Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heather Ballance, Bokai Zhu
Summary: Biological oscillations often cycle at different harmonics of the 24-hour circadian rhythms, but the 12-hour oscillation is also evolutionarily conserved and gaining attention. The 12-hour rhythms are mainly regulated by XBP1s, generating cycles of gene expression.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaomeng Liu, Niuben Cao, Xinchan Liu, Yu Deng, Yu Xin, Ruobing Fu, Xirui Xin, Yubo Hou, Weixian Yu
Summary: Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating the body's homeostasis, and circadian rhythm disorders can have detrimental effects on metabolic and immune functions. However, the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders and periodontitis has not been well studied. This research aimed to investigate the role of the circadian rhythm control gene BMAL1 in periodontitis. The results showed that downregulation of BMAL1 in circadian rhythm disorder-induced periodontitis led to significant alveolar bone resorption, increased osteoclast differentiation, upregulation of the inflammatory signaling molecule NF-kappa B, elevated apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in periodontal tissues. This study suggests that BMAL1 is a key regulator in periodontitis exacerbated by circadian rhythm disorders, highlighting a potential avenue for periodontitis treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yi Qin, Zhong-hua Chen, Jun-Jie Wu, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Zheng-Dong Yuan, Dan-Yang Guo, Meng-Nan Chen, Xia Li, Feng-Lai Yuan
Summary: The circadian clock plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism, including bone loss. Clock-related genes control signaling pathways and transcription factors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, while also regulating osteocytes and endothelial cells. Furthermore, the regulation of circadian clock genes by novel modulators presents a potential strategy for preventing and treating bone diseases.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Sabrina Klemz, Thomas Wallach, Sandra Korge, Mechthild Rosing, Roman Klemz, Bert Maier, Nicholas C. Fiorenza, Irem Kaymak, Anna K. Fritzsche, Erik D. Herzog, Ralf Stanewsky, Achim Kramer
Summary: In organisms with circadian clocks, the post-translational modifications of clock proteins, particularly phosphorylation, play a crucial role in controlling circadian rhythms. Protein phosphatase 4 (PPP4) and its regulatory subunit PPP4R2 have been identified as critical components in mammals and Drosophila, affecting the circadian system by regulating phosphorylation and transactivation activity of CLOCK/BMAL1.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Biology
Suil Kim, Douglas G. McMahon
Summary: This study reveals that light input to the SCN can change the waveform of molecular clockworks, marking clock advances and delays at simulated dawn and dusk. The changes in waveform seem to be greatest in the ventrolateral SCN, while the effects on period are greatest in the dorsomedial SCN, suggesting spatiotemporally distinct responses within the SCN neural network.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Ueli Schibler
Summary: Mammalian body cells have cell-autonomous and self-sustained circadian oscillators relying on delayed negative feedback loops in gene expression. Transcriptional activation and repression, as well as post-translational mechanisms like phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, play crucial roles in setting the pace of these timekeepers. The study by Klemz and colleagues in Genes & Development demonstrates how dephosphorylation of BMAL1 by protein phosphatase 4 (PPP4) participates in the modulation of circadian timing.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Min Chen, Yanke Lin, Yongkang Dang, Yifei Xiao, Fugui Zhang, Guanghui Sun, Xuejun Jiang, Li Zhang, Jianhao Du, Shuyi Duan, Xiaojian Zhang, Zifei Qin, Jing Yang, Kaisheng Liu, Baojian Wu
Summary: This study reveals that the intestinal clock plays a crucial role in regulating liver rhythmicity and metabolism. The loss of the intestinal clock leads to a large-scale reprogramming of the liver transcriptome and alters hepatic metabolism. The intestinal clock controls the rhythmicity of the hepatic transcription factor SREBP-1c, which further affects hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. These findings suggest that targeting intestinal rhythms may be a new approach for improving metabolic health.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Annika F. Barber, Shi Yi Fong, Anna Kolesnik, Michael Fetchko, Amita Sehgal
