Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martina Alunni Cardinali, Laura Cartechini, Marco Paolantoni, Costanza Miliani, Daniele Fioretto, Luciano Pensabene Buemi, Lucia Comez, Francesca Rosi
Summary: Correlative Brillouin and Raman microspectroscopy (BRaMS) is used to monitor the chemical and physical changes of linseed oil during polymerization. The results provide important insights into the processes leading to the conversion of a fluid binder into a dry adhering film.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gisela Nadal-Rey, Dale D. McClure, John M. Kavanagh, Sjef Cornelissen, David F. Fletcher, Krist V. Gernaey
Summary: This article discusses the causes of gradients in industrial bioreactors, their impact on microbial physiology, and methods for investigating gradients. Future work is highlighted, particularly the need for further development of tools to enhance the current understanding of gradients in industrial equipment.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Aliaksandra Tsitova, Fabien Bernachy-Barbe, Benoit Bary, Christophe Bourcier, Francois Hild
Summary: The identification of fracture properties of mortar was achieved through numerical analyses of two in situ mesoflexural tests on small-scale specimens. The experimental kinematic fields were measured by processing the reconstructed volumes via Digital Volume Correlation. The simulated fracture paths and ultimate forces were consistent with the experiment thanks to representative microstructure and boundary conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
C. Y. Tong, Huai Z. Z. Li, C. J. C. Derek
Summary: This study investigates cell detachment of Chlorella vulgaris from porous substrates in early cultivation stage using a microfluidic platform. Results show that increasing flow velocity enhances nutrient transport but also triggers cell detachment. The effect of flow velocity on cell detachment differs at different locations. These findings contribute to optimizing operating conditions and reactor design for algae cultivation systems.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
B. Swaminathan, N. R. McCarthy, A. S. Almansour, K. Sevener, T. M. Pollock, J. D. Kiser, S. Daly
Summary: The study reveals that the damage mechanisms in SiC/SiC minicomposites play a crucial role in failure response, and characterizing microstructural features can help understand damage accumulation. By combining acoustic emission and tensile testing, the evolving crack density showed strong agreement between different measurement methods.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
M. F. Kristensen, M. B. Lund, A. Schramm, E. Frandsen Lau, S. Schlafer
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the effect of whole saliva flow on microscale pH in dental biofilms using pH ratiometry. The results showed the presence of steep pH gradients and a positive correlation between pH drops and biofilm thickness. Stimulated saliva flow increased biofilm pH but did not balance the vertical and horizontal pH gradients. Dental biofilms with different pH responses had significantly different bacterial community composition.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qingsheng Liu, Jinjia Guo, Yuan Lu, Zihao Wei, Shuang Liu, Lulu Wu, Wangquan Ye, Ronger Zheng, Xilin Zhang
Summary: Microscale processes in the ocean are crucial but poorly understood, especially in deep-sea environments. This study presents the development of an in situ observation and detection system for microscopic targets in the deep sea. The system successfully performed microscopic imaging and Raman spectroscopy analysis during a sea trial, demonstrating its feasibility and potential for deep-sea research.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yiting Xu, Yanxia Yang, Zhiwei Yin, Xinqi Cai, Xin Xia, Michael J. Donovan, Long Chen, Zhuo Chen, Weihong Tan
Summary: A new hydrogel capsule containing HSA-Mn complex was developed for in situ MRI monitoring of gastric pH, showing sensitive response to different pH and internal standard functions.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Elisabeth K. Steinsvik, Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk, Trygve Hausken, Kim Nylund, Odd Helge Gilja
