Article
Behavioral Sciences
Andrea Zemba Cilic, Mladen Zemba, Matija Cilic, Igor Balenovic, Sanja Strbe, Spomenko Ilic, Jaksa Vukojevic, Zoran Zoricic, Igor Filipcic, Antonio Kokot, Domagoj Drmic, Alenka Boban Blagaic, Ante Tvrdeic, Sven Seiwerth, Predrag Sikiric
Summary: In the rat models, BPC 157 and L-arginine counteracted schizophrenia-like symptoms, while L-NAME was ineffective in some cases. Further studies are needed to determine the precise relationships between BPC 157, dopamine, glutamate, and the NO system for potential clinical applications.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhao-hua Deng, Jing Zhong, Hai-lin Jiang, Hyun-Woo Jeong, Jian-wei Chen, Ya-hai Shu, Ming Tan, Ralf H. Adams, Ke-ping Xie, Qi Chen, Yang Liu
Summary: Antipsychotic agent haloperidol induces vascular defects in bone marrow, affecting hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. This effect is reversible after withdrawal of haloperidol. Mechanistically, haloperidol blocks the secretion of VEGF-A from HSPCs.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Konstantinos Tsamakis, Christoph Mueller, Ioannis Hortis, Maria Kallergi, Ioannis Tolos, Evangelos Alevyzakis, Nikolaos Siafakas, Andreas Ouranidis, Dimitrios Tsiptsios, Stylianos Kympouropoulos, Demetrios A. Spandidos, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Emmanouil Rizos
Summary: The study aimed to assess the association between first and second generation antipsychotic medication and raised eosinophil count. Patients receiving Olanzapine, Haloperidol, and Aripiprazole showed an increase in eosinophil count over time, but there was no difference between individual medications. Larger studies with more patients and longer follow-up are needed for a definitive conclusion.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Anton Schulmann, Stefano Marenco, Marquis P. Vawter, Nirmala Akula, Agenor Limon, Ajeet Mandal, Pavan K. Auluck, Yash Patel, Barbara K. Lipska, Francis J. McMahon
Summary: Recent postmortem transcriptomic studies have found many differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia, but the relationship between these gene expression changes and antipsychotic drug exposure is uncertain. Comparing gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients who were positive or negative for antipsychotic drugs at the time of death, we found that drug exposure had significant effects on the brain transcriptome, especially with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Macaque brain transcriptome data also showed that antipsychotic drugs affect the expression of functionally relevant genes, some of which were also changed in schizophrenia. Co-expression modules related to synaptic function had similar patterns in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drug effects, while modules associated with inflammation and glucose metabolism showed predominantly different patterns. Cell-type shifts in schizophrenia were largely unaffected by antipsychotic drug use. These findings suggest that antipsychotic drugs may confound gene expression changes related to schizophrenia in postmortem brain tissue, and unraveling these effects can help identify causal genes and improve our understanding of the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lauren B. Gerlach, Lan Zhang, Julie Strominger, Hyungjin Myra Kim, Joan Teno, Julie P. W. Bynum, Donovan T. Maust
Summary: The study found that the prescribing rate of hospice agencies is the strongest predictor of whether hospice enrollees receive benzodiazepines or antipsychotics as a new prescription, exceeding other patient-level factors.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elias D. Mouchlianitis, Lucy D. Vanes, Derek K. Tracy, Anne-Katherin Fett, Daniel Joyce, Sukhi S. Shergill
Summary: Glutamatergic dysfunction is associated with treatment resistance in individuals with schizophrenia. This study used neurochemical and functional brain imaging methods to investigate glutamatergic dysfunction and reward processing in treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia. The results suggest that glutamatergic differences can differentiate treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia, which has potential diagnostic value.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yichi Zhang, James M. Wilkins, Lily Gui Bessette, Cassandra York, Vincent Wong, Kueiyu Joshua Lin
Summary: This retrospective cohort study investigated the discontinuation rates and patient characteristics of antipsychotic medications (APMs) used to treat delirium following infection-related hospitalization among older US adults. The study found that the discontinuation rate of haloperidol was significantly higher compared to atypical APMs, and there was an increasing trend in haloperidol discontinuation rates in recent years.