Summary: Regulation of circadian behavior and physiology by the Drosophila brain clock requires communication from central clock neurons to downstream output regions. Morning and evening clock neurons have time-of-day-dependent connectivity to the pars intercerebralis, which is regulated by specific peptides and fast neurotransmitters. This study provides insights into mechanisms by which clock neurons signal to nonclock cells to drive rhythms of behavior.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sebastian Larion, Caleb A. Padgett, Joshua T. Butcher, James D. Mintz, David J. Fulton, David W. Stepp
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to the disruption of the liver's biological clock, and nobiletin can improve NAFLD by restoring the biological clock. The study suggests that nobiletin reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and alleviates steatosis in obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Savino, Claudio Carmine Guida, Maria Nardella, Emanuele Murgo, Bartolomeo Augello, Giuseppe Merla, Salvatore De Cosmo, Antonio Fernando Savino, Roberto Tarquini, Francesco Cei, Filippo Aucella, Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
Summary: This article investigates the relationship between heme biosynthesis disorders and altered expression of circadian genes, finding that changes in circadian gene expression may be associated with the symptoms and signs of porphyria patients.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yong Uk Jeong, Hyo-Eon Jin, Hye Young Lim, Goyeong Choi, Hansol Joo, Bohun Kang, Ga-Hyun Lee, Kwang-Hyeon Liu, Han-Joo Maeng, Sooyoung Chung, Gi Hoon Son, Jong-Wha Jung
Summary: Non-ethoxypropanoic acid-type inhibitors were developed as potent enhancers of E-box-mediated transcription, showing promising metabolic and pharmacokinetic profiles. These inhibitors directly bound to both CRY1 and 2, and exhibited significant effects on molecular circadian rhythmicity as circadian clock-enhancers.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li-Ping Liu, Meng-Huan Li, Yun-Wen Zheng
Summary: Clock genes in hair follicles are regulated by both the central circadian system and external factors such as light and thyroid hormones. They play a role in regulating physiological processes of hair follicles, including hair growth and pigmentation. Hair follicles can serve as a noninvasive method for monitoring circadian-rhythm-related conditions in humans, and combining hair follicle sampling with other assays can improve their applications. Hair follicles provide insights into potential mechanisms of circadian-rhythm-related conditions and can support personalized treatment scheduling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chihiro Suzuki, Satoshi Fukumitsu, Hideaki Oike
Summary: The study found that some triterpenoids can reset the phase of circadian clocks, including corosolic acid, cucurbitacin B, and celastrol. These compounds can not only shift the phase bilaterally, but also act as synchronizers in desynchronized cells. Additionally, they have been shown to be effective in tissue explants in mice and can shorten the period length of cells, potentially helping regulate circadian clocks in daily life.
Review
Cell Biology
Zainab Taleb, Phillip Karpowicz
Summary: The circadian clock is a molecular timekeeper that regulates 24-hour rhythms in animals, impacting behavior and physiology, including metabolic and digestive systems. Animal models targeting circadian clock genes have shown their role in regulating liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and obesity. Thus, the circadian clock plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic and digestive health.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weitian Li, Zixu Wang, Jing Cao, Yulan Dong, Yaoxing Chen