Summary: Using ultrasound to measure physiological processes in the gastrointestinal tract has shown great potential in both scientific research and clinical applications. The technology is widely accessible, radiation-free and user friendly, making it suitable for repeated examinations and longitudinal studies. Ultrasound does not influence normal GI physiology, thus being useful for estimating motility and subtle changes in physiology, making a big difference for scientists, doctors, and patients.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Leonie Moeller, Matthias Rink, Helerson Kemmer, Thomas von Unwerth
Summary: This work presents an adapted Galvanostatic Charge Method (GCM) for individual electrochemical characterization of automotive fuel cells without nitrogen flush. By utilizing the system's shutdown procedure, an inert atmosphere is created for characterization. A closed-volume-problem simulation model and complementary measurements are presented. A novel model-based evaluation method is introduced to extract state-of-health (SOH) indicators from the measurements. The study identifies improvement potential in modeling, measurement procedure, and evaluation method.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hafiz Muhammad Numan Zafar, Fehmi Nair
Summary: This study demonstrates the in situ synthesis of iron borides in iron matrix microcomposite wires, with controlled morphology and ratio, using a combination of cold rolling and powder mixture ratios.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Quanyue Zhao, Zhuqing Gao, Hongen Wang, Hantai Wu, Xinyu Chen, Zhaoliang Qu, Tian Zhao, Daining Fang
Summary: Thermoplastic composites are considered as a potential alternative to thermoset composites in aircraft industries due to their cost-effective manufacturing process and weldability. However, the limitation of current evaluation methods for welded joints is that they are mostly destructive, resulting in the loss of information on the initial features of the welding interface. In this study, in-situ micro-CT technique was used to accurately characterize the interfacial morphology and damage evolution of ultrasonic welded GF/PPS thermoplastic composite joints. The morphology of the weldline was demonstrated by the evolution of void defects, fiber architecture, and resin contents of specimens with different sonotrode travels. The damage evolution scenario of the specimens welded at 40% and 100% travels was analyzed through in-situ micro-CT analysis.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Ge Gao, Mohamed A. Meguid
Summary: The discrete element method (DEM) was used to investigate the fracture growth and failure mechanism of jointed rock samples under increasing confinements. The study found that increasing confining pressure leads to a change in fracture patterns and an increase in seismic events. Furthermore, microscopic studies revealed the mechanical behavior and deformability of jointed rock mass.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anthony J. Treichel, Isabelle Finholm, Kaitlyn R. Knutson, Constanza Alcaino, Sara T. Whiteman, Matthew R. Brown, Aleksey Matveyenko, Andrew Wegner, Halil Kacmaz, Arnaldo Mercado-Perez, Gabriella Bedekovicsne Gajdos, Tamas Ordog, Madhusudan Grover, Joseph Szurszewski, David R. Linden, Gianrico Farrugia, Arthur Beyder
Summary: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has intrinsic tactile sensitivity mediated by Piezo2+ EECs, allowing it to detect luminal forces and physical properties of luminal contents to modulate physiology.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Wenjun Yan, Rongbin Qiu, Fuyan Wang, Xue Fu, Hao Li, Pengfei Cui, Yaru Zhai, Chun Li, Lan Zhang, Kui Gu, Lei Zuo, Changwei Lei, Hongning Wang, Xin Yang
Summary: Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a highly contagious disease that poses a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. A novel recombinant virus, CK/CH/SCMY/160315, derived from different live attenuated vaccine strains, has led to outbreaks in vaccinated chicken populations in China with various symptoms such as listlessness and sneezing. Pathogenicity analysis confirmed the high infectivity and harmfulness of this new strain.
