Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Khanyisani Ziqubu, Phiwayinkosi Dludla, Sihle E. Mabhida, Babalwa U. Jack, Susanne Keipert, Martin Jastroch, Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
Summary: The discovery and revival of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have opened up new possibilities for treating obesity and metabolic diseases. BAT not only plays a role in generating heat, but also secretes signaling molecules known as batokines, which regulate overall metabolism. This review highlights the importance of BAT-derived metabolites in controlling thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other biological processes, as well as their potential to alleviate obesity and related metabolic complications.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2024)
Article
Cell Biology
Yingdong Zhu, Shuwei Hu, Xiaoli Pan, Raja Gopoju, Fathima Cassim N. Bawa, Liya Yin, Yanyong Xu, Yanqiao Zhang
Summary: SIRT6, a histone deacetylase, regulates various biological processes. It has been found that hepatic SIRT6 can inhibit the development of NAFLD, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Mechanistically, hepatocyte SIRT6 likely inhibits NAFLD by regulating lipogenesis, lipid droplet formation, and p53 signaling, and inhibits atherosclerosis by regulating intestinal lipid absorption and hepatic VLDL secretion.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shanu Jain, Sai P. Pydi, Young-Hwan Jung, Mirko Scortichini, Efrat L. Kesner, Tadeusz P. Karcz, Donald N. Cook, Oksana Gavrilova, Jurgen Wess, Kenneth A. Jacobson
Summary: Obesity is a major factor in the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes, with elevated plasma free fatty acids contributing to insulin resistance; adipocyte P2Y(14)Rs play a crucial role in regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis, with their absence enhancing lipolysis, reducing body weight, and improving glucose tolerance; P2Y(14)R antagonists may hold therapeutic potential for obesity and T2D by inhibiting lipolysis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James R. Tribble, Amin Otmani, Shanshan Sun, Sevannah A. Ellis, Gloria Cimaglia, Rupali Vohra, Melissa Joe, Emma Lardner, Abinaya P. Venkataraman, Alberto Dominguez-Vicent, Eirini Kokkali, Seungsoo Rho, Gauti Johnnesson, Robert W. Burgess, Peter G. Fuerst, Rune Brautaset, Miriam Kolko, James E. Morgan, Jonathan G. Crowston, Marcela Votruba, Pete A. Williams
Summary: Research has shown that nicotinamide has neuroprotective effects on neurons affected in glaucoma, preventing metabolic disruption and increasing oxidative phosphorylation in cells to reduce firing frequency of neurons.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hewen Jiang, Dijie Li, Ying Han, Nanxi Li, Xiaohui Tao, Jin Liu, Zongkang Zhang, Yuanyuan Yu, Luyao Wang, Sifan Yu, Ning Zhang, Huan Xiao, Xin Yang, Yihao Zhang, Ge Zhang, Bao-Ting Zhang
Summary: Lipid and glucose metabolism are crucial for human activities and their dysregulation can lead to diabetes and obesity. Recent studies have shown that the bone, acting as an endocrine organ, plays a role in systemic metabolism through bone-derived molecules. Sclerostin, a protein produced by osteocytes, not only inhibits bone formation but also affects lipid and glucose metabolism. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the effects of sclerostin on lipid and glucose metabolism, discusses the progress in sclerostin research, and explores its potential manipulation for obesity and diabetes treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruicheng Shi, Wei Lu, Ye Tian, Bo Wang
Summary: Through the study of Sec16b mice, it was found that intestinal SEC16B plays a key role in regulating obesity and lipid absorption induced by high-fat diet.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Albaraa Mojadadi, Alice Au, Wed Salah, Paul Witting, Gulfam Ahmad
Summary: Selenium is a micronutrient essential for life, with dietary intake within the physiological range critical for human health and reproductive functions. However, uncertainties surrounding how different dietary selenium sources are processed in the body and the optimal intake levels have led to imprecision in dietary guidelines, controversies, and adverse outcomes. This review aims to explore the sources of selenium, metabolic pathways, and its critical role in thyroid gland and reproductive functions, while also addressing controversies in clinical practice and proposing future directions.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sara Amjad, Sabah Nisar, Ajaz A. Bhat, Ab Rauf Shah, Michael P. Frenneaux, Khalid Fakhro, Mohammad Haris, Ravinder Reddy, Zoltan Patay, Joseph Baur, Puneet Bagga
Summary: NAD(+) plays a critical role in cellular bioenergetics and its depletion is associated with various diseases, making boosting NAD(+) levels a potential therapeutic strategy. However, the specific mechanisms of NAD(+) action require further investigation.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Oberto, Ilaria Bertocchi, Angela Longo, Sara Bonzano, Silvia Paterlini, Clara Meda, Sara Della Torre, Paola Palanza, Adriana Maggi, Carola Eva
