Article
Immunology
Mila Shakya, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: Low- and middle-income countries have a high burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever due to poor water quality and inadequate sanitation. WHO recommends TCV and Gavi supports its introduction, with 2 WHO-prequalified TCVs currently available. Considering disease burden, countries should assess and consider introducing TCV for programmatic use.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Christopher B. Uzzell, Dilip Abraham, Jonathan Rigby, Catherine M. Troman, Satheesh Nair, Nicola Elviss, Lalithambigai Kathiresan, Rajan Srinivasan, Veeraraghavan Balaji, Nicolette A. Zhou, John Scott Meschke, Jacob John, Gagandeep Kang, Nicholas Feasey, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Nicholas C. Grassly
Summary: Environmental surveillance can be used for the prevention of typhoid fever and vaccine introduction, and it can describe the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella Typhi even in the absence of typhoid cases.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Samir K. Saha, Nazifa Tabassum, Senjuti Saha
Summary: Typhoid is endemic in many countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, putting a high burden on their health systems. With increasing antimicrobial resistance in treating typhoid, rapid implementation of typhoid conjugate vaccines is essential to reduce the burden of the disease.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Valbona Selimaj Kontoni, Philippe Lepage, Marc Hainaut, Veronique Yvette Miendje Deyi, Wesley Maatheus, David Pace
Summary: Enteric fever in children presents with delayed diagnosis, serious clinical symptoms, and abnormal laboratory findings, with travel history being related to infection risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacob John, Ashish Bavdekar, Temsunaro Rongsen-Chandola, Shanta Dutta, Madhu Gupta, Suman Kanungo, Bireshwar Sinha, Manikandan Srinivasan, Ankita Shrivastava, Adarsh Bansal, Ashita Singh, Roshine M. Koshy, Dasharatha R. Jinka, Mathew S. Thomas, Anna P. Alexander, Shajin Thankaraj, Sheena E. Ebenezer, Arun S. Karthikeyan, Dilesh Kumar, Swathi K. Njarekkattuvalappil, Reshma Raju, Nikhil Sahai, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Manoj V. Murhekar, Venkata R. Mohan, Sindhu K. Natarajan, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Prasanna Samuel, Nathan C. Lo, Jason Andrews, Nicholas C. Grassly, Gagandeep Kang
Summary: From 2017 to 2020, surveillance in India showed an incidence of 576 to 1173 cases of typhoid fever per 100,000 child-years in urban sites, suggesting a high burden in urban areas.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Fu-Huang Lin, Bao-Chung Chen, Yu-Ching Chou, Chi-Jeng Hsieh, Chia-Peng Yu
Summary: Analyzing food-borne disease cases in Taiwan from 2011 to 2020 revealed a significant reduction in the risk of children contracting typhoid, higher proportions of typhoid and paratyphoid cases in women, and living in the Taipei metropolitan area and the northern region as potential risk factors. The study also showed a decrease in typhoid and paratyphoid cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more cases imported from Indonesia, India, Myanmar, and Cambodia. Using big data, this study may inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.
Article
Immunology
Theresa Ryckman, Arun S. Karthikeyan, Dilesh Kumar, Yanjia Cao, Gagandeep Kang, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jacob John, Nathan C. Lo, Jason R. Andrews
Summary: The study suggests that implementing routine and campaign typhoid vaccination strategies in India is cost-saving and highly cost-effective. Combining catch-up campaigns with routine vaccination can prevent millions of cases and save billions of dollars over a 10-year period.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Kathleen M. Neuzil
Summary: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are still prevalent in impoverished regions of Asia, Africa, and Oceania, despite improvements in sewage disposal and safe drinking water provision. Estimating the burden of these diseases is challenging due to their nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of blood-culture surveillance in many parts of the world.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yanjia Cao, Arun S. Karthikeyan, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Reshma Raju, Swathi Krishna, Dilesh Kumar, Theresa Ryckman, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Gagandeep Kang, Jacob John, Jason R. Andrews, Nathan C. Lo
Summary: Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in India, with a national incidence of 360 cases per 100,000 person-years. There is significant geographic variation in typhoid fever incidence, with higher burden in urban centers across the country.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Lei Xie, Lan Ming, Manlin Ding, Luxin Deng, Miao Liu, Yanguang Cong
