Article
Optics
The Anh Nguyen, Ming-Chang M. Lee
Summary: An ultra-thin Si-padded Si3N4 waveguide was proposed, with a very thin Si slab and a Si3N4 strip separated by a SiO2 layer. The measured waveguide propagation loss is low at 0.055 dB/cm, and the bending loss is within an acceptable range. Part of the waveguide mode is distributed in the Si slab, showing potential for low-loss and high-speed photonic integrated circuits.
Article
Optics
Jake Bass, Huong Tran, Wei Du, Richard Soref, Shui-Qing Yu
Summary: Si photonics platform exhibits strong nonlinear effects, especially at 1.55 μm wavelength where two-photon absorption losses and free carrier effects limit the dynamic range. By operating at wavelengths beyond 2.2 μm, it is possible to eliminate two-photon absorption and potentially expand the application range of Si photonics.
Article
Optics
Alexander D. White, Geun Ho Ahn, Kasper Van Gasse, Ki Youl Yang, Lin Chang, John E. Bowers, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: This article demonstrates an integrated approach for passively isolating a continuous-wave laser using the non-reciprocal Kerr nonlinearity in ring resonators. By using silicon nitride as the model platform, the authors achieve single ring isolation of 17-23 dB with 1.8-5.5 dB insertion loss, and cascaded ring isolation of 35 dB with 5 dB insertion loss. They also demonstrate hybrid integration and isolation with a semiconductor laser chip using these devices.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rahmandhika Firdauzha Hary Hernandha, Bharath Umesh, Purna Chandra Rath, Le Thi Thu Trang, Ju-Chao Wei, Yu-Chun Chuang, Ju Li, Jeng-Kuei Chang
Summary: The lithiation/delithiation properties of alpha-Si3N4 and beta-Si3N4 are compared and the carbon coating effects are examined. Then, beta-Si3N4 at various fractions is used as the secondary phase in a Si anode to modify the electrode properties. The incorporated beta-Si3N4 decreases the crystal size of Si and introduces a new N-Si-O species at the beta-Si3N4/Si interface.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Robert B. Heimann
Summary: Silicon nitride ceramics excel in mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, making them suitable for applications in various technically challenging fields. Recent research has also made silicon nitride suitable for biomedical applications.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chaoran Huang, Aashu Jha, Thomas Ferreira de Lima, Alexander N. Tait, Bhavin J. Shastri, Paul R. Prucnal
Summary: The integrated device based on microring resonator assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer offers high programmability and switching contrast for nonlinear optical signal processing. It can serve as a multi-purpose optical processor with functionalities such as signal contrast improvement and pulse carving. The device shows potential for system-level applications in optical interconnects and photonic neural networks.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Soonil Lee, Li Ji, Alex C. De Palma, Edward T. Yu
Summary: This study demonstrates improved Si-based metal-insulator-semiconductor photoanodes with thick insulating layers fabricated using thin-film reactions and electrodeposition, which show enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance with low onset potential, high saturation current density, and excellent stability.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Partha Mondal, P. Venkatachalam, Radhakant Singh, Sneha Shelwade, Gali Sushma, Shankar K. Selvaraja
Summary: We present the linear and nonlinear characterization of a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRSN) racetrack ring resonator for on-chip applications in the telecommunication wavelength range. The SRSN waveguide parameters are optimized to achieve flat dispersion in the telecom band using ellipsometry measurements of the refractive index profile. The thermal-optic coefficient of the micro-resonator is measured to be 3.2825 x 10-5 degrees C-1 by analyzing the temperature-dependent transmission spectra, indicating excellent thermal stability in the telecom band. Power-dependent transmission spectra reveal the presence of nonlinear losses in the visible and near-IR regions, while the telecom band shows no nonlinear losses, making the SRSN-based structure suitable for linear and nonlinear applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hasan Huseyin Canar, Gence Bektas, Rasit Turan
Summary: In this study, the optical, chemical, and electrical properties of SiNx and SiOxNy films prepared under different process conditions were experimentally analyzed. The C-V measurements showed that SiOxNy films have lower interface state density and fixed charge density than SiNx films. Additionally, calculations on the FTIR spectra indicated that SiNx films have a significantly higher hydrogen amount compared to SiOxNy films, which is important for reducing interface traps. The passivation results obtained from PCD measurement were explained using C-V and FTIR measurements for single SiNx, single SiOxNy, and their stack layers on p-type and n-type Si wafers. The results suggest that depositing a very thin SiOxNy layer with low Dit beneath SiNx layer with high Qf and H amount provides superior passivation on p-type and n-type Si wafers, and this passivation is further improved by a subsequent fast-firing process.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Haofan Yang, Jing Xu, Zhongfei Xiong, Xinda Lu, Ruo-Yang Zhang, Hanghang Li, Yuntian Chen, Shuang Zhang