Summary: Conditional inactivation of the Npy1r gene in forebrain principal neurons leads to a sexually dimorphic phenotype in mice, with male mice showing more significant effects than females. Additionally, the conditional deletion of the Npy1r gene in male mice increases susceptibility to obesity when exposed to a high-fat diet. In female mice, the conditional deletion of the Npy1r gene increases body weight and subcutaneous white adipose tissue weight in both standard diet and high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized females, possibly mediated by the NPY-Y1R's ability to protect the brain against neuroinflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Ying Li, Qiong Ouyang, Xu Li, Raphael N. N. Alolgal, Yuanming Fan, Yangyang Sun, Hang Gong, Pingxi Xiao, Gaoxiang Ma
Summary: In this study, the lipid-lowering effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) were investigated using a meta-analysis, animal experiments, and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that GP can effectively reduce triglyceride levels and improve blood lipid metabolism by regulating the intestinal microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Yuhong Guo, Bin Lv, Renfeng Liu, Zhengzai Dai, Feifei Zhang, Yiping Liang, Bo Yu, Duo Zeng, Xiao-Bin Lv, Zhiping Zhang
Summary: Tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming involving crucial roles of amino acid metabolism in cancer progression, with long non-coding RNAs being key players in cancer tissues and partaking in regulation by interacting with other macromolecular substances.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Bin-Bin Zhang, Lu Gao, Qin Yang, Yuan Liu, Xiao-Yue Yu, Ji-Hong Shen, Wen-Cai Zhang, Zhan-Ying Han, Shao-Ze Chen, Sen Guo
Summary: Pathological myocardial hypertrophy is regulated by multiple pathways, and the study demonstrated the role of GALNT4 in myocardial hypertrophy. GALNT4 acts by blocking the activation of the ASK1 signaling cascade to affect the degree of hypertrophy and cardiac function.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Agronomy
Anamika Pandey, Mohd. Kamran Khan, Mehmet Hamurcu, Tabinda Athar, Bayram Ali Yerlikaya, Seher Yerlikaya, Musa Kavas, Anjana Rustagi, Sajad Majeed Zargar, Parvaze A. Sofi, Bharti Chaudhry, Ali Topal, Sait Gezgin
Summary: The review focuses on the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on plant growth under abiotic stresses, including heavy metal stress, element deficiency or toxicity stress, salt stress, drought stress, ultraviolet radiation stress, waterlogging stress, and chilling stress. The study discusses the role of NO as a signaling molecule in endogenous production and the mechanisms through which NO alleviates abiotic stress on external supply. Deciphering the underlying mechanism of exogenous NO treatment may contribute to successful application of NO in agriculture to mitigate the damaging influences of abiotic stresses.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Virginia Boccardi, Francesca Mancinetti, Marta Baroni, Roberta Cecchetti, Patrizia Bastiani, Carmelinda Ruggiero, Patrizia Mecocci
Summary: The study found that plasma levels of EGF, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 are closely associated with insulin resistance in women, with BMI being a significant mediator. This suggests that the association between cytokines and insulin resistance is gender-specific.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaili Ma, Lina Sun, Mingjing Shen, Xin Zhang, Zhen Xiao, Jiajia Wang, Xiaowei Liu, Kanqiu Jiang, F. Xiao-Feng Qin, Feng Guo, Baojun Zhang, Lianjun Zhang
Summary: NAD(+) degradation and CD38 play a role in regulating the antitumor immunity of CD8(+) T cells. Partially reversing T cell dysfunction, Cd38 deficiency does not affect the exhausted differentiation of CD8(+) T cells in tumors. Decreased NAD(+) is correlated with T cell dysfunction, but deficiency of CD38 alone is not enough to rescue NAD(+) in tumor infiltrated CD8(+) T cells.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silvia Magno, Giovanni Ceccarini, Andrea Barison, Iacopo Fabiani, Alessandro Giacomina, Donatella Gilio, Caterina Pelosini, Anna Rubegni, Michele Emdin, Gian Luca Gatti, Filippo Maria Santorelli, Maria Rita Sessa, Ferruccio Santini
Summary: LMNA p.R545H heterozygous variant exhibits incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity, with patients showing marked clinical heterogeneity in terms of phenotypic body fat distribution and severity of organ system involvement. Additional genetic factors, epigenetic mechanisms, or environmental triggers may explain the variable expressivity of phenotypes among various patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Pedro Reimunde, Alba Pensado-Lopez, Martin Carreira Crende, Vanesa Lombao Iglesias, Laura Sanchez, Marta Torrecilla-Parra, Cristina M. Ramirez, Clement Anfray, Fernando Torres Andon
Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly challenging brain tumor with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Research on cellular heterogeneity and genetic alterations has led to the development of zebrafish models for studying GBM physiopathology and testing new drugs, offering hope for improved diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Daniele, Claudia Lunghi, Angela Dardano, Paola Binda, Giovanni Ceccarini, Ferruccio Santini, Laura Giusti, Annamaria Ciccarone, Rosario Bellini, Carlo Moretto, Maria Concetta Morrone, Stefano Del Prato
Summary: This study found that bariatric surgery (RYGB) has a significant impact on improving visual neural plasticity (NP) in individuals with obesity, possibly mediated by improved insulin sensitivity, increased GLP-1 levels, and reduced leptin levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Tews, Ansgar Schulz, Christian Denzer, Julia von Schnurbein, Giovanni Ceccarini, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Martin Wabitsch
