Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
L. Schofield, D. Walsh, N. Bendel, R. Piroddi
Summary: The aim of the study was to update previous analyses of 'excess mortality' in Glasgow compared to Liverpool and Manchester. The study found that after adjustment for socio-economic deprivation, all-cause mortality in Glasgow was higher than in the other cities, especially for deaths under 65 years old.
Article
Environmental Studies
Anastasia Baka, Leslie Mabon
Summary: The study assesses the relationship between neighbourhood-level deprivation and local greenspace quality in Glasgow, Scotland. It reveals a statistically significant correlation between deprivation and greenspace quality, with more disadvantaged areas having lower-quality greenspace. This highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic factors in greenspace planning and management to ensure equitable access to quality greenspace.
LANDSCAPE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Maha Abo-Tabik, Rosa Parisi, Catharine Morgan, Sarah Willis, Christopher E. M. Griffiths, Darren Ashcroft
Summary: The study indicates that in primary care settings in the UK, some individuals may be missed or delayed in the diagnosis of psoriasis for up to 5 years, leading to a potentially harmful delay in establishing appropriate treatment regimens.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stefan van Duijvenboden, Julia Ramirez, Michele Orini, Nay Aung, Steffen E. Petersen, Aiden Doherty, Andrew Tinker, Patricia B. Munroe, Pier D. Lambiase
Summary: This study found that exercise-induced premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are closely associated with major adverse cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and heart failure in asymptomatic individuals. The risk increases as the PVC burden increases, and complex PVC rhythms pose a higher risk compared to PVC count alone. The study also suggests the presence of subclinical cardiomyopathy.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ciaran McMonagle, Denise Brown, Richard Reeve, Rebecca Mancy
Summary: Previous research has shown that the diversity of mortality causes is increasing in high-income nations, with men experiencing a faster rate of increase. This poses challenges for public health and medical sectors, requiring a broader range of interventions to reduce death rates from various causes.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Martin McKee, Karen Dunnell, Michael Anderson, Carol Brayne, Anita Charlesworth, Charlotte Johnston-Webber, Martin Knapp, Alistair McGuire, John N. Newton, David Taylor, Richard G. Watt
Summary: The changing demographics of the UK population necessitate a shift in healthcare needs, such as an increased focus on health promotion and disease prevention. Challenges such as an ageing population, rising multimorbidity, and persistent health inequalities require attention. Successes in oral health improvement exist, but inequalities in health outcomes persist. Healthcare systems must address these challenges, including mitigating the impact of wider health threats like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Paulien Hagedoorn, Marco Helbich
Summary: This study found associations between the residential neighbourhood environment and suicide mortality. Movers had a lower risk of suicide compared to non movers. Improvements in social fragmentation and deprivation reduced suicide risk, while change from rural to urban conditions lowered suicide risk. However, increased green space put people at higher risk of suicide. Urban areas had lower suicide mortality for both men and women, and lower social fragmentation reduced suicide risk for women. Stable exposure to high levels of green space increased suicide risk for women. Associations between neighbourhood change and suicide were more pronounced in non-movers.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Charlotte Roscoe, Catriona Mackay, John Gulliver, Susan Hodgson, Yutong Cai, Paolo Vineis, Daniela Fecht
Summary: This study found that private residential gardens were inversely associated with all-cause, non-injury, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease mortality. Other types of greenspace showed weaker associations with cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease mortality compared to private residential gardens. Associations were modified by sex, household income, and area-level deprivation.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Mohamed Bekheit, Sendhil Rajan, Jared M. Wohlgemut, Angus J. M. Watson, George Ramsay
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical management and outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis in Scotland, UK. The results showed that 60% of patients had surgery during their initial hospitalization, and the surgical group had a better survival rate compared to the conservative management group, advocating for the use of operative approach in this patient cohort.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marcello S. Scopazzini, Roo Nicola Rose Cave, Callum P. Mutch, Daniella A. Ross, Anda Bularga, Margo Chase-Topping, Mark Woolhouse, Oliver Koch, Meghan R. Perry, Claire L. Mackintosh
Summary: This study investigated the predictive ability of individual indicators of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) on mortality in COVID-19 patients. After adjusting for age and sex, it was found that patients in the more deprived SIMD quintiles had an increased risk of mortality. However, this association was not upheld in the multivariable analysis. Income deprivation rate and hospitalisations due to alcohol were associated with greater mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David Fluck, Christopher H. H. Fry, Giosue Gulli, Brendan Affley, Jonathan Robin, Puneet Kakar, Pankaj Sharma, Thang S. S. Han
Summary: This study compared outcomes following an acute stroke between ethnic minorities and Caucasian patients. The results showed that ethnic minorities had an earlier onset of stroke and a higher risk of stroke-related adverse outcomes and death compared to Caucasian patients.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Asmita Bhattarai, Gina Dimitropoulos, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Suzanne C. Tough, Scott B. Patten
Summary: This study examined the association between childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality in adulthood. The results showed that physical abuse and being sent away from home were significantly associated with PPAM. These associations were attenuated when adjusted for adulthood factors, suggesting possible mediating effects.
