Histone deacetylase inhibitor, CG200745 attenuates renal fibrosis in obstructive kidney disease

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common feature of kidney disease. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to attenuate renal fibrosis progression. Here, we investigated the effect of CG200745, a novel HDAC inhibitor, on renal fibrosis development in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). To examine the effects of CG200745 on renal fibrosis in UUO, C57BL/6 J male mice were divided into three groups: control, UUO, and CG200745 (30 mg/kg/day)-treated UUO groups. CG 200745 was administered through drinking water for 1 week. Human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were also treated with CG200745 (10 mu M) with or without TGF-beta (2 ng/mL). Seven days after UUO, plasma creatinine did not differ among the groups. However, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were markedly increased in the UUO group, which were attenuated by CG200745 treatment. UUO kidneys developed marked fibrosis as indicated by collagen deposition and increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibronectin expression. CG200745 treatment attenuated these fibrotic responses and suppressed UUO-induced production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) and phosphorylation of Smad-2/3. CG200745 treatment also attenuated UUOinduced inflammation as indicated by the expression of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, CG200745 attenuated phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in UUO kidneys. In HK-2 cells, TGF-beta induced the expression of alpha-SMA and fibronectin, which were attenuated by CG200745 cotreatment. These results demonstrate that CG200745, a novel HDAC inhibitor, has a renoprotective effect by suppressing renal fibrosis and inflammation in a UUO mouse model.