
Summary: Zika virus infection can lead to severe consequences like microcephaly, and there is currently no specific treatment available. Developing effective and safe vaccines is crucial for preventing potential pandemics.
Article
Hematology
Hannes Vietzen, Philippe L. Furlano, Jan J. Cornelissen, Georg A. Boehmig, Peter Jaksch, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stoeckl
Summary: This study found that nonclassic human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E)-restricted immune responses have a significant impact on the development of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) diseases in the individual host. The highly expressed HLA-E*0103/0103 genotype is protective against infectious mononucleosis (IM) by inducing potent EBV BZLF1-specific HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses. Variations in the inhibitory NKG2A/LMP-1/HLA-E axis are associated with the risk of symptomatic EBV reactivations in both immunocompetent individuals and immunocompromised transplant recipients.
