Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Shamsul Ola
Summary: Obesity has become a serious health problem worldwide, leading to various health complications. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats and found altered insulin receptor signal transduction. These findings contribute to our understanding of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lionel Carneiro, Claire Fenech, Fabienne Lienard, Sylvie Grall, Besma Abed, Joulia Haydar, Camille Allard, Lucie Desmoulins, Romain Paccoud, Marie-Claude Brindisi, Thomas Mouillot, Laurent Brondel, Xavier Fioramonti, Luc Penicaud, Agnes Jacquin-Piques, Corinne Leloup
Summary: This study found that obese and insulin-resistant rats lacking ghrelin exhibited hypersensitivity to glucose and excessive insulin secretion, which could be reversed by ghrelin treatment. These findings suggest that ghrelin modulates glucose hypersensitivity and insulin secretion through regulating mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species signaling.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuo-wen Chang, Toshinori Yoshihara, Takamasa Tsuzuki, Toshiharu Natsume, Ryo Kakigi, Shuichi Machida, Hisashi Naito
Summary: This study investigated whether time-dependent changes in the size of rat soleus muscle after eccentric exercise were mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway. The results showed that the weight and phosphorylation ratio of p70S6K in the soleus muscle were higher in the light phase-trained group, suggesting that the timing of exercise affects muscle hypertrophy.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhu-Jun Mao, Wen-Shu Xia, Fang Chai
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Yunpiheluo (YPHL) on the autophagy pathway in the skeletal muscle of IR Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The results showed that YPHL could increase the autophagy level by regulating the SIRT1-FoxO1 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle, thereby improving lipid metabolism and attenuating IR.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Shoji Tanaka, Pleiades Tiharu Inaoka, Sachiko Madokoro, Toshiaki Yamazaki
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on atrophied skeletal muscle after reloading. The results showed that 70% one-repetition maximum exercise increased the extramyofiber area and central nuclear fiber number after 7 days of reloading, and also led to a larger muscle connective tissue area after 14 days of reloading. However, it was unclear whether this exercise delayed muscle strength recovery.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hiroyuki Takagi, Tatsuya Ikehara, Kumi Hashimoto, Keiichi Tanimoto, Atsuyuki Shimazaki, Yuto Kashiwagi, Shingo Sakamoto, Hideo Yukioka
Summary: ACC2 inhibition reduces diacylglycerol and ceramide accumulation in skeletal muscle, improving insulin resistance in normal and diabetic rats. The metabolic improvements and delayed diabetes progression were strongly correlated with reductions in bioactive lipids.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Marcia Spoelder, Yami Bright, Martine C. Morrison, Veerle van Kempen, Lilian de Groodt, Malvina Begalli, Nikita Schuijt, Eva Kruiger, Ronald Bulthuis, Gabriele Gross, Robert Kleemann, Janna A. van Diepen, Judith R. Homberg, Giovanni Cirillo
Summary: Increased insulin levels may contribute to the development of neural circuits involved in cognition, while chronic mild inflammation may lead to cognitive impairment. This study investigated whether cognition is affected during adolescence in a genetic rat model for obesity and type 2 diabetes. The results showed that adolescent obese rats displayed enhanced cognition despite their early diabetic profile.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Janelle M. Tobias, Gabriela Rajic, Alexander E. G. Viray, David Icka-Araki, James A. Frank
Summary: Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are lipids that target cannabinoid receptors and regulate insulin secretion. The Optically-Cleavable Targeted (OCT)-ligand approach was developed to investigate the mechanisms by which FAAs regulate beta-cell excitability, showing potential for new experimental possibilities in targeted pharmacology.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristina Sharlo, Irina Lvova, Sergey Tyganov, Ksenia Zaripova, Svetlana Belova, Tatiana Kostrominova, Boris Shenkman, Tatiana Nemirovskaya
Summary: Skeletal muscle abnormalities and atrophy during unloading can be attributed to excess calcium accumulation, which may be caused by the inhibition of SERCA activity. Treating with SERCA activator CDN1163 can reduce calcium level, thus preventing negative consequences. In this study, unloading for 7 days led to increased fatigue, decreased mitochondrial markers and slow-type myosin, and disrupted calcium homeostasis in Soleus muscle. These changes were prevented by SERCA activation but had no effect on muscle atrophy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Uri Bright, Irit Akirav
Summary: This study examined the antidepressant effects of CBD and its association with alterations in brain microRNAs. The results suggest that CBD can restore the expression of certain microRNAs and genes related to depression in the brain, which are mediated by the 5HT1a receptor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shira Hirsch, Liad Hinden, Meital Ben -David Naim, Saja Baraghithy, Anna Permyakova, Shahar Azar, Taher Nasser, Emma Portnoy, Majd Agbaria, Alina Nemirovski, Gershon Golomb, Joseph Tam
Summary: The overactivation of the endocannabinoid/CB1R system is a key feature of obesity and its related diseases. However, the use of drugs to block CB1R has been limited by their adverse effects. In this study, a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system was developed to encapsulate a CB1R antagonist for targeted treatment of obesity-related diseases.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Olivier Le Bacquer, Kassandra Lanchais, Kristell Combe, Loic Van Den Berghe, Stephane Walrand
Summary: Sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, is associated with changes in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis, which may be regulated by the endocannabinoid system. The CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant stimulates protein synthesis independently of CB1, suggesting potential for treating sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Atsuki Fukutani, Satoru Hashizume, Tadao Isaka
Summary: The study aimed to clarify the influence of tendon elongation on the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) effect by directly measuring changes in Achilles tendon length. The results showed that the SSC effect was observed, indicating that muscle force during concentric contraction was increased after a preceding eccentric contraction. However, the changes in tendon length were not different between trials, suggesting that other factors may contribute to the SSC effect.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brenna Osborne, Lauren E. Wright, Amanda E. Brandon, Ella Stuart, Lewin Small, Joris Hoeks, Patrick Schrauwen, David A. Sinclair, Magdalene K. Montgomery, Gregory J. Cooney, Nigel Turner
Summary: This study investigated whether specific overexpression of SIRT3 in skeletal muscle could prevent high-fat diet-induced muscle insulin resistance. The results showed that overexpression of SIRT3 did not alleviate muscle insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet and intramuscular triglyceride content was increased. These findings indicate that muscle-specific overexpression of SIRT3 has only minor effects on the acute development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yuhei Mizunoe, Masaki Kobayashi, Hiroki Saito, Akifumi Goto, Ryota Migitaka, Kumi Miura, Naoyuki Okita, Yuka Sudo, Ryoma Tagawa, Miki Yoshida, Ai Umemori, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Hitoshi Shimano, Yoshikazu Higami
Summary: Research indicates that aging leads to muscle atrophy, but long-term caloric restriction can reduce this age-related muscle decline.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)