Summary: The scattering immune propagation of light in topological photonic systems may revolutionize the design of integrated photonic circuits for information processing and communications. The spin-valley Hall effect (SVHE) is proposed as a way to expand topologically protected edge channels and enhance information multiplexing. An experimentally feasible platform based on coupled ring resonators mediated by optical Kerr nonlinearity is suggested to realize SVHE for light and achieve spin-valley photonics in optical communication systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Katrin Pingen, Stefan Neuhaus, Niklas Wolff, Lorenz Kienle, Agne Zukauskaite, Elizabeth von Hauff, Alexander M. Hinz
Summary: The increasing demand for More than Moore devices requires epitaxy technology to keep up with the discovery and deployment of new semiconductors. An emerging technology for cost-effective, device-quality growth is magnetron sputter epitaxy, though detailed studies on the process itself remain scarce.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Dongjoo Bae, Doowon Lee, Jinsu Jung, Sungho Kim, Hee-Dong Kim
Summary: In this study, self-rectifying resistive switching property was observed in Ti/Zr3N2/p-Si and Ti/Zr2N/p-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors, with the Zr3N2 film showing higher trap density and more stable performance.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Jie Zhang, Fei Li, Liran Dong, Zhanglin Chen, Wei Cui, Songmo Du, Shijia Zhang, Kexin Chen, Guanghua Liu
Summary: Spherical Si@Si3N4 granules were successfully synthesized using in situ combustion synthesis. The granules have a dense internal structure without cracks, and the Si3N4 grains on the surface are well-bonded without the use of binders. The synthesized granules show great potential for heat dissipation in electronic devices.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dawn T. H. Tan, D. K. T. Ng, J. W. Choi, E. Sahin, B-U Sohn, G. F. R. Chen, P. Xing, H. Gao, Y. Cao
Summary: This article reviews the recent progress in USRN-based nonlinear integrated optics devices, discussing their impacts such as high gain optical parametric amplification and observations of soliton effects in photonic waveguides. The future outlook of CMOS-compatible USRN-based nonlinear optics is also assessed.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiushan Du, Yuke Zhai, Leonardo Midolo, Lin Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a method for efficient frequency conversion using a nanomechanical silicon-rich nitride waveguide device, to address the frequency conversion challenge in on-demand single-photon sources. Numerical results show that optimal conversion efficiency over 99% and high signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved when the waveguide loss is negligible.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valerio Vitali, Cosimo Lacava, Thalia Dominguez Bucio, Frederic Y. Gardes, Periklis Petropoulos
Summary: We propose a versatile strategy to design highly efficient dual-level grating couplers in different silicon nitride-based photonic platforms. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed technique achieves high directionality and grating-fibre mode matching by simultaneously optimizing two grating coupler levels. The use of Si-rich silicon nitride as the top layer material enables similar performance to traditional silicon material with relaxed fabrication tolerances.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Eric Numkam Fokoua, Seyed Abokhamis Mousavi, Gregory T. Jasion, David J. Richardson, Francesco Poletti
Summary: In recent years, advances in hollow-core optical fiber technology have resulted in reduced attenuation levels comparable to solid-core fibers. This has renewed interest in the technology and the expectation of achieving highly transparent light propagation across all wavelengths. This review examines the physical mechanisms driving attenuation in both legacy photonic bandgap and antiresonant hollow-core fibers. It discusses intrinsic and extrinsic loss mechanisms, as well as provides scaling rules and design guidelines for low-loss hollow-core fibers.
ADVANCES IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xuhao Wei, Austin Taranta, Bo Shi, Meng Ding, Zitong Feng, David J. Richardson, Francesco Poletti, Radan Slavik
Summary: Thermal phase sensitivity in optical fibers is undesirable for fiber interferometers and applications requiring a fixed phase. Using hollow core fiber reduces thermal phase sensitivity, and coiling the fiber further reduces this sensitivity significantly.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zitong Feng, Hesham Sakr, John R. Hayes, Eric Numkam Fokoua, Meng Ding, Francesco Poletti, David J. Richardson, Radan Slavik
Summary: Optical fibers with a low thermal coefficient have been developed for frequency and timing transmission. A new hollow core fiber with a thin acrylate coating has been shown to have a stable thermal coefficient over a wide temperature range and can be insensitive to temperature around -134 degrees C.