Article
Psychiatry
Rizaldy C. Zapata, Besma S. Chaudry, Mariela Lopez Valencia, Dinghong Zhang, Scott A. Ochsner, Neil J. McKenna, Olivia Osborn
Summary: Research shows that weight gain may be related to inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling nodes, which have broader roles in metabolism in the body.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Alicia J. Rybicki, Sophie L. Sowden, Bianca Schuster, Jennifer L. Cook
Summary: Some theories suggest that humans have specialized learning mechanisms for social learning, while others argue that the same neural pathways are involved in both social and individual learning. This study provides evidence that dopamine, a neurochemical in the brain, modulates social learning when it is the primary learning source but not when it is an additional element. These findings suggest that the brain can process both social and non-social cues and prioritize them based on their relevance to the task at hand.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joao F. C. Pedrazzi, Amanda J. Sales, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Samia R. L. Joca, Jose A. S. Crippa, Elaine Del Bel
Summary: CBD demonstrates acute antipsychotic-like effects that can last for 24 hours and has the potential to modulate DNA methylation in the brain, providing a new mechanism for its antipsychotic effects.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biology
Orit Nafcha, Uri Hertz
Summary: Conflicting evidence on brain processing of social and individual learning arises from the type of information presented as the main source of knowledge in experiments.
Article
Immunology
Shao-rui Hao, Yuan-yue Zhou, Xue Zhang, Hai-yin Jiang
Summary: This study explored the changes in the gut bacterial microbiome in AP-exposed children with obesity. The findings showed that AP users, regardless of their body mass index, had decreased microbial richness and diversity compared to the control group. The AP-exposed children also had differences in microbial functions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Subash Raj Susai, Melanie Foecking, David Mongan, Meike Heurich, Fiona Coutts, Alice Egerton, Tony Whetton, Inge Winter-van Rossum, Richard D. Unwin, Thomas A. Pollak, Mark Weiser, Marion Leboyer, Dan Rujescu, Jonah F. Byrne, George W. Gifford, Paola Dazzan, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Rene S. Kahn, David R. Cotter, Philip McGuire
Summary: The levels of plasma complement and coagulation pathway proteins may be related to the response to antipsychotic treatment. Higher levels of several complement and coagulation pathway proteins are associated with a reduction in psychotic symptoms and an improvement in functioning.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Cristina Delgado-Sallent, Pau Nebot, Thomas Gener, Amanda B. Fath, Melina Timplalexi, M. Victoria Puig
Summary: Neural synchrony and functional connectivity are disrupted in schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotic drugs, but not typical antipsychotic drugs, can reduce prefrontal and cortical-hippocampal hypersynchrony induced by psychosis-like states, suggesting that atypical antipsychotic drugs target prefrontal-hippocampal pathways for antipsychotic action. Serotonin receptors may play a selective role in the distinct effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs compared to typical antipsychotic drugs.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Letao Li, Sebastiaan D. T. Sassen, Mathieu van der Jagt, Henrik Endeman, Birgit C. P. Koch, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld
Summary: This study aimed to establish a pharmacokinetic model to describe the pharmacokinetics of Haloperidol in ICU patients and explore the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and Haloperidol clearance.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Poppy Watson, Ananda Vasudevan, Daniel Pearson, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: The study utilized a visual-search paradigm to investigate involuntary attentional capture by food and drink rewards, finding that participants were more often captured by the distractor signaling valuable outcomes. Additionally, individuals scoring high on eating restraint demonstrated better control over reflexive attention to desirable food rewards.
Article
Substance Abuse
Chang Liu, Murat Yucel, Chao Suo, Mike E. Le Pelley, Jeggan Tiego, Kristian Rotaru, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Lucy Albertella
Summary: This study examined the association between reward-related attentional capture and reward, fear, and habit drinking motives, and how these interactions impact problematic drinking patterns. Results showed that greater attentional capture was associated with reward motives and interacted with fear motives in relation to alcohol consumption. These findings highlight the importance of cognition and motives in problematic drinking, indicating different potential pathways based on an individual's cognitive-motivational profile.
