Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Douglas E. Kinnison, Qinyi Li, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Tarek Trabelsi, Joseph S. Francisco, Susan Solomon, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: This study found that the injection of iodine into the Antarctic stratosphere has a significant impact on the formation and development of the Antarctic ozone hole, especially in spring. The inclusion of iodine can advance the formation of the ozone hole and delay its closure, increasing the area and mass deficit of the hole.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zhe Wang, Jiankai Zhang, Tao Wang, Wuhu Feng, Yihang Hu, Xiran Xu
Summary: The factors influencing the size of the Antarctic ozone hole in November are mainly dynamic processes, with weaker ozone transport related to planetary wave divergence in the stratosphere. Anomalously large ozone holes in November are not always preceded by large holes in late winter, and processes for large and small holes are generally opposite.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dennis L. Hartmann
Summary: Since 1980, the tropical Pacific has been anomalously cold, potentially associated with the Antarctic ozone hole.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
K. A. Stone, S. Solomon, D. E. Kinnison, Michael J. Mills
Summary: The ozone holes in 2015 and 2020 reached record sizes in October-December, but still followed a fundamental recovery metric. The delay in early spring ozone depletion is attributed to the decrease in chlorine and bromine. Climate models confirm the observed recovery trends of the ozone hole onset and size.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrew R. Klekociuk, Matthew B. Tully, Paul B. Krummel, Stuart Henderson, Dan Smale, Richard Querel, Sylvia Nichol, Simon P. Alexander, Paul J. Fraser, Gerald Nedoluha
Summary: The 2020 Antarctic ozone hole was relatively large and persisted for a longer period compared to previous years. The stability and strength of the stratospheric polar vortex played a key role in influencing the characteristics of the ozone hole. Early summer conditions in 2020 led to the measurement of new maximum values of ultraviolet radiation at Australia's Antarctic research stations.
JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE EARTH SYSTEMS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrew R. Klekociuk, Matthew B. Tully, Paul B. Krummel, Stuart Henderson, Dan Smale, Richard Querel, Sylvia Nichol, Simon P. Alexander, Paul J. Fraser, Gerald Nedoluha
Summary: Analyzing data from the Antarctic ozone holes in 2018 and 2019, this study found significant differences in characteristics between the two years. The ozone hole in 2018 was large and persistent, while the one in 2019 was anomalously small due to stratospheric warming. These results enhance our understanding of the impact of the Montreal Protocol controls on ozone depleting substances and the effects of Antarctic ozone on the southern hemisphere climate system.
JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE EARTH SYSTEMS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yingli Niu, Fei Xie, Shaohua Wu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of ENSO Modoki on Antarctic stratospheric ozone variability in austral spring using observation and reanalysis data. It found that ENSO Modoki generates planetary wave anomalies in the troposphere, which subsequently affect the polar vortex and interannual variations in Antarctic stratospheric ozone. Analysis also revealed that wave-1 and wave-3 components play a significant role, while wave-2 effects are opposite and offset by waves 1 and 3. Furthermore, the study evaluated the performance of CMIP6 models in simulating the impacts of ENSO Modoki on the southern stratospheric polar vortex and ozone, finding that only two models closely resemble the reanalysis results.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
I Wohltmann, P. von der Gathen, R. Lehmann, H. Deckelmann, G. L. Manney, J. Davies, D. Tarasick, N. Jepsen, R. Kivi, N. Lyall, M. Rex
Summary: The winter of 2019/2020 in the Arctic stratosphere had the lowest observed ozone mixing ratios and was characterized by an unusually strong and long-lasting polar vortex. Some aspects of this winter resemble both Antarctic and Arctic conditions, such as the chemical processes and chlorine activation reactions. If the air masses had spent slightly more time below the upper temperature limit for polar stratospheric cloud formation and in sunlight, ozone levels in parts of the vortex could have been reduced to near zero values.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Songkang Kim, Sang-Jong Park, Hana Lee, Dha Hyun Ahn, Yeonjin Jung, Taejin Choi, Bang Yong Lee, Seong-Joong Kim, Ja-Ho Koo
Summary: The study found that there are differences in total ozone column (TOC) measurements among satellite data in the austral spring in Antarctica, mainly attributed to the bias of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) TOC. Although all satellite TOCs show high correlations with Brewer TOCs, the quality of satellite TOCs varies regionally, highlighting the need to consider differences in multiple satellite data for better assessment of the spatiotemporal pattern of Antarctic TOC.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Klara Cizkova, Kamil Laska, Ladislav Metelka, Martin Stanek
Summary: This study investigates the dependence of spectral UV radiation on various atmospheric and terrestrial factors in the southern polar environment. Using a neural network model, the researchers found that solar zenith angle (SZA) had the greatest impact on UV irradiance, followed by cloud cover, total ozone column (TOC), and surface albedo. The study also observed that ozone holes and cloud cover affected the temporal distribution of high UV irradiances, with peaks occurring in spring and summer months. The findings highlight the importance of considering these factors in assessing UV radiation in polar regions.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Viktoria J. Nordstrom, Annika Seppala
Summary: Researchers investigated the impact of two equatorial atmospheric modes during the winters of 2019 and 2002 in the Southern Hemisphere, identifying factors that may lead to sudden stratospheric warming events. They suggest that certain early winter atmospheric patterns in the Southern Hemisphere may provide early clues to an imminent sudden stratospheric warming event.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Germar H. Bernhard, Richard L. McKenzie, Kathleen Lantz, Scott Stierle
Summary: The status of the stratospheric ozone layer is evaluated every 4 years by a group of experts. The assessment report includes a section with common Q&A about ozone depletion and related topics. Since 2002, a plot comparing UV Index data from Palmer Station, San Diego, and Barrow has been included in the Q&A. The revised plot, updated with data up to 2020, shows that the ozone hole has significantly increased the UV Index at Palmer Station. However, the increases in UV Index at Barrow and San Diego are relatively small.
PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yusuf A. Bhatti, Laura E. Revell, Adrian J. McDonald
Summary: In this study, anomalies in aerosol loading over the Southern Ocean due to stratospheric ozone depletion were investigated using historical simulations. The results show that the aerosol environment over the Southern Ocean in summertime is no longer representative of pre-ozone hole conditions due to increased marine aerosol fluxes indirectly influenced by stratospheric ozone depletion.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ma Xuan, Wang Lei
Summary: Temperature trends in the upper stratosphere are examined using satellite measurements and simulations from climate models. Observational evidence reveals a lack of cooling in the Antarctic during austral winter over a specific period, while simulations over a longer period also show contrasting temperature trends between the Antarctic and lower latitudes. Further analysis suggests that ozone-depleting substances have contributed significantly to the lack of cooling in the Antarctic upper stratosphere.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Olaf Morgenstern, Douglas E. Kinnison, Michael Mills, Martine Michou, Larry W. Horowitz, Pu Lin, Makoto Deushi, Kohei Yoshida, Fiona M. O'Connor, Yongming Tang, N. Luke Abraham, James Keeble, Fraser Dennison, Eugene Rozanov, Tatiana Egorova, Timofei Sukhodolov, Guang Zeng
Summary: Using nine chemistry-climate and eight associated no-chemistry models, this study examines the persistence and timing of cold episodes in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere from 1980 to 2014. The results show systematic differences in behavior between the chemistry and no-chemistry models, with the chemistry models exhibiting longer and earlier cold episodes compared to the lowest temperatures. Furthermore, the chemistry models often experience delayed lowest temperature occurrence by 1-3 weeks. The study highlights the need to retune chemistry-climate models compared to their no-chemistry counterparts.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. Kuttippurath, D. Ardra, S. Raj, W. Feng
Summary: This study reveals a seasonal minimum OH concentration over the Indian Ocean, particularly in the eastern Bay of Bengal region, with the lowest concentration occurring in April. This minimum concentration is associated with the emissions of SO2 from an active volcano and biomass burning in spring. The findings suggest that this seasonal OH minimum has significant implications for regional air quality and aerosol transport in the Indian Ocean.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geography
Rahul Kashyap, J. Kuttippurath, V. K. Patel
Summary: The study reveals that the lockdown measures in India due to the pandemic have significantly improved air quality, leading to enhanced vegetation growth and photosynthetic activity, particularly in croplands. This study is of great importance in addressing the challenges of food security caused by climate pollution and combating global warming through increased greening.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rahul Kashyap, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, Pankaj Kumar
Summary: Using remote sensing measurements, we quantified Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE) in India from 2000 to 2019, revealing the variability, drivers, and underlying mechanisms. Forests in hilly regions and the northeast, as well as croplands in western South India, exhibit high CUE, while northwest, Indo-Gangetic plain, and some areas in Central India show low CUE. Factors such as soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and air organic carbon content influence CUE. Our study highlights the importance of maintaining balance in the terrestrial carbon cycle for climate change mitigation, food security, and sustainability.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. Anjaneyan, J. Kuttippurath, P. V. Hareesh Kumar, S. M. Ali, Mini Raman
Summary: The Arabian Sea (AS) experiences Chl-a blooms during winter and early spring due to changing monsoon winds and associated processes. Recent changes in ocean dynamics and plankton composition have adversely affected the distribution of Chl-a concentration in AS. This study analyzes the long-term changes in bloom events and identifies factors such as sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth, winds, and currents that influence these blooms. The reduction in blooms observed in recent years could have significant implications for marine productivity and regional food security.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Peter, J. Kuttippurath, Kunal Chakraborty, N. Sunanda
Summary: Anthropogenic emissions have led to a significant increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) since the industrial revolution, causing global temperature rise. In this study, a high concentration CO2 pool was discovered in the middle troposphere over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) region, stretching from the western Pacific to the eastern Indian Ocean. The CO2 pool is influenced by the rising branch of the Walker circulation, and its concentration fluctuates throughout the year. The presence of this CO2 pool has serious implications for global warming and climate change.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Pathak, V. K. Patel, J. Kuttippurath
Summary: The COVID-19 lockdown had a significant impact on regional and global air quality. The atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) column decreased by 5-10% during the lockdown period compared to the pre-lockdown period in regions with high anthropogenic activity. However, this reduction was not observed in areas prone to wildfires and agricultural waste burning. The study highlights the importance of policy decisions and their implementations to improve air quality and protect public health and the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Twinkle Sathish, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, Aishwarya Purushothaman, K. S. Amal, Renju Mohan, Lix John, Lathika Cicily Thomas, K. B. Padmakumar
