Article
Neurosciences
Elena M. Bonke, Michaela Bonfert, Stefan M. Hillmann, Johanna Seitz-Holland, Malo Gaubert, Tim L. T. Wiegand, Alberto De Luca, Kang Ik K. Cho, Stian B. Sandmo, Eukyung Yhang, Yorghos Tripodis, Caroline Seer, David Kaufmann, Elisabeth Kaufmann, Marc Muehlmann, Jolien Gooijers, Alexander P. Lin, Alexander Leemans, Stephan P. Swinnen, Roald Bahr, Martha E. Shenton, Ofer Pasternak, Uta Tacke, Florian Heinen, Inga K. Koerte
Summary: This study investigates the association between neurological soft signs (NSS) and brain structure alterations in physically trained adolescents. The results show that adolescents with NSS have higher gyrification in specific brain regions and lower fractional anisotropy (FAt) and higher axial and radial diffusivity (ADt, RDt) in widespread areas. This suggests that NSS in adolescents are associated with brain structure alterations.
Article
Psychiatry
Adrian Andrzej Chrobak, Anna Krupa, Dominika Dudek, Marcin Siwek
Summary: The study revealed a low overlap between different assessment tools for neurological soft signs, which limits reproducibility and hinders the unification of knowledge from existing data. The diversity in NSS assessment tools suggests the need for further research on the non-localizable nature of NSS.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tien Viet Pham, Daiki Sasabayashi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Manabu Kubota, Atsushi Furuichi, Mikio Kido, Kyo Noguchi, Michio Suzuki
Summary: The study found significant differences in the longitudinal changes of local gyrification index (LGI) in the schizophrenia spectrum, with patients with schizophrenia exhibiting a decline in LGI, while patients with schizotypal disorder and healthy controls showed an increase. These results suggest that gyrification patterns in the schizophrenia spectrum reflect both early neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a vulnerability factor and active brain pathology in the early stages of schizophrenia.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Eva-Maria Tsapakis, Calypso A. A. Mitkani, Konstantinos N. N. Fountoulakis
Summary: Neurological soft signs are possible indicators of abnormal neurodevelopment and neural connectivity. They are not exclusive to schizophrenia, but they appear to be a trait characteristic in psychosis and can serve as an objective measure for serious psychiatric disorder assessment. Neurocognitive deficits may contribute to the construct of NSS, and they may help identify individuals at risk of developing schizophrenia later in life.
Article
Psychiatry
Daiki Sasabayashi, Yoichiro Takayanagi, Tsutomu Takahashi, Atsushi Furuichi, Haruko Kobayashi, Kyo Noguchi, Michio Suzuki
Summary: This study used MRI to investigate the relationship between brain gyrification pattern and subsequent relapse in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. The findings suggest that increased gyrification in the temporo-parieto-occipital regions may be a potential prognostic biomarker for relapse susceptibility.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Xin-Lu Cai, Yong-Ming Wang, Yi Wang, Han-Yu Zhou, Jia Huang, Ya Wang, Simon S. Y. Lui, Arne Moller, Karen S. Y. Hung, Henry K. F. Mak, Pak C. Sham, Eric F. C. Cheung, Raymond C. K. Chan
Summary: The study revealed correlations between neurological soft signs (NSS) and cerebellar-cerebral resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in schizophrenia patients, suggesting a link with negative symptoms. The uncoupling of rsFC between the cerebellum and prefrontal regions may underlie the expression of NSS and provide a potential neural pathway for alleviating negative symptoms.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristian Petrescu, Ioana R. R. Papacocea, Crisanda Vilciu, Oana A. A. Mihalache, Diana M. M. Vlad, Gabriela Marian, Brindusa E. E. Focseneanu, Cristian T. T. Sima, Constantin A. A. Ciobanu, Sorin Riga, Adela M. M. Ciobanu
Summary: This study aims to compare the profile of neurological soft signs in patients with predominantly negative symptoms of schizophrenia with patients who do not present a predominance of negative symptoms, as well as to assess the impact of treatment on the neurological function of these patients.
