Article
Environmental Sciences
Emily Rowlands, Tamara Galloway, Clara Manno
Summary: Polar marine ecosystems may be more sensitive to plastic pollution due to various factors such as physical and biological features, accumulation of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, and climate change. The study discusses the sources and exposure to micro- and nano-plastic in polar marine ecosystems, as well as the potential mixture effects with chemical and climate-related stressors. It also addresses the risks for keystone polar species and potential future research directions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Dolors Vaque, Julia A. Boras, Jesus Maria Arrieta, Susana Agusti, Carlos M. Duarte, Maria Montserrat Sala
Summary: The study found that in Arctic and Antarctic waters, viral and prokaryote abundances, as well as virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, were higher in the ocean surface microlayer (SML) than in subsurface waters (SSW). This resulted in a faster utilization of dissolved organic carbon released in the SML by other prokaryotes, affecting the functioning of the microbial food web.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld
Summary: This study measured the carbonate system in two temperate estuaries, one isolated and the other well-connected, between 2015 and 2018. The results showed that winter conditions were estimated within the range of observational uncertainty. However, spring-summer primary productivity elevated pH and mineral saturation states above theoretical lines, beyond uncertainty. The study also found that both estuaries were sensitive in winter and likely to experience rapid pH changes with increased inorganic carbon inputs.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Di Qi, Yingxu Wu, Liqi Chen, Wei-Jun Cai, Zhangxian Ouyang, Yixing Zhang, Leif G. Anderson, Richard A. Feely, Yanpei Zhuang, Hongmei Lin, Ruibo Lei, Haibo Bi
Summary: This study presents a 17-year observational data set in the Chukchi Sea, showing that pH and aragonite saturation state have declined at rates 2-3 times faster than those solely due to increasing atmospheric CO2. The rapid acidification can be attributed to increased dissolved inorganic carbon from ice melt-induced CO2 invasion and subsurface remineralization induced by nutrient-rich Pacific water inflow.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuang Zhang, Yingxu Wu, Wei-Jun Cai, Wenju Cai, Richard A. Feely, Zhaomin Wang, Toste Tanhua, Yanmin Wang, Chengyan Liu, Xichen Li, Qinghua Yang, Minghu Ding, Zhongsheng Xu, Rodrigo Kerr, Yiming Luo, Xiao Cheng, Liqi Chen, Di Qi
Summary: Dense shelf water flow plays a significant role in pumping CO2 to the deep ocean. The formation of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) contributes to sequestering carbon, but it also leads to acidification. This study highlights the importance of AABW in controlling carbon uptake and storage in the Southern Ocean.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Liyang Zhan, Jiexia Zhang, Man Wu, Jian Liu, Wangwang Ye, Heng Sun, Xianghui Guo, Jun Zhao, Zhongyong Gao
Summary: This study collected water samples within 500 meters of the Antarctic Peninsula and analyzed them for dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and dissolved N2O. The results showed different patterns of anthropogenic carbon uptake and acidification progress in two adjacent regions. However, the pH values indicated similar acidification status in the subsurface waters influenced by these regions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julia Schmale, Sangeeta Sharma, Stefano Decesari, Jakob Pernov, Andreas Massling, Hans-Christen Hansson, Knut von Salzen, Henrik Skov, Elisabeth Andrews, Patricia K. Quinn, Lucia M. Upchurch, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Rita Traversi, Stefania Gilardoni, Mauro Mazzola, James Laing, Philip Hopke
Summary: Despite its remote location, aerosol properties observed in the Arctic are strongly influenced by anthropogenic emissions from outside the Arctic. In the summer, local Arctic sources become important due to changes in atmospheric transport patterns and increased precipitation. Reductions in anthropogenic emissions have taken place in recent decades, but climate forcing has led to enhanced natural emissions that may impact aerosol properties. This study analyzes aerosol chemical species and particle optical properties from multiple Arctic observatories to understand changes in anthropogenic and natural aerosol contributions. The analysis reveals both annual cycles and long-term trends, and highlights the need for long-term observations to capture smaller changes and understand the ongoing natural changes in the Arctic.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenrui Yao, Ke Gui, Yu Zheng, Lei Li, Yaqiang Wang, Huizheng Che, Xiaoye Zhang
Summary: This study characterizes the seasonal cycles and trends of aerosols in the Arctic region. It found substantial seasonal and geographical variations in the distribution of aerosols, with Eurasia contributing the most. The study also showed that aerosols in the free troposphere have a higher influence in eastern Siberia and North America compared to northern Eurasia and its coasts.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Clara J. M. Hoppe
Summary: The end of polar night marks the start of photosynthetic biomass production in the Arctic marine ecosystem, with the spring bloom being the most crucial event. This dataset reveals significant in situ biomass accumulation during the dark-light transition in the high Arctic for the first time, as well as the earliest positive net primary production rates recorded.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Young-Joo Kwon, Sungwook Hong, Jeong-Won Park, Seung Hee Kim, Jong-Min Kim, Hyun-Cheol Kim
Summary: The study estimated the minimum brightness temperature of seawater in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, finding significant differences in seasonal variability and a link between Arctic summer temperature anomalies and exceptionally high sea surface temperatures. Evidence of Arctic amplification was also discovered in the seasonal variability of Arctic brightness temperature.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kees van der Geest, Romy van den Berg
Summary: This paper reviews the evidence on slow-onset events presented in two reports published in 2019 and analyzes how they deal with the eight types of slow-onset events specified by the UNFCCC. By using qualitative data analysis software, the authors coded and analyzed information about each type of slow-onset event, helping to identify gaps and challenges in understanding the nature, impact, and effective management approaches of slow-onset events.
CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan H. Cohen, Kim S. Last, Corie L. Charpentier, Finlo Cottier, Malin Daase, Laura Hobbs, Geir Johnsen, Jorgen Berge
Summary: Light plays a crucial role in the ecology of organisms on Earth, especially in extreme light conditions in polar regions, where organisms exhibit unique behavioral and physiological responses.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mark R. England
Summary: This study reveals that the fluctuation in Arctic surface temperature is influenced by anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gas emissions, while the temperature fluctuations in Antarctica are related to Pacific decadal variability. The research demonstrates that internally driven fluctuations at the two poles are not systematically correlated.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anjali Gopakumar, Julia Giebichenstein, Evgeniia Raskhozheva, Katrine Borga
Summary: This study quantified mercury concentrations, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in polar cod, Atlantic cod, and capelin sampled from the North-West and North-East Barents Sea. The research found that mercury concentrations varied between species and regions, but remained below toxicity thresholds for fish health and human consumption. Atlantic cod in the North-East had the highest mercury concentrations due to its larger size, higher trophic position, and benthopelagic feeding, while polar cod in the North-East had higher mercury concentrations than in the North-West, likely due to differences in food web structure and mercury exposure.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susana Flecha, Alex Gimenez-Romero, Joaquin Tintore, Fiz F. Perez, Eva Alou-Font, Manuel A. Matias, Iris E. Hendriks
Summary: This study evaluated the pH variability at two sites in the coastal area of the Balearic Sea and used recurrent neural networks to predict and fill data gaps. The results show that the pH in this region decreases at a rate of approximately 0.0020 units per year.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
E. H. Shadwick, T. W. Trull, B. Tilbrook, A. J. Sutton, E. Schulz, C. L. Sabine
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2015)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Susanne E. Craig, Helmuth Thomas, Chris T. Jones, William K. W. Li, Blair J. W. Greenan, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, William J. Burt
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
(2015)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
E. H. Shadwick, B. Tilbrook, N. Cassar, T. W. Trull, S. R. Rintoul
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
(2015)
Article
Oceanography
Simone R. Alin, Russell E. Brainard, Nichole N. Price, Jan A. Newton, Anne Cohen, William T. Peterson, Eric H. DeCarlo, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Scott Noakes, Nina Bednarsek
Article
Oceanography
E. H. Shadwick, B. Tilbrook, K. I. Currie
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2017)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Brian Fry, Dubravko Justic, Philip Riekenberg, Erick M. Swenson, R. Eugene Turner, Lixia Wang, Lora Pride, Nancy N. Rabalais, Janis C. Kurtz, John C. Lehrter, Michael C. Murrell, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Brandon Boyd
ESTUARIES AND COASTS
(2015)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
E. H. Shadwick, S. R. Rintoul, B. Tilbrook, G. D. Williams, N. Young, A. D. Fraser, H. Marchant, J. Smith, T. Tamura
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2013)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicholas P. Roden, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Bronte Tilbrook, Thomas W. Trull
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Helmuth Thomas
Article
Oceanography
Simon Pineault, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Michel Gosselin, Helmuth Thomas, Elizabeth Shadwick
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2013)
Article
Oceanography
Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Lisa A. Miller, Gauthier Carnat, Elizabeth Shadwick, Helmuth Thomas, Simon Pineault, Tim N. Papakyriakou
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2013)
Article
Oceanography
Sergio R. Signorini, Antonio Mannino, Raymond G. Najjar, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Wei-Jun Cai, Joe Salisbury, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, Helmuth Thomas, Elizabeth Shadwick
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2013)
Article
Oceanography
E. H. Shadwick, B. Tilbrook, G. D. Williams
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2014)
Article
Ecology
Katja Fennel, Simone Alin, Leticia Barbero, Wiley Evans, Timothee Bourgeois, Sarah Cooley, John Dunne, Richard A. Feely, Jose Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Xinping Hu, Steven Lohrenz, Frank Muller-Karger, Raymond Najjar, Lisa Robbins, Elizabeth Shadwick, Samantha Siedlecki, Nadja Steiner, Adrienne Sutton, Daniela Turk, Penny Vlahos, Zhaohui Aleck Wang