Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Wei Wang, Guangrui Yang, Jianchao Yang, Jianhui Wang, Xing Wang
Summary: With the rising of terrorism around the world, new materials and new protection technologies have rapidly developed. This article studied the anti-blast performance of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs strengthened with polyisocyanate oxazolidine (POZD) coated corrugated steel through contact blast tests and numerical simulations. The results demonstrated that the explosion resistance was the best when the ratio of the thickness of corrugated steel to the thickness of POZD was 3:2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
A. Gargano, R. Das, A. P. Mouritz
Summary: Naval ships are at risk from explosive blasts and therefore require sandwich composite structures that can resist extreme deformation and damage. An experimental study compared the blast response of sandwich composite panels with different core materials and laminate facesheets. The study found that fiberglass laminate facesheets were more resistant to blast-induced damage than carbon fiber facesheets, and balsa wood was more extensively damaged compared to polymer foam.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhixiang Xiong, Wei Wang, Guocai Yu, Jian Ma, Weiming Zhang, Linzhi Wu
Summary: This study presents a non-explosive method for simulating blast loading on reinforced concrete (RC) slabs using a newly developed blast simulator. Both experimental and numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate the method's effectiveness. The results showed that the non-explosive method can produce a pressure wave similar to an actual blast and provide a safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional explosive methods for simulating blast loading on RC slabs.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Elizabeth H. Denis, Kelsey A. Morrison, Sonia Wharton, Shane Phillips, Stephen C. Myers, Michael P. Foxe, Robert G. Ewing
Summary: This study investigated the detection and quantification of intact molecules of high explosive compounds in post-detonation dust, using atmospheric flow tube-mass spectrometry technology. Results showed that the aerial distribution of molecular residue correlated with plume dynamics, which were influenced by wind conditions. The quantity of material detected appeared to be more dependent on distance from the shot and wind conditions rather than shot size.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shilang Xu, Ping Wu, Qinghua Li, Fei Zhou, Bokun Chen
Summary: This paper investigates the dynamic properties, damage characteristics, and failure laws of reactive powder concrete (RPC) subjected to blasts using embedded explosives. Results show that RPC has superior blast resistance compared to high-strength concrete (HSC). A modified constitutive model is used to predict the failure mode of RPC targets, which aligns well with experimental results.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
S. Nasiri, M. Sadegh-Yazdi, S. M. Mousavi, M. Ziya-Shamami, T. M. Mostofi
Summary: The present research focuses on the free explosive forming of metallic plates using repeated underwater shock-wave loading. Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted, showing that repeated loading results in smoother deformation profiles and lower maximum thinning percentage. Numerical simulation was carried out to verify the experimental results and showed excellent formability for repeated loading conditions.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Nguyen Hoang Ha, Nguyen Trong Long, Le Nguyen The Khoi, Dinh Gia Ninh, Nguyen Chi Hung, Cong Thanh Nguyen, Dzung Viet Dao
Summary: The paper investigates the free vibration and nonlinear behaviors of a new plate structure called double-variable-edge (DVE) plates under the impact of uniform time-dependent blast load. The study uses laminated functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite (FG-GRC) material described by the extended Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The motion equations are established based on classical plates theory (CPT) and solved to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the system. The results confirm the accuracy and reliability of the present work and provide insights into the effects of materials, geometrics, temperature environment, and fluid.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Sheng Peng, Sheng Wan, Yingkang Yao, Yongsheng Jia, Li He, Lujun Cai
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic response of rectangular recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (RRACFST) columns under blast loads. The results show that RRACFST columns can effectively withstand explosion loads and their protective performance can be improved by selecting appropriate steel tube thickness.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qinxue Pan, Shuangyang Li, Yang Liu, Xiaoyu Xu, Meile Chang, Yunmiao Zhang
Summary: This study establishes a PBX model, analyzes the relationship between the material's elastic modulus and explosive particle factors, and designs a nondestructive testing system to determine the stress distribution and microcracks in the material.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Victor Georgievich Shmorgun, Artem Igorevich Bogdanov, Vitaliy Pavlovich Kulevich, Aleksandr Olegovich Taube
Summary: The results of studies on explosively welded NiCr-alloy (Cr20Ni80) + titanium alloy (OT4/VT20) composites are presented, including the calculation of main parameters of explosive welding, determination of wavy profile parameters and peel strength of composites, and analysis of changes in structure and properties of the welded joint. It was found that the molten metal formed heterogeneous mixtures based on various solid solutions and intermetallics. Finite element modeling indicated the lifetime of the molten metal in the liquid state during the welding process and the formation of both stable crystalline and unstable (amorphous) phases.