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
David J. Hackam
Article
Pediatrics
Darla R. Shores, Jennifer Fundora, Mitzi Go, Fauzia Shakeel, Sandra Brooks, Samuel M. Alaish, Jun Yang, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam, Allen Everett
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zdenek Dvorak, Felix Kopp, Cait M. Costello, Jazmin S. Kemp, Hao Li, Aneta Vrzalova, Martina Stepankova, Iveta Bartonkova, Eva Jiskrova, Karolina Poulikova, Barbora Vyhlidalova, Lars U. Nordstroem, Chamini Karunaratne, Harmit S. Ranhotra, Kyu Shik Mun, Anjaparavanda P. Naren, Iain A. Murray, Gary H. Perdew, Julius Brtko, Lucia Toporova, Arne Schon, William G. Wallace, William G. Walton, Matthew R. Redinbo, Katherine Sun, Amanda Beck, Sandhya Kortagere, Michelle C. Neary, Aneesh Chandran, Saraswathi Vishveshwara, Maria M. Cavalluzzi, Giovanni Lentini, Julia Yue Cui, Haiwei Gu, John C. March, Shirshendu Chatterjee, Adam Matson, Dennis Wright, Kyle L. Flannigan, Simon A. Hirota, Ryan Balfour Sartor, Sridhar Mani
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Pediatrics
Chhinder P. Sodhi, Peter Wipf, Yukihiro Yamaguchi, William B. Fulton, Mark Kovler, Diego F. Nino, Qinjie Zhou, Emilyn Banfield, Adam D. Werts, Mitchell R. Ladd, Rachael H. Buck, Karen C. Goehring, Thomas Prindle, Sanxia Wang, Hongpeng Jia, Peng Lu, David J. Hackam
Summary: The study showed that human milk oligosaccharides 2'-FL and 6'-SL can prevent NEC through inhibition of TLR4 signaling, while lactose cannot. The results indicate that these HMOs reduced NEC occurrence in mouse and piglet models.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Maame Efua S. Sampah, David J. Hackam
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Emilyn Banfield, William Fulton, Irina Burd, Mark L. Kovler, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Cell Biology
Mark L. Kovler, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2020)
Article
Pediatrics
Chhinder P. Sodhi, Peter Wipf, Yukihiro Yamaguchi, William B. Fulton, Mark Kovler, Diego F. Nino, Qinjie Zhou, Emilyn Banfield, Adam D. Werts, Mitchell R. Ladd, Rachael H. Buck, Karen C. Goehring, Thomas Prindle, Sanxia Wang, Hongpeng Jia, Peng Lu, David J. Hackam
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Qinjie Zhou, Diego F. Nino, Yukihiro Yamaguchi, Sanxia Wang, William B. Fulton, Hongpeng Jia, Peng Lu, Thomas Prindle, David Pamies, Meaghan Morris, Liam L. Chen, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can lead to acute intestinal necrosis in premature infants and severe neurological impairment. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 in the intestinal epithelium is associated with NEC-related brain injury, which may be induced by gut-derived IFN-gamma-releasing CD4(+) T cells. Early intervention to manage intestinal inflammation in children with NEC could potentially improve neurological outcomes.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Cait M. Costello, Graham G. Willsey, Angelene F. Richards, Jaeyoon Kim, Matteo S. Pizzuto, Stefano Jaconi, Fabio Benigni, Davide Corti, Nicholas J. Mantis, John C. March
Summary: Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the most abundant antibody type in intestinal secretions, playing a key role in protecting the epithelium from invasive pathogens like STm. Experiments in human Enteroids and HIOs have shown that Sal4 IgA can effectively reduce invasion by STm.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
David J. Hackam, Chhinder P. Sodhi
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease that affects premature infants, causing high morbidity and mortality. Recent research has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of NEC and potential therapies.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
David J. Hackam
Summary: This study suggests that anemia may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis development through impaired tissue oxygenation, shifting the focus back onto the trigger for blood transfusion rather than the transfused blood itself.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Johannes W. W. Duess, Maame E. E. Sampah, Carla M. M. Lopez, Koichi Tsuboi, Daniel J. J. Scheese, Chhinder P. P. Sodhi, David J. J. Hackam
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants, caused by dietary and bacterial factors in a vulnerable host. Intestinal perforation can lead to severe infection and sepsis. Toll-like receptor 4 has been identified as a critical regulator of NEC development. This review article presents recent findings on microbial signaling, the immature immune system, intestinal ischemia, systemic inflammation, and potential therapeutic approaches.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ailan Zhang, Chhinder P. Sodhi, Menghan Wang, Darla R. Shores, William Fulton, Thomas Prindle, Serena Brosten, Elizabeth O'Hare, Alexander Lau, Hua Ding, Hongpeng Jia, Peng Lu, James R. White, Justin Hui, Cynthia L. Sears, David J. Hackam, Samuel M. Alaish
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Adam D. Werts, William B. Fulton, Mitchell R. Ladd, Ali Saad-Eldin, Yue X. Chen, Mark L. Kovler, Hongpeng Jia, Emilyn C. Banfield, Rachael H. Buck, Karen Goehring, Thomas Prindle, Sanxia Wang, Qinjie Zhou, Peng Lu, Yukihiro Yamaguchi, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2020)