Summary: The study analyzes the recurrent winter blooms of green Noctiluca scintillans in the South Eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) over the past three consecutive years (2018-2021). The results show that the blooms are driven by coastal currents, which transport the bloom species from the east coast to the west coast of India. This study highlights the importance of oceanic currents in determining phytoplankton blooms in the coastal regions of the north Indian Ocean.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Review
Oceanography
N. Sunanda, J. Kuttippurath, A. Chakraborty, R. Peter
Summary: Phytoplankton contribute significantly to global net primary productivity and are crucial for marine ecosystems and food security. Changes in ocean temperature, salinity, mixed layer depth, ocean heat content, pH, and dissolved oxygen are identified as key stressors for marine ecosystems. Future projections suggest that the North Indian Ocean's primary productivity will be affected by increases in sea surface temperature and freshening in high saline regions. The main factors influencing primary productivity vary between the present and future scenarios, with oxygen levels, mixed layer depth, and oxygen minimum zones being important in the present period, while salinity, oxygen levels, and oxygen minimum zones become more important in the future scenarios. The interaction between stressors and their impact on primary productivity varies in different regions, with circulation and currents playing a dominant role in some regions. Overall, this study provides new insights into the spatio-temporal changes in stressors and their impact on the primary productivity of the North Indian Ocean.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rahul Kumar, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, G. S. Gopikrishnan, Pankaj Kumar, Hamza Varikoden
Summary: The Earth's surface temperatures have increased significantly since the beginning of industrialisation, primarily due to the high emissions of greenhouse gases. This study investigates the long-term trends of surface temperature in India and identifies the relative influences of atmospheric processes, aerosols, and specific humidity on temperature change.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Kuttippurath, S. Maishal, P. Anjaneyan, N. Sunanda, Kunal Chakraborty
Summary: Global oceanic regions are experiencing significant changes in temperature, oxygen levels, heat content, salinity, and biogeochemistry. This study focuses on estimating the changes in Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) in the north Indian Ocean (NIO), specifically the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, from 1998 to 2019. The findings reveal a considerable reduction in NPP since 1998, primarily due to the increase in sea surface temperature and changes in air mass trajectories affecting nutrient input and biogeochemical processes.
Article
Ecology
Bijan Kumar Das, T. S. Anandh, Arun Chakraborty, J. Kuttippurath
Summary: This study investigates the influence of two contrasting IOD events on the inconsistency of the western boundary current in the Bay of Bengal. The study finds that the IOD event in 2010 results in a more continuous and stronger boundary current, while the IOD event in 2008 leads to a more inconsistent and weaker current.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
B. R. Sharma, J. Kuttippurath, G. S. Gopikrishnan, M. Pathak
Summary: This study analyzes satellite observations from 2005 to 2020 and reveals an increasing trend in tropospheric NO2 concentrations in the Hindu Kush Himalaya and Tien Shan mountains. The main sources of NO2 in the region are road transport and the power sector. The study also highlights the pollution impact on the previously pristine inner regions of the Third Pole.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
S. Sarkar, J. Kuttippurath, V. K. Patel
Summary: India has a tropical monsoon climate with variations in rainfall and temperature across regions, and precipitation is closely linked to precipitable water vapour (PWV). Satellite and reanalysis data were used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of PWV in India from 1980 to 2020, as well as its potential drivers such as precipitation, surface temperature, and evapotranspiration. The results show that PWV is highest on the east coast and lowest in the Western Himalaya, with the highest values observed during the monsoon season. Inter-annual changes in PWV were influenced by the El Nino event in 1997-1998, with a peak in PWV observed during that period.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
G. S. Gopikrishnan, J. Kuttippurath, P. K. Thapliyal, M. V. Shukla
Summary: Frequent observations of atmospheric thermodynamic state are essential for nowcasting and short-range predictions of severe weather events. India has launched advanced weather satellites to meet these requirements, and this study validates the accuracy of data retrieved from these satellites. The results show that the temperature profiles are generally accurate within a small bias, with INSAT-3DR performing better than INSAT-3D. However, improvements can still be made to the retrieval algorithm.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geography
Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, Rahul Kashyap
Summary: Based on satellite data, this study reveals that India has experienced significant greening in the past two decades, mainly driven by croplands. Improved irrigation facilities, effective cropland management, and the use of nitrogen fertilisers are identified as key factors contributing to the greening of croplands.