Article
Biology
Parthasarathy Santhanam, Mst Hur Madina, Fernanda Matias Albuini, Caroline Labbe, Luciano Gomes Fietto, Richard R. Belanger
Summary: This study reveals that the effector pf2826 plays a crucial role in the biocontrol activity of P. flocculosa by interacting with plant PR proteins and a powdery mildew effector, altering the host-pathogen interaction.
Review
Plant Sciences
Liam German, Richa Yeshvekar, Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
Summary: Cell walls are critical for plant growth and development, providing support and protection. Callose, a type of glucan, accumulates in specialized cell wall microdomains, including plasmodesmata. It regulates important biological processes and affects the transport of signaling proteins and RNA molecules. The mechanisms controlling callose synthesis and degradation are still unresolved. This review explores recent literature on callose metabolism and its response to mutualistic symbionts and pathogenic elicitors.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Yue Huang, Biao Hu, Zhongyan Wei, Shiqi Shan, Chunyun Guo, Hehong Zhang, Yanjun Li, Jianping Chen, Xue Kang, Haijian Huang, Zongtao Sun
Summary: R. pedestris is a major pest in soybeans causing staygreen syndrome, and recent research suggests that its salivary proteins may play a crucial role in insect infestation. This study identified Rp2155 as a salivary effector protein that induces cell death and is specifically expressed in the salivary gland of R. pedestris. It was found that silencing Rp2155 can alleviate soybean staygreen symptoms caused by R. pedestris, suggesting that it could be a potential target for insect control.
Article
Microbiology
Zhen Huang, Huixue Li, Yuming Zhou, Yixue Bao, Zhenzhen Duan, Caixia Wang, Charles A. Powell, Baoshan Chen, Muqing Zhang, Wei Yao
Summary: In this study, 316 candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) in the fungus F. sacchari were identified using bioinformatic prediction approaches. The functions of 163 CSEPs were investigated using a heterogeneous expression system in N. benthamiana. We found that some CSEPs suppressed cell death while others caused cell death. Expression analysis of these CSEPs during F. sacchari infection suggested their involvement in sugarcane-F. sacchari interactions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lifeng Xiao, Qianqian Liu, Xiaolei Cao, Meixiu Chen, Lu Zhang, Zhaoqun Yao, Sifeng Zhao
Summary: Parasites like Phelipanche aegyptiaca interact with their host plants by secreting effector proteins, which decompose plant cell walls and inhibit plant immune responses. This study used transcriptomics to predict 209 candidate secreted effector proteins from P. aegyptiaca, including enzymes, inhibitors, transferases, kinases, and elicitors. Functional analysis of 20 candidate genes revealed that Cluster 15140.0 can suppress programmed cell death in tobacco plants. This research provides insights into the molecular nature of effector proteins and the parasite mechanism of P. aegyptiaca.
Article
Biology
Jingtao Li, Xiaoying Ma, Chenyang Wang, Sihui Liu, Gang Yu, Mingming Gao, Hengwei Qian, Mengjie Liu, Ben F. Luisi, Dean W. Gabriel, Wenxing Liang
Summary: The effector Fol-Secreted Virulence-related Protein1 (FolSvp1) of fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) regulates pathogenicity by binding and translocating the tomato pathogenesis-related protein1 (SlPR1) via acetylation, leading to the abolishment of defense signaling and facilitation of pathogen invasion.
Article
Microbiology
Caiping Huang, Junbo Peng, Wei Zhang, Thilini Chethana, Xuncheng Wang, Hui Wang, Jiye Yan
Summary: This study reveals that the effector protein LtGAPR1 interacts with host protein NbPsbQ2 to promote ROS accumulation and trigger plant defense response. LtGAPR1 negatively regulates infection of the pathogen L. theobromae.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Omer Acar, She Zhang, Ivet Bahar, Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis
Summary: This study investigates the high-level organization of the cell and the indirect relationships between genes by identifying the genes that propagate and receive information most effectively. The results demonstrate that elastic network modeling can be used to probe the high-level organization and cooperativity in the cell.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ipsita Nandi, Lior Aroeti, Rachana Pattani Ramachandran, Ephrem G. Kassa, Efrat Zlotkin-Rivkin, Benjamin Aroeti
Summary: Type III secretion system is utilized by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens to transport effectors into host cells. These effectors play a crucial role in virulence by manipulating host cell organelles, especially mitochondria. However, the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial activity of type III secreted effectors are not yet fully understood.
