期刊
CATALYSTS
卷 5, 期 4, 页码 1897-1910出版社
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/catal5041897
关键词
ethyl levulinate; carbohydrates; potassium phosphotungstate
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21176227]
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology [KFKT2014008]
A series of metal-modified phosphotungstates were prepared and performed for direct synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose in ethanol. Considering the cost of catalysts, catalytic activity of catalysts, and easy separation of catalysts together, K-HPW-1 was chosen as the most suitable catalyst for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose. A high ethyl levulinate yield of 64.6 mol% was obtained at 150 degrees C within 2 h in ethanol. The introduction of low polar toluene as a co-solvent improved the yield of ethyl levulinate to 68.7 mol%. The recovered catalyst remained high activity with the yield of ethyl levulinate converted from fructose above 50 mol% after being used five times. Moreover, the generality of the catalyst was further demonstrated by glucose, sucrose, inulin, and cellulose with ethyl levulinate yielding 14.5, 35.4, 52.3, and 14.8 mol%, respectively.
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