Article
Psychiatry
Li Kong, Christina J. Herold, Silke Bachmann, Johannes Schroeder
Summary: This study found that neurological soft signs (NSS) are associated with disrupted network connectivity in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and these associations change over time during the course of the disorder.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Adrian Andrzej Chrobak, Katarzyna Siuda-Krzywicka, Bartosz Bohaterewicz, Anna Maria Sobczak, Anna Ceglarek, Anna Tereszko, Anna Starowicz-Filip, Magdalena Fafrowicz, Tadeusz Marek, Marcin Siwek, Dominika Dudek, Zbigniew Soltys, Grzegorz Przemyslaw Siwek
Summary: This study utilized cluster analysis to investigate abnormalities in neurological and cerebellar soft signs in SZ and BD patients, revealing a potential relationship between implicit motor learning and these abnormalities. Results indicated deficits in motor functioning in SZ and BD patients in the form of neurological and cerebellar soft signs.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elena M. Bonke, Amanda Clauwaert, Stefan M. Hillmann, Uta Tacke, Caroline Seer, Eukyung Yhang, Yorghos Tripodis, Stian B. Sandmo, Tim L. T. Wiegand, David Kaufmann, Elisabeth Kaufmann, Sutton B. Richmond, Malo Gaubert, Johanna Seitz-Holland, Alexander Leemans, Stephan P. Swinnen, Roald Bahr, Ofer Pasternak, Florian Heinen, Inga K. Koerte, Michaela V. Bonfert, Jolien Gooijers
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between neurological soft signs (NSS) and postural control in adolescent athletes, and suggests that force plate measures can provide relevant quantitative information in addition to qualitative assessments.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Simon S. Y. Lui, Stanley S. L. Yip, Ya Wang, Karen S. Y. Hung, Karen K. Y. Ho, Kirby C. M. Tsang, Hera K. H. Yeung, Eric F. C. Cheung, Raymond C. K. Chan
Summary: The study investigated the trajectory of neurological soft signs (NSS) in schizophrenia patients and found that NSS worsened over time in treatment-resistant patients. This suggests that NSS may be useful in identifying treatment resistance in first-episode schizophrenia patients, reflecting the development of underlying neuropathology.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Cristian Petrescu, Diana M. Petrescu, Gabriela Marian, Brindusa E. Focseneanu, Floris Petru Iliuta, Constantin Alexandru Ciobanu, Serban Papacocea, Adela M. Ciobanu
Summary: This article reviews the impact of Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) on schizophrenia symptoms, neuroleptic treatment, and cerebral structural changes. The results suggest that NSS are common in schizophrenia patients and may have a genetic component.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christina J. Herold, Celine Z. Duval, Johannes Schroeder
Summary: Neurological soft signs in patients with chronic schizophrenia deteriorate in the long-term course, possibly due to a decrease in executive functions and logical memory. Motor coordination and integrative functions showed significant increases in NSS during follow-up, while other symptoms remained relatively stable.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Stefano Ferracuti, Antonio Del Casale, Andrea Romano, Ida Gualtieri, Martina Lucignani, Antonio Napolitano, Martina Nicole Modesti, Andrea Buscajoni, Teodolinda Zoppi, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Lorenza Manelfi, Eleonora de Pisa, Paolo Girardi, Gabriele Mandarelli, Giovanna Parmigiani, Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Maurizio Pompili, Alessandro Bozzao
Summary: The severity of symptoms in schizophrenia is associated with abnormal cortical gyrification, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes. Patients with low hostility symptoms showed lower local gyrification index in these areas compared to patients with high hostility symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Genelle D. Samson, Adrienne C. Lahti, Nina V. Kraguljac
Summary: Neurological soft signs (NSS) are common in patients with schizophrenia, with the basal ganglia and cerebellum implicated as structural substrates. Somatomotor and somatosensory regions, as well as areas involved in visual processing and spatial orientation, are suggested to underlie NSS in psychosis spectrum disorders. Dysfunction of frontoparietal and cerebellar networks has also been implicated. However, it remains unclear if white matter integrity deficits or neurometabolic alterations contribute to NSS in schizophrenia. Knowledge about the temporal evolution of NSS and associated brain signatures is limited. Future studies addressing these gaps will be important.
Article
Neurosciences
Nicole Leistikow, Erica B. Baller, Phillip J. Bradshaw, Julia Nardi Riddle, David A. Ross, Lauren M. Osborne
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Cattarinussi, Katharina M. Kubera, Dusan Hirjak, Robert C. Wolf, Fabio Sambataro
Summary: Relatives of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder show alterations in brain structure and function, potentially reflecting shared genetic mechanisms underlying both disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dusan Hirjak, Robert Christian Wolf, G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Georg Northoff
Summary: This article looks back at the history of catatonia and provides a modern perspective on both the clinical and scientific implications of the condition, as well as how to best understand it.