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jianjian Jiao, Nan Zheng, Wenjing Wei, Joy Fleming, Xingyun Wang, Zihui Li, Lili Zhang, Yi Liu, Zongde Zhang, Adong Shen, Li Chuanyou, Lijun Bi, Hongtai Zhang
Summary: The study reveals that M. tuberculosis CRISPR/Cas proteins not only act as a defensive shield against invasive nucleic acids intracellularly, but also have non-canonical extracellular roles in activating host immune responses like a virulent sword.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zsuzsanna Rethi-Nagy, Edit Abraham, Katalin Udvardy, Eva Klement, Zsuzsanna Darula, Margit Pal, Robert L. Katona, Vilmos Tubak, Tibor Pali, Zoltan Kota, Rita Sinka, Andor Udvardy, Zoltan Lipinszki
Summary: In this study, we identified and characterized a 13-mer protein segment derived from the p54/Rpn10 ubiquitin receptor subunit of the Drosophila 26S proteasome, named STABILON. Attachment of STABILON to unstable proteins significantly increased their concentration, and STABILON also acted as a dual function motif by increasing the concentration of corresponding mRNAs and preventing degradation of short-lived fusion proteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yumei Dong, Xingge Huang, Yuxia Yang, Jifen Li, Meiqian Zhang, Hui Shen, Yanrong Ren, Xinyu Li, Jiale Tian, Danyu Shen, Daolong Dou, Ai Xia
Summary: In this study, the transcriptome of the salivary glands of R. pedestris was sequenced to identify key effectors that induce plant damage. Four necrosis-inducing proteins (NIPs) were identified and their mechanisms of action were analyzed. The study provides new insights and theoretical basis for controlling R. pedestris.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Edgar A. Chavarro-Carrero, Jasper P. Vermeulen, David E. Torres, Toshiyuki Usami, Henk J. Schouten, Yuling Bai, Michael F. Seidl, Bart P. H. J. Thomma
Summary: Plant pathogens secrete effector molecules during invasion, some of which can be recognized by host receptors to trigger defense responses. A novel resistance in wild tomato, controlled by the V2 locus, was identified against a specific strain of the soil-borne vascular wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae. The avirulence effector Av2 was identified and found to have two allelic variants.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jake Colautti, Nathan P. Bullen, John C. Whitney
Summary: This study replicated previous findings and found that cells lacking PA0808 are not susceptible to AmpDh3, and there is no physical interaction between PA0808 and AmpDh3 in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, there is no evidence that AmpDh3 is exported from cells. These results cast doubt on the assertion that AmpDh3-PA0808 constitutes an H2-T6SS effector-immunity pair.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gabriel Duette, Bonnie Hiener, Hannah Morgan, Fernando G. Mazur, Vennila Mathivanan, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Katie Fisher, Orion Tong, Eunok Lee, Haelee Ahn, Ansari Shaik, Remi Fromentin, Rebecca Hoh, Charline Bacchus-Souffan, Najla Nasr, Anthony L. Cunningham, Peter W. Hunt, Nicolas Chomont, Stuart G. Turville, Steven G. Deeks, Anthony D. Kelleher, Timothy E. Schlub, Sarah Palmer
Summary: Through studying CD4(+) T cells of HIV-1 patients, the importance of effector memory T cells in the persistence of HIV-1 has been identified, and Nef has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Md Mahmudul Hassan, Samir Martin, Kai Feng, Timothy B. Yates, Guoliang Yuan, Madhavi Z. Martin, Stanton Martin, Wellington Muchero, Natalie A. Griffiths, David J. Weston, Xiaohan Yang
Summary: Silicon enhances plant tolerance to stressors and contributes to carbon sequestration. In this study, Si transporters and proteins related to silicification were identified in the bioenergy crop poplar. These findings have implications for improving Si accumulation, enhancing plant stress tolerance, and carbon sequestration in poplar.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Menglong Fan, XinLei Li, Ying Zhang, Meiying Yang, Si Wu, HengFu Yin, WeiXin Liu, ZhengQi Fan, JiYuan Li
Summary: This study characterized the anthocyanin profile of 20 C. sasanqua cultivars and revealed the regulatory mechanism of color diversity in this plant. Through transcriptome analysis, candidate genes and transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified. The findings provide valuable resources for studying flower color in C. sasanqua and for genetic modification of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Degao Liu, Dan Tang, Meng Xie, Jin Zhang, Longmei Zhai, Jiangping Mao, Chao Luo, Anna Lipzen, Yu Zhang, Emily Savage, Guoliang Yuan, Hao-Bo Guo, Dimiru Tadesse, Rongbin Hu, Sara Jawdy, Hua Cheng, Linling Li, Huseyin Yer, Miranda M. Clark, Huayu Sun, Jiyuan Shi, Roshani Budhathoki, Rahul Kumar, Troy Kamuda, Yanjun Li, Christa Pennacchio, Kerrie Barry, Jeremy Schmutz, Rajiv Berry, Wellington Muchero, Jin-Gui Chen, Yi Li, Gerald A. Tuskan, Xiaohan Yang
Summary: Agave REVEILLE1 regulates bud dormancy and bud break in Populus by repressing dormancy-related genes and up-regulating bud break-related genes. Heterologous expression of the AaRVE1 gene delays bud dormancy and accelerates bud break in poplar, leading to an increase in biomass yield. AaRVE1 functions as a transcriptional repressor and regulates the activity of the DRM1 promoter, demonstrating its role as a regulator of bud dormancy and bud break.