EUROPEAN ADDICTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology
Mike E. Le Pelley, Rhonda Ung, Chisato Mine, Steven B. Most, Poppy Watson, Daniel Pearson, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: Existing research shows that attentional prioritization of salient nontarget stimuli is influenced by reward learning and statistical learning. This study manipulated the value and location of salient distractors in visual search, and found that these effects operate independently and determine overall attentional prioritization. The findings suggest that attention is mediated by a common priority map that integrates separate signals of physical salience and value.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Daniel Pearson, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: Stimuli signaling large rewards tend to capture attention and gaze more effectively than those signaling small or no rewards, even when this may prevent reward delivery. Both the signaling and response relationships between stimuli and rewards play a role in attentional selection, with the response relationship encouraging a reactive distractor suppression process. Eye movement analyses suggest that this suppression process operates through a rapid disengagement mechanism, highlighting the multifaceted role of stimulus-reward relationships in attentional selection.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yonatan Vanunu, Jared M. Hotaling, Mike E. Le Pelley, Ben R. Newell
Summary: The study shows that initial attention in risky choice is driven by perceptual properties of the stimulus, while subsequent choices are more influenced by goal-driven factors. Options with the highest values and largest font sizes have the greatest impact on choice, while distractors may attract attention but do not affect actual decision-making.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jessica C. Lee, Mike E. Le Pelley, Peter F. Lovibond
Summary: The practice of testing without feedback in associative learning experiments is an appropriate way of assessing learning, but it may lead to regression towards intermediate ratings under certain conditions.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Phillip (Xin) Cheng, Anina N. Rich, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: This study demonstrates that reward can rapidly modulate visual perception without the need for conscious awareness, providing behavioral evidence for this rapid reward modulation effect.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Poppy Watson, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food restriction and attentional and inhibitory control, and found no evidence that increased eating restraint is related to impaired cognitive control or increased cognitive bias for food in non-clinical samples.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Samantha Mikhael, Poppy Watson, Brian A. Anderson, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: Recent research has shown that individuals tend to pay attention to threat-related stimuli, even when it may lead to counterproductive outcomes. Experiment results demonstrate that even when explicitly aware that focusing on threat-related stimuli causes unpleasant events, individuals continue to pay attention, supporting the idea that threat-related stimuli are automatically prioritized by our attentional system.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Daniel Pearson, Poppy Watson, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: Researchers have found that prior experience not only suppresses attention to salient distractors by inhibiting their attentional priority, but can also increase the priority of specific features through reward. These competing influences of selection history independently modulate attentional selection.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sinia Sareen, Frances L. Doyle, Lindsay J. Kemp, Jaimie C. Northam, Bronte G. Morgan, Eva R. Kimonis, Jenny L. Richmond, Mike E. Le Pelley, Valsamma Eapen, Paul J. Frick, David J. Hawes, Caroline Moul, Divya Mehta, Mark R. Dadds
Summary: The study found that attentional bias towards threat is not characteristic of infants at 11 months old, and negative affect does not moderate the relationship between attention and emotional faces in this age group.
Article
Developmental Biology
Frances L. Doyle, Louis Klein, Lindsay J. Kemp, Caroline Moul, Jenny L. Richmond, Valsamma Eapen, Paul J. Frick, Eva R. Kimonis, David J. Hawes, Mike E. Le Pelley, Divya Mehta, Mark R. Dadds
Summary: There is evidence that infants can learn preferences through evaluative conditioning to socioemotional stimuli, but the early development of evaluative conditioning and the factors that may explain infants' capacity to learn through evaluative conditioning are not well understood.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Richard W. Morris, Amir Dezfouli, Kristi R. Griffiths, Mike E. Le Pelley, Bernard W. Balleine
Summary: From an associative perspective, encoding specific action-outcome associations is crucial for acquiring new goal-directed actions. Although competitive architectures have been proposed in associative learning theory, it remains unclear how these architectures are implemented by the brain. In this study, we trained human participants to encode various action-outcome associations while undergoing fMRI. We found that degrading one action-outcome contingency selectively reduced performance of the degraded action, and the degradation effect reflected competition between the action and the context for predicting the specific outcome. Our findings suggest that activity in the mPFC and dACC tracks changes in the association of the action and context, respectively, with regard to the specific outcome. Furthermore, the mPFC, striatum, and posterior parietal cortex participate in a network to segregate the influence of competing predictors for establishing specific action-outcome associations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
Oren Griffiths, Bradley N. Jack, Daniel Pearson, Ruth Elijah, Nathan Mifsud, Nathan Han, Sol Libesman, Ana Rita Barreiros, Luke Turnbull, Ryan Balzan, Mike Le Pelley, Anthony Harris, Thomas J. Whitford
Summary: The phenomenon of sensory self-suppression, also known as sensory attenuation, occurs when a person produces a sound by performing an action. The control system predicts and suppresses the vocal sound during speaking, resulting in lower cortical responsiveness compared to passive listening. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia may be caused by a disruption in self-suppression due to a lack of predictive mechanisms. In this study, patients with schizophrenia exhibited reduced suppression and theta power and coherence, indicating disrupted sensory self-suppression in schizophrenia.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Poppy Watson, Yenti Pavri, Jenny Le, Daniel Pearson, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: This study investigated the automatic attentional orientation to reward cues and found that this counterproductive behavior persists despite negative consequences. The results suggest a habit-like attentional mechanism that prioritizes reward stimuli, regardless of current goals or desires.