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingrui Shang, Zhenglun Tian, Supan Wang, Min Hua, Xuhai Pan, Shicheng Shi, Juncheng Jiang
Summary: A 17 L cube vessel was designed to simulate the explosive boiling of high-pressure liquefied gas after leakage, and the influence of leakage conditions on the process was investigated. The study found that the position and diameter of the crack, as well as the initial liquid fill level, had significant effects on the leakage and pressure rebound. A concept of the critical liquid level difference was proposed to predict the occurrence of BLEVE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Civil
S. M. Anas, Mehtab Alam, Mohammad Umair
Summary: The rising fanaticism and rapid industrialization globally have made structures more vulnerable to direct threats generated from accidental and explosion-induced air-blast loads. This paper presents a comprehensive review of major publications addressing the blast response of reinforced concrete slabs, discussing various damage modes, parameters affecting spall damage, experimental investigations, numerical modeling, and techniques to improve blast resistance.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
J. W. Denny, A. S. Dickinson, G. S. Langdon
Summary: This paper evaluates existing PBI criteria and provides ideal blast wave parameters for blast injury research and clinical practice. Simulating realistic and injury-specific blast conditions can support blast injury research, emergency response, and hazard preparedness.
MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Irena Pilch, Agnieszka Turska-Kawa, Paulina Wardawy, Agata Olszanecka-Marmola, Wiktoria Smolkowska-Jedo
Summary: The number of psychological studies on conspiracy beliefs has been increasing for over a decade, with a particular focus in recent years due to movements based on conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have found correlations between various factors such as cognition, motivation, and personality, with conspiracy beliefs, and these beliefs are associated with unfavorable attitudes and behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Muhammed Rizvan Akram, Ali Yesilyurt
Summary: In this research, a security check-post made of reinforced concrete frame filled with plain cement concrete was chosen to study the behavior of structural elements under blast loading. Eight dynamite blasts with varying amounts of explosive charge were carried out, and pressure and acceleration time history records were measured. The results were compared with earlier researchers to check the compatibility of developed equations.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Erick B. F. Galante, Nathalie Mai, Melissa K. Ladyman, Philip P. Gill, Tracey J. Temple, Frederic Coulon
Summary: The study aimed to identify the gaseous emissions and energetic material residues generated through the combustion of Insensitive High Explosive (IHE) compositions containing 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The results showed that DNAN was the most resistant to burning, leaving significant quantities of unreacted starting material in the vial, and had an inhibitory effect on the combustion of NTO and RDX. The study concluded that open-burning DNAN-based formulations for IHE disposal is environmentally unfavorable due to the generation of solid residues and unburnt DNAN.
JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Asif Iqbal, Andreas Kafizas, Carlos Sotelo-Vazquez, Rachel Wilson, Min Ling, Alaric Taylor, Chris Blackman, Kirk Bevan, Ivan Parkin, Raul Quesada-Cabrera
Summary: Recent studies have shown that nanostructured core-shell WO3/TiO2 (WT) heterojunctions can efficiently degrade organic pollutants, with significantly enhanced electron and hole recombination lifetimes and effective transfer between WO3 and TiO2. The combination of theoretical calculations and experimental measures provides insights into the superior photocatalytic efficiency and critical charge transfer processes in this model heterojunction photocatalyst.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Fan Cui, Yunyan Zhang, H. Aruni Fonseka, Premrudee Promdet, Ali Imran Channa, Mingqing Wang, Xueming Xia, Sanjayan Sathasivam, Hezhuang Liu, Ivan P. Parkin, Hui Yang, Ting Li, Kwang-Leong Choy, Jiang Wu, Christopher Blackman, Ana M. Sanchez, Huiyun Liu
Summary: The use of a thin layer of TiO2 deposited by atomic layer deposition can provide robust protection to III-V semiconductor nanowires, enhancing both their stability and performance in water-splitting applications. The protected nanowires showed improved photoluminescence intensity retention, higher photocurrent density, and a record-long highly stable performance compared to unprotected counterparts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the TiO2 layer as a protective coating.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Peter J. Wilkinson, Matthew C. Weaver, Guillaume Kister, Philip P. Gill
Summary: This paper reports on the production of two composite propellants made from a commercially-available-polymer as binder using a resonant acoustic mixer slurry process. The propellants exhibited similar theoretical ballistic performance to conventional HTPB-based propellants and showed chemical compatibility between SEBS and the solid fillers. The novel combination of RAM and slurry coating process demonstrated the feasibility of using SEBS polymer as a binder for solid propellants.
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Stefan Kucharski, Chris Blackman
Summary: Historically, gas sensing literature has focused on the mechanisms of oxygen species adsorbed from the ambient atmosphere, but the actual representation and adsorption site are often not well described. Recent advancements in computational modeling and experimental surface science have shed light on the interactions between oxygen and other species on the surface of SnO2, offering insights for future materials design and optimization.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christopher Blackman
Summary: The author discusses direct experimental evidence supporting the ionosorption theory and proposes an alternative framework based on a surface conductivity model, aiming to guide future design rules for improving gas sensor performance based on recent advances in theoretical and experimental investigations in solid state physics.