Summary: HSCT-associated lipodystrophies may be seen as a novel form of acquired lipodystrophy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fernando Corvillo, Laura Gonzalez-Sanchez, Alberto Lopez-Lera, Emilia Arjona, Giovanni Ceccarini, Ferruccio Santini, David Araujo-Vilar, Rebecca J. Brown, Joan Villarroya, Francesc Villarroya, Santiago Rodriguez de Cordoba, Teresa Caballero, Pilar Nozal, Margarita Lopez-Trascasa
Summary: The study found significantly elevated FD levels in BSS patients, with a strong positive correlation between FD and age in BSS. While a positive correlation between FD and C3 was seen in C3G patients, no correlation was detected in BSS. Gene expression studies in BSS adipose tissue showed decreased CFD and C3 levels but elevated C5 transcript levels. This suggests that FD may serve as a reliable diagnostic biomarker for the pathophysiology of BSS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giovanni Ceccarini, Silvia Magno, Donatella Gilio, Caterina Pelosini, Ferruccio Santini
Summary: Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare disorders characterized by the deficiency of adipose tissue, classified based on fat loss extent or pathogenic mechanisms. Acquired lipodystrophies may be immune-mediated, necessitating further research supported by international disease registries.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Perez-Garcia, Marta Torrecilla-Parra, Mario Fernandez-de Frutos, Yolanda Martin-Martin, Virginia Pardo-Marques, Cristina M. M. Ramirez
Summary: Insulin resistance is a condition that impairs the biological response to insulin action in target tissues, leading to the development of various metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs and RNA-binding proteins play a crucial role in regulating key genes in the insulin signaling pathway, impacting human metabolic diseases at the molecular level.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessio Basolo, Silvia Magno, Ferruccio Santini, Giovanni Ceccarini
Summary: The dysregulation between energy intake and energy expenditure is one of the mechanisms responsible for obesity. The ketogenic diet has gained attention as a potential weight-loss strategy, increasing blood ketone levels. Initially, energy expenditure may increase during the ketogenic diet, but it may decrease later on.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
G. Ceccarini, D. Gilio, S. Magno, C. Pelosini, M. Leverone, C. Miceli, A. Barison, I Fabiani, M. Emdin, F. Santini
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can worsen cardiovascular conditions in patients with lipodystrophy, especially those with LMNA mutations. Vigilant follow-up and vaccination coverage are important for this high-risk population.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jose Maria Medina-Gil, Ana Perez-Garcia, Pedro Saavedra-Santana, Asuncion Diaz-Carrasco, Efren Martinez-Quintana, Fayna Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Cristina M. Ramirez, Marta Riano, Paloma Garay-Sanchez, Antonio Tugores
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether genetic variants affecting the activity of CCL2 and CCL7 were associated with cardiovascular disease. The research found that a variant in the CCL7 gene transcript was associated with decreased cardiovascular risk, potentially playing a meaningful role in the development of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Angela Dardano, Gayane Aghakhanyan, Carlo Moretto, Annamaria Ciccarone, Rosario Bellini, Veronica Sancho Bornez, Giovanni Ceccarini, Ferruccio Santini, Duccio Volterrani, Stefano Del Prato, Giuseppe Daniele
Summary: Bariatric surgery improves CMRg directly related to better cognitive testing results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yolanda Martin-Martin, Ana Perez-Garcia, Marta Torrecilla-Parra, Mario Fernandez-de Frutos, Virginia Pardo-Marques, Maria Jose Casarejos, Rebeca Busto, Cristina M. Ramirez
Summary: IDE is implicated in the relation between AD, T2DM, and hyperinsulinemia. The regulation of IDE expression is not well understood, but recent research indicates that miR-7, miR-125, miR-490, and miR-199, as well as RNA binding proteins, may play a role in post-transcriptional regulation of IDE. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases including AD and T2DM.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Noemi Rotllan, Xinbo Zhang, Alberto Canfran-Duque, Leigh Goedeke, Raquel Grinan, Cristina M. Ramirez, Yajaira Suarez, Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
Summary: miR-148a-3p plays an important regulatory role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Inhibition of miR-148a can reduce plaque size and promote plaque stability, possibly through regulating macrophage cholesterol efflux and the inflammatory response.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Juan Francisco Aranda, Ana Perez-Garcia, Marta Torrecilla-Parra, Mario Fernandez-de Frutos, Yolanda Martin-Martin, Pedro A. Mateos-Gomez, Virginia Pardo-Marques, Rebeca Busto, Cristina M. Ramirez
Summary: Hypoxia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of atherosclerotic lesions. miR-199a-5p and ABCA1 are inversely regulated by hypoxia and Ac-LDL, and their interaction can control macrophage cholesterol efflux during the onset of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)