Review
Immunology
Leonore Mensching, Angelique Hoelzemer
Summary: This article discusses the role of NK cells and monocytes/macrophages in HIV-1 infection, as well as aspects of innate immune crosstalk in viral infections relevant to HIV-1 infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shasha Chen, Zhiyong Liao, Pinglong Xu
Summary: Mitochondria play versatile roles in cellular processes and have emerged as critical components in innate immunity. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the interactions between mitochondria and innate immune responses. It discusses the roles of healthy mitochondria as platforms for signalosome assembly, the release of mitochondrial components as signaling messengers, and the regulation of signaling via mitophagy. Additionally, it explores the impacts of mitochondrial proteins and metabolites on modulating innate immune responses, immune cell polarization, and their implications in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guido Papa, Anna Albecka, Donna Mallery, Marina Vaysburd, Nadine Renner, Leo C. James
Summary: HIV-1 utilizes IP6 to form a stable capsid for delivering its genome into host nucleus. Viruses unable to incorporate IP6 are not protected by capsid and are detected by innate immunity, leading to the activation of an antiviral state that inhibits infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Archit Kumar, Jiawei Wang, Allen Esterly, Chris Radcliffe, Haowen Zhou, Brent Vander Wyk, Heather G. Allore, Sui Tsang, Lydia Barakat, Subhasis Mohanty, Hongyu Zhao, Albert C. Shaw, Heidi J. Zapata
Summary: This study evaluates the function of Dectin-1 in myeloid cells and finds that HIV infection leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines in monocytes and dendritic cells upon Dectin-1 stimulation, potentially contributing to the pro-inflammatory environment associated with HIV.
Article
Immunology
Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Edurne Garcia-Vidal, Eudald Felip, Maria C. Puertas, Bruna Oriol-Tordera, Lucia Gutierrez-Chamorro, Andre Gohr, Marta Ruiz-Riol, Marta Massanella, Bonaventura Clotet, Javier Martinez-Picado, Roger Badia, Eva Riveira-Munoz, Ester Ballana
Summary: This study reveals the potential of selective JAK2 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for HIV-1 cure by modulating innate immune stimulation to reverse HIV latency and reduce the viral reservoir through a pathway driven by IRF7.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran, Daniel T. Claiborne, Colby R. Maldini, Meredith Phelps, Vladimir Vrbanac, Marshall E. Karpel, Katharine L. Krupp, Karen A. Power, Christian L. Boutwell, Alejandro B. Balazs, Andrew M. Tager, Marcus Altfeld, Todd M. Allen
Summary: The study found that HuBLT mice have well-reconstituted T cells with intact diversity, but exhibit weak T-cell responses to HIV-1 challenge due to a deficiency in innate immune cells, particularly monocytes. Research suggests that efforts to improve the model for HIV-1 immune response and vaccine studies should focus on restoring innate immune reconstitution.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Piyush Dey, Akanksha Ahuja, Jaishal Panwar, Poonam Choudhary, Shital Rani, Mandeep Kaur, Akanksha Sharma, Jatinder Kaur, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Vikas Sood, Adukamparai Suresh R. Babu, Sanjay K. Bhadada, Gurpal Singh, Ravi Pratap Barnwal
Summary: The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a naturally prevalent virus in aquatic birds, which infects various avian species and can transmit to humans. Both the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses have the potential to cause acute influenza in humans and pose a possible pandemic threat. Understanding the disease pathogenesis and the host's immune response is crucial for the development of control and prevention strategies.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ibrahim M. Sayed, Stella-Rita Ibeawuchi, Dominique Lie, Mahitha Shree Anandachar, Rama Pranadinata, Manuela Raffatellu, Soumita Das
Summary: The host engulfment protein ELMO1 interacts with WxxxE effectors like SifA, influencing intestinal inflammation and bacterial pathogenicity. The ELMO1-WxxxE effector interaction plays a crucial role in regulating bacterial colonization, dissemination, and induction of inflammatory cytokines. It has been found that the interaction between ELMO1 and WxxxE motif-containing effectors, such as SifA, not only affects the pathogenicity of enteric pathogens but also plays a role in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular activities.
