Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gian Marco Leone, Saverio Candido, Alessandro Lavoro, Silvia Vivarelli, Giuseppe Gattuso, Daniela Calina, Massimo Libra, Luca Falzone
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed tumor with the highest mortality rate. Recent progress in the treatment of lung cancer includes targeted therapies and immunotherapy, which have been approved in clinical practice. This review discusses the current and ongoing clinical studies on targeted therapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer, as well as the advantages and limitations of these new therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the importance of human microbiota as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer is analyzed. The future research milestones in personalized treatment for lung cancer are expected to consider the genetic landscape, immune background, and individual variables such as patient-specific gut microbial composition.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiaoran Yin, Yanan Cui, Richard S. Kim, Wesley R. Stiles, Seung Hun Park, Haoran Wang, Li Ma, Lin Chen, Yoonji Baek, Satoshi Kashiwagi, Kai Bao, Amy Ulumben, Takeshi Fukuda, Homan Kang, Hak Soo Choi
Summary: Image-guided surgery and drug delivery using nanotheranostic H-dots show promise in the treatment of lung cancer, providing precise tumor resection and targeted anti-cancer drug therapy with improved efficacy and reduced risks of adverse effects and drug resistance.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meihua Yu, Wei Yang, Wenwen Yue, Yu Chen
Summary: With the advancements in nanoengineering, therapeutic immunostimulators formulated in nanomaterials have shown great potential in cancer treatment. Nanoformulations offer precise regulation of immune activities and can target specific immune cells. This review discusses recent developments in nanoformulations targeting immune cells and highlights the opportunities and challenges in clinical translation for targeted cancer immunotherapy.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Guang-Yu Lian, Yingpeng Wan, Thomas Shiu-Kwong Mak, Qing-Ming Wang, Jinfeng Zhang, Jiaoyi Chen, Zi-Ying Wang, Min Li, Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Xiao-Ru Huang, Chung-Sing Lee, Xue-Qing Yu, Hui-Yao Lan
Summary: This study developed a novel therapeutic strategy for lung carcinoma by developing a specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) into a self-carried nanodrug (SCND-SIS3). SCND-SIS3 demonstrated better anti-cancer effects in an animal model and achieved comparable efficacy with just one-fifth of the dose of unmodified-SIS3.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco de Scordilli, Anna Michelotti, Elisa Bertoli, Elisa De Carlo, Alessandro Del Conte, Alessandra Bearz
Summary: The scenario of neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly evolving. Molecular analysis and PD-L1 evaluation have become routine assessments. New treatment options have been approved, including osimertinib for EGFRm patients and ICIs in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. However, mature data on overall survival benefits are not yet available.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jingjing Wang, Hui Ren, Wenhui Wu, Qianlin Zeng, Jingyao Chen, Juanjuan Han, Minquan Lin, Changhua Zhang, Yulong He, Mingzhe Li
Summary: The study revealed the relationship between immune infiltration and cancer stem-like properties in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), with a correlation to tumor purity. The cancer stemness index can serve as a predictive biomarker for tumor metastasis and a target for drug therapy in GIST patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas McNamee, Ines Pires da Silva, Adnan Nagrial, Bo Gao
Summary: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options and poor survival rates. While there have been significant advancements in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), SCLC has not seen the same level of progress. This is due, in part, to the complex and heterogeneous nature of SCLC tumors. This review explores the current treatment paradigm of SCLC, recent advances in immunotherapy, challenges in identifying predictive biomarkers, and potential future directions in SCLC treatment research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhencong Ye, Yongmei Huang, Jianhao Ke, Xiao Zhu, Shuilong Leng, Hui Luo
Summary: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common and deadly malignancy of lung cancer; chemotherapy is gradually withdrawn from the stage of history due to its obvious side effects; researchers are now focusing on targeted drugs for the treatment.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Mercedes Herrera-Juarez, Cristina Serrano-Gomez, Helena Bote-de-Cabo, Luis Paz-Ares
Summary: Precision oncology aims to design the best cancer treatment based on tumor biology. In NSCLC, patients with actionable genomic aberrations can benefit from targeted therapy, such as EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements. Effective inhibitors have been developed for various druggable targets, leading to a paradigm shift in NSCLC treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xueli Tian, Tingxuan Gu, Mee-Hyun Lee, Zigang Dong
Summary: Lung cancer is the most deadly cancer worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the main type and EGFR as a key driver gene. Despite the effectiveness of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in targeted therapy, acquired resistance remains a significant challenge, prompting the exploration of combination treatment options.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Toon Allaeys, Lawek Berzenji, Paul E. Van Schil
Summary: Multimodality treatment is commonly used for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer or ipsilateral lymph node metastasis. Recent studies suggest that surgical resection after induction immunotherapy or targeted therapy is feasible, but comes with increased risk and morbidity. Further research is needed to determine the role of surgery in multimodality treatment regimens incorporating immunotherapy and targeted therapies.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanxia Xiao, Pu Liu, Jie Wei, Xin Zhang, Jun Guo, Yajun Lin
Summary: The high morbidity and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer pose significant health threats. However, with the identification of carcinogenic drivers and the use of targeted drugs, the prognosis for patients has greatly improved. Nonetheless, the unknown carcinogenic drivers and the issue of drug resistance in targeting therapy still hinder effective treatment. This review discusses the mechanisms of targeted-drug resistance and newly identified targets, highlighting the importance of research in driving individualized treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bilal Zulfiqar, Asim Farooq, Shahzina Kanwal, Kashif Asghar
Summary: Lung cancer is a highly prevalent and deadly disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Surgery is not an option at this point, so radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both is used. However, these therapies are often ineffective, necessitating the search for alternative preventive approaches. Targeting the tumor microenvironment has proven to be an effective therapy against lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Cole Billena, Mina Lobbous, Christine A. Cordova, David Peereboom, Alejandro Torres-Trejo, Timothy Chan, Erin Murphy, Samuel T. Chao, John Suh, Jennifer S. Yu
Summary: Brain metastases are a significant problem in non-small cell lung cancer, and surgery and radiation therapy have been crucial in controlling central nervous system diseases. Targeted therapy against specific gene mutations may help control limited and asymptomatic intracranial disease. This review paper summarizes intracranial response rates and clinical outcomes to biological and immune therapies to assist clinical decision making and identify areas for further research.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Junichi Soh, Akira Hamada, Toshio Fujino, Tetsuya Mitsudomi
Summary: This review discusses the advancement of perioperative treatment using ICIs in patients with non-small cell lung cancers, focusing on ongoing phase 3 trials for adjuvant and neoadjuvant ICI therapies, as well as the potential benefits of combining ICIs with conventional chemotherapy to enhance immune response in neoadjuvant settings.