Article
Rheumatology
Kristin M. D'Silva, Lingyi Li, Na Lu, Alexis Ogdie, J. Antonio Avina-Zubieta, Hyon K. Choi
Summary: The study aimed to examine recent trends in diabetes mellitus (DM) and polymyositis (PM), finding that the premature mortality gap has not significantly improved in recent years, indicating a need for better therapeutic interventions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fangzhou Huang, Jiao Song, Alisha R. Davies
Summary: This study created an e-cohort of unpaid carers in Wales by linking health and administrative datasets, and found that unpaid carers have a higher risk of long-term health conditions and multimorbidity compared to non-carers. This risk is exacerbated among younger age groups and deprived communities. To better support unpaid carers, flexible approaches focusing on early identification and prevention are crucial.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Eva Greiner, Apolline Wittwer, Eliane Albuisson, Jean-Michel Hascoet
Summary: The study revealed that premature infants receiving an early second dose of surfactant often had adverse antenatal characteristics and presented more severe RDS. While their survival rate was lower, surviving infants did not have significantly different morbidity compared to the control group.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Harry Taylor, Piers Dawes, Dharmi Kapadia, Nick Shryane, Paul Norman
Summary: A study using data from the UK Biobank found that there are ethnic inequalities in the use of hearing aids among middle-aged adults. Even after considering self-reported hearing difficulty, ethnic minority groups still have lower levels of hearing aid use.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Momoe Kanada, Paul Norman, Naoko Kaida, Steve Carver
Summary: This case study examined the impact of urban/rural differences on the environmental knowledge, attitude, and action levels of youth. The results showed significant differences between urban and rural areas, as well as interactions between location and age, and location and sex. Path analysis confirmed that location had a direct impact on students' knowledge, and indirect impacts on attitude and action levels through age. The study highlights the importance of considering place in environmental education design.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Siu I. Fanga Jione, Paul Norman
Summary: This study investigated the use of GIS to analyze the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in relation to area deprivation in Tongatapu. Data integration and GIS use were affected by institutional and organizational barriers. A data conversion framework was developed to analyze the prevalence of diseases and area deprivation at different levels of geography. The study found a higher level of area deprivation in rural areas, which was associated with the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.
APPLIED SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
C. D. Lloyd, P. D. Norman, D. McLennan
Summary: Measures of small area deprivation have been crucial in allocating resources in the UK, and assessing changes in deprivation over time and considering deprivation history are important for understanding the impacts of deprivation. This paper combines different measures and analyzes the trends and associations between them, highlighting the need for considering deprivation trajectories in developing effective strategies for reducing spatial inequalities.
APPLIED SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Frank Popham
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Economics
Danielle Sinnett, Paul Norman
Summary: The UK coal industry suffered significant job losses in the 1980s and 1990s, but received regeneration funds to alleviate socio-economic problems. A study on the East Midlands coalfields from 1971 to 2011 shows an increase in permanent sickness and disability rates, with a widening gap between coalfields and non-coalfields. However, unemployment has decreased faster in the coalfields, especially in those less dependent on mining.
Review
Psychology, Educational
Molly Grant, Kane Meissel, Daniel Exeter
Summary: Children's learning and cognitive development are influenced by the circumstances of childhood, and not all children have equal opportunities. Analyzing the factors in children's environments and their associations with learning can help identify opportunities for change and support more children in reaching their potential.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Fulvio D. Lopane, Melanie Reuter-Oppermann, Andrea Raith, Daniel J. Exeter, Ilze Ziedins, Richard Dawson
Summary: Shortage of general practitioners is a global challenge, including in New Zealand. Providing primary care in rural areas is particularly difficult. This paper provides an overview of literature on locating GP practices and proposes an approach to assess coverage and determine future GP locations using a genetic algorithm framework. The rural region of Northland in New Zealand is used as a case study, and a sensitivity analysis for key input parameters is performed.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. Wiki, L. Marek, C. Sibley, D. Exeter
Summary: Quality of life is a complex concept with multiple definitions and measures. Research is increasingly focusing on subjective well-being to better understand personal drivers related to quality of life. This study demonstrates that spatial microsimulation can be a powerful tool to understand population well-being and support future planning and resource allocation for achieving health equity.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charlotte Sturley, Paul Norman, Michelle Morris, Amy Downing
Summary: This study found an association between socio-economic status (SES) and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and survival, both at the individual and area levels. Individual-level factors such as educational attainment, social class, and housing tenure, as well as area-level deprivation, were found to be related to CRC incidence and survival. These findings highlight the importance of considering SES in public health interventions for CRC.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Theresa Munyombwe, Tatendashe B. Dondo, Marlous Hall, Ramesh Nadarajah, Ben Hurdus, Suleman Aktaa, Mohammad Haris, Adam Keeley, Robert West, Alistair Hall, Paul Norman, Chris P. Gale
Summary: The EMMACE longitudinal cohort study aims to investigate the health trajectories of patients following myocardial infarction hospitalization. The study collected data from 14,899 MI patients admitted to 77 hospitals in England and conducted long-term follow-up. It focuses on patient outcomes, medication adherence, and health-related quality of life.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-QUALITY OF CARE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Daniel J. Exeter, Olivia Healey, Jessie Colbert, Nichola Shackleton
Summary: Globally, societies are experiencing aging populations due to longer life expectancy and declining fertility rates. Many studies have explored the association between socioeconomic position and health outcomes among older populations using conventional working-age measures or area-based deprivation indices. This study used microdata from the 2013 New Zealand Census to create a new measure of socioeconomic position specifically for people aged 65 years and above (SEP65). The study found an inverse relationship between SEP65 and smoking.
SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Demography
Paul Norman, Jessie Colbert, Daniel J. Exeter
Summary: The advancement of modern computational capabilities has raised concerns about the risk of information disclosure in public datasets. This study aims to balance the protection of individual privacy with the utility of research by investigating the interplay between geographic entities using logistic regression models. The findings suggest that there is a sufficient level of confidentiality protection when using certain geographic scenarios.
SPATIAL DEMOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
Kristian Bernt Karlson, Frank Popham, Anders Holm
Summary: This article presents two ways of quantifying confounding using logistic response models for binary outcomes. The authors define two measures of confounding (marginal and conditional) and suggest that researchers may measure marginal confounding by using inverse probability weighting. They provide empirical examples to illustrate their standardization approach.
SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Samantha Horn, Yana Litovsky, George Loewenstein
Summary: This study suggests that curiosity can be a useful tool in increasing demand for and engagement with aversive health information. By manipulating curiosity through various methods, researchers found that participants were more likely to view and engage with information about their drinking habits, cancer risk, and the sugar content in drinks. Overall, curiosity prompts provide a simple and effective way to increase engagement with aversive health information.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sandra Gillner
Summary: Despite high expectations, the extensive and rapid adoption of AI in medical diagnostics has not been realized. This study investigates the perception and navigation of AI providers in complex healthcare systems, revealing their self-organization to increase adaptability and the practices utilized to mitigate tensions within the healthcare subsystems.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fabian Duartea, Alvaro Jimenez-Molina
Summary: This study found that violence related to social protest has a significant impact on depressive symptoms, leading to an increase in depression among the population in Chile. The effect varies by gender and age, with a stronger influence on men and young adults.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nick Graetz, Carl Gershenson, Sonya R. Porter, Danielle H. Sandler, Emily Lemmerman, Matthew Desmond
Summary: Investments in stable, affordable housing may be an important tool for improving population health. This study, using administrative data, found that high rent burden, increases in rent burden during midlife, and evictions were associated with increased mortality.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wan Wei
Summary: This study explores the phenomenon of other patient participation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), uncovering the various roles that third parties can assume during medical interactions. The findings contribute to existing research on patient resistance and triadic medical interactions, providing insights into the dynamics and implications of third-party involvement in medical consultations.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Harry Scarbrough, Katie Rose M. Sanfilippo, Alexandra Ziemann, Charitini Stavropoulou
Summary: This paper examines the contribution of pilot implementation studies to the wider spread and sustainability of innovation in healthcare systems. Through an empirical examination of an innovation intermediary organization in the English NHS, the study finds that their work in mobilizing pilot-based evidence involves configuring to context, transitioning evidence, and managing the transition. The findings contribute to theory by showing how intermediary roles can support the effective transitioning of pilot-based evidence, leading to more widespread adoption and sustainability of innovation.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marta Seiz, Leire Salazar, Tatiana Eremenko
Summary: This study examines the impact of maternal educational selection on birth outcomes during an economic recession, and finds that more educated mothers are more likely to give birth during high unemployment periods. Additionally, maternal education mitigates the adverse effects of unemployment on birth outcomes and is consistently associated with better perinatal health.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jingyuan Shi, Hye Kyung Kim, Charles T. Salmon, Edson C. Tandoc Jr, Zhang Hao Goh
Summary: This study examines the influence of individual and collective norms on COVID-19 vaccination intention across eight Asian countries. The findings reveal nuanced patterns of how individual and collective social norms influence health behavioral decisions, depending on the degree of cultural tightness-looseness.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elliot Friedman, Melissa Franks, Elizabeth Teas, Patricia A. Thomas
Summary: This study found that positive relations with others have a significant impact on functional limitations and longevity in aging adults, independent of social integration and social support.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zhuolin Pan, Yuqi Liu, Ye Liu, Ziwen Huo, Wenchao Han
Summary: This study examines the effects of age-friendly neighbourhood environment and functional abilities on life satisfaction among older adults in urban China. The findings highlight the importance of transportation, housing, and social and physical environment factors in influencing functional abilities and life satisfaction. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers in enhancing older adults' life satisfaction in the Chinese urban context.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2024)