Article
Developmental Biology
Dusan Hirjak, Gudrun M. Henemann, Mike M. Schmitgen, Larissa Goetz, Nadine D. Wolf, Katharina M. Kubera, Fabio Sambataro, Tagrid Lemenager, Julian Koenig, Robert Christian Wolf
Summary: Excessive smartphone use is associated with aberrant structural maturation of regions important for cognitive control and emotional regulation.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jack R. Foucher, Ludovic C. Jeanjean, Clement C. de Billy, Bruno Pfuhlmann, Julie M. E. Clauss, Alexandre Obrecht, Olivier Mainberger, Remi Vernet, Hippolyte Arcay, Benoit Schorr, Sebastien Weibel, Sebastian Walther, Peter N. van Harten, John L. Waddington, Manuel J. Cuesta, Victor Peralta, Lucile Dupin, Fabio Sambataro, Manuel Morrens, Katharina M. Kubera, Lydia E. Pieters, Katharina Stegmayer, Werner Strik, R. Christian Wolf, Burkhard E. Jabs, Miriam Ams, Claudio Garcia, Markus Hanke, Julien Elowe, Andreas Bartsch, Fabrice Berna, Dusan Hirjak
Summary: The current classification systems use terms catatonia and psychomotor phenomena as a-theoretical descriptors, leading to misunderstandings among clinicians and researchers. Historical perspectives and terms have been reviewed, highlighting discrepancies and the need for conceptual clarification. Different schools of thought have contributed to the understanding of psychomotor functioning in schizophrenia and psychoses.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dusan Hirjak, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Fabio Sambataro, Robert Christian Wolf
Summary: This commentary suggests that conducting neuroscience research on young healthy heavy cannabis users and patients with cannabis-induced psychosis using multimodal assessment of sensorimotor dysfunction can help identify biological resistance and vulnerability without the constraints and confounding factors imposed by antipsychotic treatment or disease chronicity.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Malika P. Renz, Francesca Zidda, Jamila Andoh, Marcel Prager, Markus Sack, Robert Becker, Matthias Ruf, Mike M. Schmitgen, Robert C. Wolf, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Heike Tost
Summary: This article reports on the technical challenges encountered when using multiband echoplanar imaging and short repetition times for continuous fMRI neurofeedback. The possible origins of the problem are identified, and an interim solution is described. Workflows and code are provided for researchers who wish to use a similar approach.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Katharina M. Kubera, Mike M. Schmitgen, Viviane Hildebrandt, Corinne Neukel, Marie-Luise Otte, Maurizio Sicorello, Sylvia Steinmann, Sabine C. Herpertz, Robert Christian Wolf
Summary: This study found that individuals with borderline personality disorder who experience auditory verbal hallucinations have abnormal brain morphology, particularly in regions associated with the language network. These abnormalities may be related to speech generation, perception, memory, and executive control.
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Gudrun M. Henemann, Mike M. Schmitgen, Nadine D. Wolf, Dusan Hirjak, Katharina M. Kubera, Fabio Sambataro, Tagrid Lemenager, Julian Koenig, Robert Christian Wolf
Summary: This study found a correlation between excessive smartphone use and the endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system using cross-modal correlations. The MOR system is closely linked to reward and withdrawal, suggesting its potential as a biological marker for technology-related addictive behaviors.
EUROPEAN ADDICTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert Christian Wolf, Florian Werler, Mike M. Schmitgen, Nadine D. Wolf, Miriam Wittemann, Wolfgang Reith, Dusan Hirjak
Summary: Sensorimotor dysfunction is observed in individuals with cannabis dependence and heavy cannabis use, as indicated by increased neurological soft signs and abnormal intrinsic neural activity. Resting-state functional MRI reveals lower regional homogeneity in certain brain regions and higher regional homogeneity in other brain regions in heavy cannabis users compared with controls. These aberrant neural activities are associated with cannabis use behavior and the execution of complex motor tasks. The study suggests a potential endophenotype in heavy cannabis users that may contribute to the risk of psychosis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jan Kasper, Simon B. Eickhoff, Svenja Caspers, Jessica Peter, Imis Dogan, Robert Christian Wolf, Kathrin Reetz, Juergen Dukart, Michael Orth
Summary: Kasper et al. found that in Huntington's disease, the functional integrity of the dopamine receptor-rich caudate nucleus plays a crucial role in maintaining network function. Loss of caudate functional integrity leads to motor signs independent of atrophy. This finding may have implications for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marie-Luise Otte, Mike M. Schmitgen, Nadine D. Wolf, Katharina M. Kubera, Vince D. Calhoun, Stefan Fritze, Lena S. Geiger, Heike Tost, Ulrich W. Seidl, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Dusan Hirjak, Robert Christian Wolf
Summary: Insight into illness plays a crucial role in the treatment and social integration of patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine the structural and functional differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and to investigate the associations between illness insight and these neuroimaging measures. The findings suggest that aberrant structural and functional integrity in neural systems related to cognitive control, memory, and self-reference are closely related to illness insight in schizophrenia.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
M. S. Depping, L. Koehler-Ipek, P. Ullrich, K. Hauer, R. C. Wolf
Summary: This narrative review examines the comorbidity of late-life depression and frailty, with a focus on neuroscientific findings. Frailty leads to more chronic depression and poorer efficacy and tolerability of antidepressant medication. Depression and frailty share motivational and psychomotor characteristics, particularly apathy, decreased physical activity, and fatigue.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gudrun M. Henemann, Mike M. Schmitgen, Nadine D. Wolf, Dusan Hirjak, Katharina M. Kubera, Fabio Sambataro, Patrick Bach, Julian Koenig, Robert Christian Wolf
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the brain activity of excessive smartphone users and non-excessive users, and found that excessive smartphone users had lower connectivity strength in the frontoparietal system. This suggests that excessive smartphone use may be associated with the cognitive control network of the frontoparietal cortex.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicolo Trevisan, Giulia Cattarinussi, Daniele Olivo, Andrea Di Ciano, Lucia Giudetti, Alan Pampallona, Katharina M. M. Kubera, Dusan Hirjak, Robert Christian Wolf, Fabio Sambataro
Summary: This study investigated the neural bases of social victimization using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed increased activation in certain brain areas during social victimization, as well as correlations with personality traits such as neuroticism and irritability.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