Review
Plant Sciences
Zhiguo Shen, Xin Ding, Jianming Cheng, Fangfang Wu, Hengfu Yin, Minyan Wang
Summary: Magnoliids are a major clade of flowering plants that have great economic and ecological values. The evolutionary status of magnoliids has become a hot topic in plant phylogenetic research due to the accumulation of genomic information. However, current studies on the phylogenetic status of magnoliids have produced inconsistent results.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suhang Yu, Jiyuan Li, Ting Peng, Sui Ni, Yi Feng, Qiushi Wang, Minyan Wang, Xian Chu, Zhengqi Fan, Xinlei Li, Hengfu Yin, Wanchuan Ge, Weixin Liu
Summary: In this study, a new member of the chalcone isomerase (CHI) gene family, CnCHI4, was identified in Camellia nitidissima. CnCHI4 plays an important role in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and its function is regulated by the transcription factor CnMYB7.
Letter
Plant Sciences
Yang Liu, Guoliang Yuan, Brennan Hyden, Gerald A. Tuskan, Paul E. Abraham, Xiaohan Yang
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hao-Bo Guo, Vanessa A. Varaljay, Gary Kedziora, Kimberly Taylor, Sanaz Farajollahi, Nina Lombardo, Eric Harper, Chia Hung, Marie Gross, Alexander Perminov, Patrick Dennis, Nancy Kelley-Loughnane, Rajiv Berry
Summary: This study investigates the structure and function of a protein from Acidimicrobiaceae TMED77 using the AlphaFold2 model. The results reveal that the protein is a corrinoid iron-sulfur protein that utilizes a specific cofactor and iron-sulfur clusters for catalysis. Simulation experiments suggest that it binds a specific substrate and supports the defluorination activity of a related homolog. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the AlphaFold2 model can predict the dynamic nature of ligand binding pockets.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Jianhua Dai, Yanru Fan, Shu Diao, Hengfu Yin, Xiaojiao Han, Jun Liu
Summary: This study analyzed the genetic diversity and core gene pool of T. sinensis and established a comprehensive evaluation method, resulting in the identification of a best core collection and the screening of superior individual plants. These findings will contribute to the preservation and utilization of T. sinensis germplasm resources, as well as the improvement of T. sinensis varieties.
Article
Biology
Guoliang Yuan, Haiwei Lu, Kuntal De, Md Mahmudul Hassan, Yang Liu, Md. Torikul Islam, Wellington Muchero, Gerald A. Tuskan, Xiaohan Yang
Summary: This study establishes split selectable marker systems using inteins, protein splicing elements, for dual gene transformation in plants. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated by reconstituting a visible marker, RUBY, from two non-functional fragments through tobacco leaf infiltration. The utility of these systems is further validated in Arabidopsis and poplar by successfully stacking two reporter genes using split Kanamycin or Hygromycin resistance markers. In conclusion, this method enables efficient co-transformation of multiple genes in both herbaceous and woody plants, providing a valuable tool for plant genetic improvement.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Emiko K. Stuart, Vasanth Singan, Mojgan Amirebrahimi, Hyunsoo Na, Vivian Ng, Igor Grigoriev, Francis Martin, Ian C. Anderson, Jonathan M. Plett, Krista L. Plett
Summary: This study aimed to identify the physiological and genetic properties of both ectomycorrhizal fungi and their host plants that influence carbon transfer. The findings showed that fungal carbon acquisition was positively correlated with fungal biomass production and the expression of specific carbon metabolism genes, while plant carbon transfer was associated with the expression of defense- and stress-related genes, rather than the number of colonized root tips.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Krista L. Plett, Dominika Wojtalewicz, Ian C. Anderson, Jonathan M. Plett
Summary: This study investigates the transfer of nitrogen (N) from ECM fungi of the Pisolithus genus to the host plant, and finds that fungal N metabolism plays a crucial role in N transfer to the host. Basic biochemical analyses can potentially predict N transfer in this symbiotic interaction.