Summary: The ubiquity of biological rhythms in life suggests that they are the result of natural selection in evolution. The origin of the biological clock has two possible hypotheses: the selective pressure hypothesis of the oxidative stress cycle and the light evasion hypothesis. Furthermore, the biological clock enhances the adaptability of organisms. Two mechanisms of biological clocks have been discovered: the negative feedback loop of transcription-translation (TTFL) and the post-translational oscillation mechanism (PTO). The TTFL mechanism is commonly found in eukaryotes and is considered the most classic and conservative circadian clock oscillation mechanism. The PTO mechanism, based on the Peroxiredoxin (PRX or PRDX) protein, is the oscillation mechanism of the biological clock in prokaryotes and is widely present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic life. The coexistence of the PTO and TTFL mechanisms in eukaryotes raises the question of their relationship. Finally, it is speculated that there may be a driving force for the evolution of biological clocks, with a possible evolutionary trend from the PTO mechanism to the TTFL mechanism as organisms adapt to their environment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Lueck, Pal O. Westermark
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2016)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Paul F. Thaben, Pal O. Westermark
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Pal O. Westermark
Article
Biology
Michael E. Hughes, Katherine C. Abruzzi, Ravi Allada, Ron Anafi, Alaaddin Bulak Arpat, Gad Asher, Pierre Baldi, Charissa de Bekker, Deborah Bell-Pedersen, Justin Blau, Steve Brown, M. Fernanda Ceriani, Zheng Chen, Joanna C. Chiu, Juergen Cox, Alexander M. Crowell, Jason P. DeBruyne, Derk-Jan Dijk, Luciano DiTacchio, Francis J. Doyle, Giles E. Duffield, Jay C. Dunlap, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Karyn A. Esser, Garret A. FitzGerald, Daniel B. Forger, Lauren J. Francey, Ying-Hui Fu, Frederic Gachon, David Gatfield, Paul de Goede, Susan S. Golden, Carla Green, John Harer, Stacey Harmer, Jeff Haspel, Michael H. Hastings, Hanspeter Herzel, Erik D. Herzog, Christy Hoffmann, Christian Hong, Jacob J. Hughey, Jennifer M. Hurley, Horacio O. de la Iglesia, Carl Johnson, Steve A. Kay, Nobuya Koike, Karl Kornacker, Achim Kramer, Katja Lamia, Tanya Leise, Scott A. Lewis, Jiajia Li, Xiaodong Li, Andrew C. Liu, Jennifer J. Loros, Tami A. Martino, Jerome S. Menet, Martha Merrow, Andrew J. Millar, Todd Mockler, Felix Naef, Emi Nagoshi, Michael N. Nitabach, Maria Olmedo, Dmitri A. Nusinow, Louis J. Ptacek, David Rand, Akhilesh B. Reddy, Maria S. Robles, Till Roenneberg, Michael Rosbash, Marc D. Ruben, Samuel S. C. Rund, Aziz Sancar, Paolo Sassone-Corsi, Amita Sehgal, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Debra J. Skene, Kai-Florian Storch, Joseph S. Takahashi, Hiroki R. Ueda, Han Wang, Charles Weitz, Pal O. Westermark, Herman Wijnen, Ying Xu, Gang Wu, Seung-Hee Yoo, Michael Young, Eric Erquan Zhang, Tomasz Zielinski, John B. Hogenesch
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin Thurley, Christopher Herbst, Felix Wesener, Barbara Koller, Thomas Wallach, Bert Maier, Achim Kramer, Pal O. Westermark
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jingkui Wang, Laura Symul, Jake Yeung, Cedric Gobet, Jonathan Sobel, Sarah Lueck, Pal O. Westermark, Nacho Molina, Felix Naef
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2018)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Erik Arner, Pal O. Westermark, Kirsty L. Spalding, Tom Britton, Mikael Ryden, Jonas Frisen, Samuel Bernard, Peter Arner
Article
Biology
Paul F. Thaben, Pal O. Westermark
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
(2014)
Article
Biology
Anuradha Chauhan, Stefan Legewie, Pal O. Westermark, Stephan Lorenzen, Hanspeter Herzel
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2008)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ute Abraham, Adrian E. Granada, Pal O. Westermark, Markus Heine, Achim Kramer, Hanspeter Herzel
MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
(2010)
Article
Cell Biology
Sarah Lueck, Kevin Thurley, Paul F. Thaben, Pal O. Westermark
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Pal O. Westermark, David K. Welsh, Hitoshi Okamura, Hanspeter Herzel
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Angela Relogio, Pal O. Westermark, Thomas Wallach, Katja Schellenberg, Achim Kramer, Hanspeter Herzel
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2011)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Noreen van der Linden, Tom Cornelis, Dorien M. Kimenai, Lieke J. J. Klinkenberg, Judith M. Hilderink, Sarah Luck, Elisabeth J. R. Litjens, Frederique E. C. M. Peeters, Alexander S. Streng, Tobias Breidthardt, Luc J. C. van Loon, Otto Bekers, Jeroen P. Kooman, Pal O. Westermark, Christian Mueller, Steven J. R. Meex