Article
Immunology
Malene Hove-Skovsgaard, Dina Leth Moller, Annemette Hald, Jan Gerstoft, Jens Lundgren, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Susanne Dam Nielsen
Summary: Impairment of the innate immune function is common in people with HIV, especially those with low CD4+ T-cell count. Combinational antiretroviral therapy can improve the innate immune response, but some level of impairment remains.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Stephanie Jost
Summary: In this study, Li et al. reveal an association between HLA-B*46:01 and HIV disease progression in Asian populations, suggesting that NK cell inhibition plays a role in the loss of HIV control.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan-Gowth Chang, Siang-Jyun Tu, Chung-Ming Huang, Yu-Chia Chen, Hui-Shan Chiang, Ya-Ting Lee, Ju-Chen Yen, Chia-Li Lin, Chin-Chun Chung, Ta-Chih Liu, Ya-Sian Chang
Summary: This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatic tools to reveal cell subpopulations and their gene signatures in the blood and synovial fluid of gout patients. It identifies specific cell types that are enriched or more abundant in patients with acute gout compared to healthy subjects, and evaluates the inflammatory and energy levels of these subpopulations. The study also detects specific cell-cell interactions in the cells of patients with acute gout.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Etty Kruzel-Davila, Barbara Mensah Sankofi, Ernestine Kubi Amos-Abanyie, Anita Ghansah, Alexander Nyarko, Seth Agyemang, Gordon A. Awandare, Moran Szwarcwort-Cohen, Anat Reiner-Benaim, Basem Hijazi, Ifeoma Ulasi, Yemi Raheem Raji, Vincent Boima, Charlotte Osafo, Victoria May Adabayeri, Michael Matekole, Timothy O. Olanrewaju, Samuel Ajayi, Manmak Mamven, Sampson Antwi, Adebowale D. Ademola, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Fatiu Arogundade, Priscilla Abena Akyaw, Cheryl A. Winkler, Babatunde L. Salako, Akinlolu Ojo, Karl Skorecki, Dwomoa Adu
Summary: Variants in the APOL1 gene are associated with an increased risk of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease and HIV associated nephropathy. Carrying two APOL1 risk alleles increases the risk of these kidney diseases, as well as HIV infectivity.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Virology
Louise D. V. du Toit, Andrea Prinsloo, Helen C. Steel, Ute Feucht, Roan Louw, Theresa M. Rossouw
Summary: With the success of mother-to-child prevention programs for women with HIV, vertical transmission has decreased significantly. However, the number of children exposed to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in utero is increasing. Children who are HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (CHEU) have persistent health disparities compared to children who are HIV-unexposed-and-uninfected (CHUU), including immune dysfunction, inflammation, cognitive and metabolic abnormalities, and higher morbidity and mortality. The reasons for these disparities are largely unknown. This review highlights the potential link between immunometabolic abnormalities and clinical pathologies in CHEU and emphasizes the importance of addressing their healthcare needs.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saad Khan, Helen Luck, Shawn Winer, Daniel A. Winer
Summary: The interaction between intestinal microbiota and immune system is crucial in intestinal health, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing better therapeutic options.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Anthony J. St Leger, David M. Koelle, Paul R. Kinchington, Georges Michel G. M. Verjans
Summary: HSV-1 genomes persist in trigeminal ganglia neuronal nuclei as chromatinized episomes, while epithelial cells are typically killed by lytic infection. The ganglionic immune response includes cell-intrinsic responses in neurons, innate sensing by several cell types, and the infiltration and persistence of antigen-specific T-cells. The contrasting fates of HSV-1 in neurons and epithelial cells may involve differential genome silencing and chromatinization, modulation by viral tegument proteins, and protection of neurons by autophagy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