Article
Optics
Kunhao Ji, Di Lin, Ian A. Davidson, Siyi Wang, Joel Carpenter, Yoshimichi Amma, Yongmin Jung, Massimiliano Guasoni, David J. Richardson
Summary: Higher-order Poincare sphere (HOPS) beams with spatially variable polarization and phase distributions have unique applications in optical communication and microscopy. Generating these beams with high peak power from compact laser systems remains a challenge. In this study, we demonstrate the controlled generation of HOPS beams using coherent beam combination from an Yb-doped multicore fiber (MCF) amplifier, achieving peak powers up to 14 kW for similar to 92 ps pulses.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ljubisa Stankovica, Danilo P. Mandic
Summary: Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) are increasingly popular for learning on irregular domains, but their underlying principles are often overlooked due to the opaque nature of neural networks.
IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
John D. Downie, Yongmin Jung, Sergejs Makovejs, Merrion P. Edwards, David J. Richardson
Summary: We compare different options for amplification in trans-oceanic repeatered submarine systems using multicore fiber transmission. Our analysis focuses on relative cable capacity and relative system cost/bit. We evaluate the optical performance of parallel single-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (SC-EDFAs) and multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (MC-EDFAs) with various configurations. Key parameters like noise figure, amplifier bandwidth, electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency, and amplifier cost impact the expected capacity and cost/bit performance. Our findings show that MC-EDFAs with either core- or cladding-pumping may offer lower cost/bit compared to parallel SC-EDFAs, but cladding-pumping could reduce cable capacities due to higher noise figure and potentially lower amplifier bandwidth.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yaonan Hou, Ilias Skandalos, Mingchu Tang, Hui Jia, Huiwen Deng, Xuezhe Yu, Yasir Noori, Spyros Stathopoulos, Siming Chen, Huiyun Liu, Alwyn Seeds, Graham Reed, Frederic Gardes
Summary: We investigate the surface and interface engineering on InAs quantum dot emitters using edge-emitting light-emitting diodes encapsulated with non-stoichiometric silicon nitride (SiN) layers. Our findings show that silicon-rich SiN is an excellent choice for both electrical and optical passivation, reducing surface recombination. However, N-rich SiN deposited by the same method does not provide effective passivation under electrical injection. This research provides important insights for the monolithic integration of InAs quantum dot emitters with CMOS photonics components.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2023)
Article
Optics
Weiwei Zhang, Martin Ebert, Ke Li, Bigeng Chen, Xingzhao Yan, Han Du, Mehdi Banakar, Dehn T. Tran, Callum G. Littlejohns, Adam Scofield, Guomin Yu, Roshanak Shafiiha, Aaron Zilkie, Graham Reed, David J. Thomson
Summary: Researchers have proposed a mechanism to enhance the extinction ratio of a low-quality-factor, high-speed ring modulator by harnessing the plasma absorption induced in a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor waveguide, paving a way to the evolution of optical interconnects to 100 Gbaud and beyond per wavelength.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhenpeng Feng, Milos Dakovic, Hongbing Ji, Xianda Zhou, Mingzhe Zhu, Xiyang Cui, Ljubisa Stankovic
Summary: Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can synthesize photo-realistic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and modified GANs like InfoGAN can edit specific properties by introducing latent codes. However, there is still a lack of clear explanation on how these latent codes affect the properties, making property editing unreliable and time-consuming. This paper shows that latent codes have a nonlinear impact on SAR image properties and proposes property estimators to quantify the causality between latent codes and properties. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the property estimators in computing property values and obtaining desired latent codes for property manipulation.
Article
Optics
Valerio Vitali, Thalia Dominguez Bucio, Cosimo Lacava, Riccardo Marchetti, Lorenzo Mastronardi, Teerapat Rutirawut, Glenn Churchill, Joaquin Faneca, James C. Gates, Frederic Gardes, Periklis Petropoulos
Summary: This paper presents the design and experimental demonstration of a dual-level grating coupler with subdecibel efficiency for a 220 nm thick silicon photonics waveguide. The device consists of two grating levels with two different linear apodizations, opposite chirping signs, and variable period for each scattering unit. The experimental results show a coupling efficiency of -0.8 dB at 1550 nm, which is the highest efficiency reported in the telecommunications C-band for a single-layer silicon grating structure without the use of any backreflector or index matching material.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gregory T. Jasion, Hesham Sakr, John R. Hayes, Seyed Reza Sandoghchi, Lucy Hooper, Eric Numkam Fokoua, Arsalan Saljoghei, Hans Christian Mulvad, Marcelo Alonso, Austin Taranta, Thomas D. Bradley, Ian A. Davidson, Yong Chen, David J. Richardson, Francesco Poletti
Summary: This study presents the first double-nested antiresonant hollow core fiber, which matches the loss of commercial solid core fibers in the C-band and fundamentally improves it in the O-band.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)