Article
Immunology
Julia Heiter, Matthew W. Kemp, Owen B. Spiller, Dominique Singer, John P. Newnham, Suhas G. Kallapur, Alan H. Jobe, Boris W. Kramer
Summary: Chorioamnionitis is associated with preterm birth and can lead to intestinal inflammation and necrotizing enterocolitis. This study found that fetal ileum inflammation and innervation can be modified by repeated exposure to lipopolysaccharide and/or preexisting Ureaplasma parvum infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sirine Hacene, Alice Le Friec, Franck Desmoulin, Lorenne Robert, Nina Colitti, Juliette Fitremann, Isabelle Loubinoux, Carla Cirillo
Summary: Cell therapy is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine, but the lack of valid cell sources is a limiting factor. The gastrointestinal tract, specifically the enteric nervous system (ENS), has been identified as a valuable source of nerve cells for therapy. Enteric glial cells, with their neurotrophic and neurogenic potential, have shown promise in treating intestinal neuropathies. Additionally, the ENS has therapeutic potential for brain repair, particularly in cases of stroke. The urgency for alternative treatments to rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients is evident. This review explores the pathophysiology of stroke and discusses current therapeutic strategies, with a focus on cell- and biomaterial-based approaches. The anatomical and functional characteristics of the ENS, particularly glial cells, are also presented, highlighting their neurotrophic and neurogenic properties. Preliminary data on a possible therapeutic approach combining ENS-derived cells and a biomaterial are discussed.
Article
Pediatrics
Chen Cheng, Yu He, Sa Xiao, Qing Ai, Jialin Yu
Summary: Studies on NEC have not focused largely on enteric viruses, but recent research has shown that not all enteric viruses are pathogenic. ADV and EBV may be related to the severity of NEC, while some viruses like ASV may be commensal in neonates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Per Torp Sangild, Caitlin Vonderohe, Valeria Melendez Hebib, Douglas G. Burrin
Summary: Bovine colostrum (BC) is a nutritional supplement that may improve gut function and health in infants and children, especially when immune and gut functions are immature in early life. Studies suggest that BC supplementation should be provided at optimal age, time, and level to be safe and effective, and may reduce complications related to preterm birth, infections, and gut disorders. Additional clinical trials are needed to provide more evidence of the health benefits of BC supplementation in pediatric populations.
Article
Pediatrics
Giorgio Casaburi, Jingjing Wei, Sufyan Kazi, Junlin Liu, Kewei Wang, Guo-Zhong Tao, Po-Yu Lin, James C. Y. Dunn, Bethany M. Henrick, Steven A. Frese, Karl G. Sylvester
Summary: This study reveals a novel molecular mechanism of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) through the microbial production of formate. The concentration of formate was found to be elevated in NEC patients and correlated with the degree of intestinal injury. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that formate caused enterocyte cytotoxicity and NEC-like injury. The bacteria Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified as the most discriminatory taxa associated with NEC dysbiosis and increased formate production. This research highlights the importance of targeting metabolic pathways associated with newborn gut dysbiosis to prevent NEC.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Huan Huang, Qian Peng, Yuli Zhang, Ying Li, Nanqu Huang, Miao Duan, Bo Huang
Summary: This study investigated the features and functions of the intestinal microbiota in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a single center in China. The results showed significant differences in the overall structure of the gut microbiota between infants with NEC and control infants, as well as specific changes in the abundance of certain bacterial phyla and genera in NEC infants. Furthermore, functional prediction indicated a decline in several metabolic pathways in the gut microbiota of NEC infants.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yukiko Ohara, Lisa Fujimura, Akemi Sakamoto, Youichi Teratake, Shuichi Hiraoka, Haruhiko Koseki, Takeshi Saito, Keita Terui, Tetsuya Mitsunaga, Mitsuyuki Nakata, Hideo Yoshida, Masahiko Hatano
Summary: The study found that the megacolon and enteric neuron hyperplasia in KO mice are influenced by genetic background. BALB/c KO mice may serve as a valuable model for functional gastrointestinal diseases such as chronic constipation, aiding in research on underlying mechanisms and providing a foundation for treatment development.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juhi Shah, Brian Sims, Colin Martin
Summary: This article discusses the presence, composition, functions, and potential clinical applications of milk-derived exosomes. Research has shown that exosomes from milk have therapeutic effects on pediatric diseases and their sources and functions need to be further understood and studied.
JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atchariya Chanpong, Osvaldo Borrelli, Nikhil Thapar
Summary: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a critical nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract that controls key functions and is affected by the microbiota and other nervous systems. Its development during early life plays a significant role in human health and disease. Dysbiosis and pathogenic microorganisms may impact the integrity and function of the ENS. This article explores the relationship between the development and integrity of the ENS and the potential impact of dysbiosis and pathogenic microorganisms.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jiahui Yang, Xiaoyu Chen, Tianjing Liu, Yongyan Shi
Summary: This article reviews the role of bile acids in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and their potential therapeutic value. The dysregulation of bile acids is associated with intestinal injury, and inflammatory factors in the liver also play a crucial role in regulating bile acid transport. The bile acid metabolic pathway is important for regulating intestinal microbiota, cell proliferation, and barrier protection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yangming Qu, Shijie Guo, Ying Liu, Guohua Wang, Hui Wu
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the association between probiotics use and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, and the results indicated that probiotics are associated with a reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants < 32 weeks of age. Further prospective studies with large samples are still needed.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Michaela Klinke, Hanna Wiskemann, Benjamin Bay, Hans-Joerg Schaefer, Laia Pagerols Raluy, Konrad Reinshagen, Deirdre Vincent, Michael Boettcher
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe neonatal disease involving intestinal inflammation and necrosis. This study suggests that patients with pre-existing cardiac diseases may have different pathogenesis for NEC compared to those without cardiac comorbidities. Further research is needed to validate these findings and assess potential diagnostic parameters.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Adithya Shastry, Barbara Bajuk, Mohamed E. Abdel-Latif
Summary: Infants who were eligible but not enrolled in the study were born earlier and had higher risks, including lower Apgar scores and more complications. Therefore, obtaining consent in advance may lead to bias in study results. Retrospective consent or waiver of consent may improve the generalizability of clinical trials involving neonatal and emergency cases.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alain Cuna, Marianne Nsumu, Heather L. Menden, Susana Chavez-Bueno, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: Peripartum antibiotics increase the risk of NEC and impair intestinal proliferation in newborns. However, supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can mitigate gut injury caused by antibiotics and restore intestinal proliferation by activating the Gpr81-Wnt pathway. Therefore, postnatal probiotics may be effective in reducing the risk of NEC associated with peripartum antibiotic exposure in preterm infants.
Article
Pediatrics
Xiaoya Han, Shudong Cui
Summary: A retrospective study found that elevated serum-conjugated bilirubin in preterm infants may be associated with the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and increased conjugated bilirubin in the first two weeks after birth and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were identified as independent risk factors for NEC.