Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Idoia Elorza Ridaura, Stefano Sorrentino, Lorenzo Moroni
Summary: Neurovascular disorders involve vascular and nervous systems, and understanding the molecular mechanisms of their development and regeneration is crucial for improving current treatments. By comparing signaling molecules in both developing vascular and nervous systems, potential areas for future research can be identified, with a focus on molecules such as VEGF, semaphorins, and ephrins that hold the most promise.
Review
Oncology
David Bakhshinyan, Neil Savage, Sabra Khalid Salim, Chitra Venugopal, Sheila K. Singh
Summary: Studies have found that neural stem cells (NSCs) and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in the adult brain overlap in function, but differences in gene expression, transcriptional programs, and external environmental cues influence their divergent behavior.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Daiki Nishiori, Brian L. Wadsworth, Gary F. Moore
Summary: Catalysts play a central role in accelerating chemical reactions in biology and technology, but research on photoelectrosynthetic reactions has not been as rigorously pursued as in other areas. This perspective draws parallels between enzyme catalytic efficiency, benchmarking of molecular electrocatalysts, and the performance of photoelectrosynthetic assemblies, highlighting key differences, assumptions, and limitations.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Abbas Salavaty, Esmaeel Azadian, Shalin H. Naik, Peter D. Currie
Summary: Clonal selection and drift play important roles in both normal tissue and cancer development, but the biological mechanisms and environmental conditions underlying these processes are still unclear. Clonal selection models are based on Darwinian evolutionary theory, where clones with the fittest features are selected and proliferate in the tissue or tumor. We suggest that different subclasses of stem cells, responsible for distinct features of the selection process, have common characteristics in both normal and cancer conditions. Active stem cells populate the tissue, while dormant cells contribute to tissue replenishment/regeneration in normal and cancerous tissues. We also discuss potential mechanisms driving clonal drift, their interactions with clonal selection, and their similarities during normal and cancer tissue development.
TRENDS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Kevin M. Rattigan, Martha M. Zarou, G. Vignir Helgason
Summary: Our understanding of cancer metabolism encompasses its role in cellular energetics, providing building blocks for proliferation, regulating cellular redox and epigenome, and responding to extrinsic challenges. Cancer cells can modify their microenvironment and acquire therapy resistance. In this study, we focus on how leukemia remodels the niche and rewires its metabolism, with emphasis on therapy-resistant stem cells. We also examine metabolic pathways shared by leukemic stem cells, hematopoiesis, and immune cell function, which is crucial for selecting anticancer metabolic inhibitors, especially in the context of immune therapies.
Article
Developmental Biology
Catherine Pfefferli, Marylene Bonvin, Dogan Grepper, Steve Robatel, Desiree Konig, Heidi E. L. Lischer, Remy Bruggmann, Anna Jazwinska
Summary: In this study, the researchers induced and reversibly expressed HRASG12V gene in zebrafish cardiomyocytes to investigate its effects on myocardial regeneration. They found that inhibiting TOR signaling can suppress the hyperplastic cardiac enlargement caused by oncogene expression. Furthermore, both oncogene expression and cardiac regeneration led to the upregulation of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation factors, as well as similar microenvironmental responses. Preconditioning the heart with short-term oncogene expression accelerated cardiac regeneration, revealing a beneficial synergism between detrimental hyperplasia and advantageous regeneration.
Review
Physiology
Ankan Gupta, Kevin R. Rarick, Ramani Ramchandran
Summary: This review discusses the state of knowledge on embryonic brain vascular patterning in zebrafish and mouse model systems, focusing on the origins and distinguishing features of brain endothelial cells. The interplay between brain endothelial cells and neural stem cells, mechanisms of Wnt signaling in brain vascular patterning, and emerging areas in vertebrates' cerebrovascular structures are explored.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Duomei Xue, Di Wu, Zeren Chen, Ying Li, WeiMing Sun, Jingyao Liu, Zhiru Li
Summary: The Zintl cluster Ge9Be has been identified as a potential member of the superatom family due to its similarity to chalcogen elements. It has the ability to form stable ionic compounds and covalent compounds with multiple valence superatoms. Utilizing solid Zintl clusters, stable superatom motifs can be designed and synthesized for specific characteristics-oriented applications.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Heather M. McGee, Ariel E. Marciscano, Allison M. Campbell, Arta M. Monjazeb, Susan M. Kaech, John R. Teijaro
Summary: Improved understanding of host antiviral defense and antitumor immunity have elucidated molecular pathways important to both processes. Recent studies have revealed similarities in the signaling pathways activated by viruses and tumor DNA released into irradiated tumor cells. Radiotherapy induces a type I interferon response through a form of viral mimicry, which is crucial for immune-mediated tumor control.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Siyuan Hou, Zongcheng Li, Ji Dong, Yun Gao, Zhilin Chang, Xiaochen Ding, Shuaili Li, Yunqiao Li, Yang Zeng, Qian Xin, Baihan Wang, Yanli Ni, Xiaowei Ning, Yuqiong Hu, Xiaoying Fan, Yu Hou, Xianlong Li, Lu Wen, Bin Zhou, Bing Liu, Fuchou Tang, Yu Lan
Summary: This study used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to investigate vascular endothelial cells during embryonic development in mice and humans. The researchers identified two distinct types of arterial endothelial cells and uncovered heterogeneity in arteriovenous fate settling among endothelial cells within the embryonic vasculature. By tracing venous-featured endothelial cells, the study also revealed early arterialization from capillaries.
Review
Neurosciences
Sara Rojas-Vazquez, Laura Blasco-Chamarro, Irene Lopez-Fabuel, Ramon Martinez-Manez, Isabel Farinas
Summary: This review highlights the interactions between vascular senescence, circulating pro-senescence factors, and the decrease in NSC potential during aging, emphasizing the importance of vasculature in regulating neural stem cells and the impact of age-related factors on brain function.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Catriona MacDonald, Sarah E. McClelland
Summary: Recent cancer research has integrated evolutionary theory to study somatic genome evolution during tumor development. Investigating mechanistic principles of chromosomal instability can reciprocally inform both species and somatic evolution fields.
TRENDS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
Jonathan B. Cohen, Sephalie Y. Patel
Summary: This article discusses the important concepts in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and approaching patient safety, and suggests how to apply these concepts to improve perioperative safety.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
Summary: The interaction between a tumor and its microenvironment is a growing field of research, and the communication between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix is of particular interest. Understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in tumor growth can provide new insights into cancer biology.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diego S. Vazquez, Hanna M. Schilbert, Veronica Dodero
Summary: This study found high similarity between gluten-related disease peptides and bacterial pathogens, proposing a new hypothesis on the pathogenic mechanisms of pathogens in celiac disease. These findings may raise new research questions in the field of innate immunity, microbiome, and food research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