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. J. Claydon, A. N. Patil, S. Gaulter, G. Kister, P. P. Gill
Summary: This study investigates how to determine and optimize the efficiency of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM). An idealized Polymer Bonded eXplosive (PBX) simulant based on glass microbeads was used for mixing, and machine output data was used to monitor the mixing evolution. The results show that different stages of mixing correspond to different stages of the mixer intensity profiles, and the time to mixing completion depends on the acceleration setting and vessel material. The study also finds that partial vacuum application without degassing is beneficial for mixing.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tanya Sharma, Pooja S. Sridhar, Christopher Blackman, Simon J. Foote, John S. Allingham, Rajagopal Subramaniam, Michele C. Loewen
Summary: The role of GPCR receptor FgSte3 in the chemotropism and pathogenicity of the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum has been characterized. Deletion of FgSte3 compromises the chemotropic response and pathogenicity of the fungus, as indicated by reduced reaction to peroxidase, impaired lesion development on wheat, and decreased infection of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yiyun Zhu, Chris Blackman, Pengfei Zhou, Sai Kiran Ayyala, James A. Covington, Yanbai Shen, Jinsheng Liang, Xiangxi Zhong, Caroline Knapp, Ye Zhou
Summary: This article presents a two-step aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) synthesis method for the fabrication of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) decorated WO3 nanorods (NRs). Different organometallic silver precursors were evaluated. The composition and morphology of the fabricated materials were characterized using various physical property characterization techniques. Gas sensing performance tests revealed that the Ag-decorated WO3 sensors exhibited improved sensing properties compared to the undecorated ones.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julie Jalila Kalmoni, Frances L. Heale, Christopher S. Blackman, Ivan P. Parkin, Claire J. Carmalt
Summary: Robust fluorine-free superhydrophobic films were successfully prepared using a mixture of fatty acids, SiO2 nanoparticles, and polydimethylsiloxane. The films exhibited a highly textured morphology, with a water contact angle of 162 +/- 2 degrees and a sliding angle of <5 degrees. The superhydrophobicity of the films remained intact even after exposure to UV light, heat treatment, multiple tape peeling cycles, and various organic solvents.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sanjayan Sathasivam, Sapna D. Ponja, Seonghyeok Park, Clara Sanchez-Perez, Christopher Blackman, Ivan P. Parkin, Claire J. Carmalt
Summary: Alternatives to tin-doped indium oxide transparent electrodes are required. Tungsten-doped SnO2 thin films with low resistivities and high electron mobilities were obtained using chemical vapor deposition. The tungsten dopant had minimal distortion to the SnO2 unit cell and resulted in crystallographic preferential orientation in the [200] direction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that tungsten was present in the +5 state, minimizing ionized impurity scattering and achieving high electron mobilities. The tungsten-doped films had an optical band gap of 3.7 eV, making them transparent to visible light.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuhan Liu, Yuting Yao, Xinyue Zhang, Christopher Blackman, Robin S. Perry, Robert G. Palgrave
Summary: Thin films of tellurium-based vacancy-ordered perovskites were deposited onto transparent conducting substrates using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The stability of the electrodes and photoelectrodes was tested, and it was found that the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase on the surface of Cs2TeI6 enhanced electrode stability, while (CH3NH3)2TeI6 degraded rapidly.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Alonso Romero Jabalquinto, Nathalie Mai, Yahaya Mohammed, Philip P. Gill
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of humidity on the decomposition chemistry of cellulose nitrate (NC) and its impact on shelf life. The results show that the consumption of stabilizer increases with increasing water content, and the heat flow also increases. The study demonstrates that increasing humidity decreases the propellant's lifetime, but the heat flow samples pass the higher life criteria.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stefan Kucharski, Pilar Ferrer, Federica Venturini, Georg Held, Alex S. Walton, Conor Byrne, James A. Covington, Sai Kiran Ayyala, Andrew M. Beale, Chris Blackman
Summary: In this study, the nature of interactions between SnO2 and O-2 in conductometric gas sensors (CGS) was investigated. Results showed a correlation between the dynamically changing surface oxygen vacancies and the resistance response in SnO2-based CGS. It was concluded that surface oxygen vacancies, rather than the observed oxygen adsorbates, are central to response generation in SnO2-based gas sensors.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rachel L. Wilson, Thomas J. Macdonald, Chieh-Ting Lin, Shengda Xu, Alaric Taylor, Caroline E. Knapp, Stefan Guldin, Martyn A. McLachlan, Claire J. Carmalt, Chris S. Blackman
Summary: Nickel oxide (NiO) is commonly used in solar cells as a hole transport-electron blocking layer, often deposited via sol-gel or directly as nanoparticles, but can also be prepared through chemical vapour deposition using a new nickel CVD precursor [Ni(dmamp ')(2)]. Vapour deposited NiO shows promise as a blocking layer in solar cell devices, with potential routes to improving performance.