Summary: This article reviews the pathogenesis, global burden, infection features, and vaccine development status of paratyphoid fever A, emphasizing the necessity for the development of vaccines against paratyphoid fever A.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Amber J. Barton, Jennifer Hill, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: The lack of vaccines against paratyphoid, multidrug resistance, and chronic carriage pose challenges for enteric fever elimination, despite the recent recommendation of conjugate vaccines for typhoid fever by WHO. Advances in in vitro and human challenge models in the past decade have enhanced understanding of enteric fever pathogenesis and have the potential to drive future developments in vaccines and antimicrobials.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Amber Barton, Jennifer Hill, Daniel O'Connor, Claire Jones, Elizabeth Jones, Susana Camara, Sonu Shrestha, Celina Jin, Malick M. Gibani, Hazel C. Dobinson, Claire Waddington, Thomas C. Darton, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: Enteric fever, caused by oral infection with typhoidal Salmonella serovars, presents as a non-specific febrile illness preceded by an incubation period of 5 days or more. The enteric fever human challenge model provides a unique opportunity to investigate the innate immune response during this incubation period, and how this response is altered by vaccination with the Vi polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine. We find that on the same day as ingestion of typhoidal Salmonella, there is already evidence of an immune response, with 199 genes upregulated in the peripheral blood transcriptome 12 hours post-challenge (false discovery rate <0.05). Gene sets relating to neutrophils, monocytes, and innate immunity were over-represented (false discovery rate <0.05). Estimating cell proportions from gene expression data suggested a possible increase in activated monocytes 12 hours post-challenge (P = 0.036, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Furthermore, plasma TNF-α rose following exposure (P = 0.011, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). There were no significant differences in gene expression (false discovery rate <0.05) in the 12 hours response between those who did and did not subsequently develop clinical or blood culture confirmed enteric fever or between vaccination groups. Together, these results demonstrate early perturbation of the peripheral blood transcriptome after enteric fever challenge and provide initial insight into early mechanisms of protection.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nginache Nampota-Nkomba, Osward M. Nyirenda, Lameck Khonde, Victoria Mapemba, Maurice Mbewe, John M. Ndaferankhande, Harrison Msuku, Clemens Masesa, Theresa Misiri, Felistas Mwakiseghile, Priyanka D. Patel, Pratiksha Patel, Ifayet Johnson-Mayo, Marcela F. Pasetti, Robert S. Heyderman, J. Kathleen Tracy, Shrimati Datta, Yuanyuan Liang, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Melita A. Gordon, Matthew B. Laurens
Summary: This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in Malawi. The results confirmed the immunogenicity and safety of TCV in children aged 9 months to 12 years.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erni Juwita Nelwan, Luh Putu Listya Paramita, Robert Sinto, Decy Subekti, Fransiscus Nikodemus Hosea, Pringgodigdo Nugroho, Herdiman T. Pohan
Summary: Diagnosing typhoid fever in areas with limited laboratory facilities is challenging for clinicians. Scoring methods based on signs and symptoms can be useful to screen for suspected cases. Our study validated the Nelwan Score as an accurate tool compared to laboratory tests, with a cut-off value of 10 for screening typhoid fever.
Article
Immunology
Farhana Khanam, Thomas C. Darton, James E. Meiring, Protup Kumer Sarker, Prasanta Kumar Biswas, Md Amirul Islam Bhuiyan, Nazmul Hasan Rajib, Susan Tonks, Andrew J. Pollard, John D. Clemens, Firdausi Qadri
Summary: This study found that in endemic settings, transmission of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is more likely to occur from acute convalescent cases. Better approaches are needed to identify true chronic carriers in the community to enable typhoid elimination.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John Wain, Rene S. Hendriksen, Matthew L. Mikoleit, Karen H. Keddy, R. Leon Ochiai
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Linda M. Kaljee, Alfred Pach, Kamala Thriemer, Benedikt Ley, Said M. Ali, Mohamed Jiddawi, Mahesh Puri, Lorenz von Seidlein, Jacqueline Deen, Leon Ochiai, Thomas Wierzba, John Clemens
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2013)
Article
Immunology
R. Leon Ochiai, M. Imran Khan, Sajid B. Soofi, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Young Ae You, M. Atif Habib, Shah Muhammad Sahito, Byomkesh Manna, Shanta Dutta, Camilo J. Acosta, Mohammad Ali, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, John D. Clemens
CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
M. I. Khan, R. L. Ochiai, S. B. Soofi, L. Von-Seidlein, M. J. Khan, S. M. Sahito, M. A. Habib, M. K. Puri, J. K. Park, Y. A. You, M. Ali, S. Q. Nizami, C. J. Acosta, R. Bradley-Sack, J. D. Clemens, Z. A. Bhutta
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2012)
Review
Immunology
Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, Rodney Carbis, Thomas F. Wierzba, R. Leon Ochiai
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2013)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sujit Kumar Bhattacharya, Dipika Sur, Shanta Dutta, Suman Kanungo, R. Leon Ochiai, Deok Ryun Kim, Nicholas M. Anstey, Lorenz von Seidlein, Jacqueline Deen
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamala Thriemer, Benedikt Ley, Shaali Ame, Lorenz Von Seidlein, Gi Deok Pak, Na Yoon Chang, Ramadhan Hashim, Wolfgang Hellmut Schmied, Clara Jana-Lui Busch, Shanette Nixon, Anne Morrissey, Mahesh K. Puri, Mohammad Ali, R. Leon Ochiai, Thomas Wierzba, Mohammad S. Jiddawi, John D. Clemens, Said M. Ali, Jaqueline L. Deen
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamala Thriemer, Benedikt B. Ley, Shaali S. Ame, Jaqueline L. Deen, Gi Deok Pak, Na Yoon Chang, Ramadhan Hashim, Wolfgang Hellmut Schmied, Clara Jana-Lui Busch, Shanette Nixon, Anne Morrissey, Mahesh K. Puri, R. Leon Ochiai, Thomas Wierzba, John D. Clemens, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad S. Jiddawi, Lorenz von Seidlein, Said M. Ali
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deepak Bajracharya, M. Imran Khan, Alfred Pach, Parisha Shrestha, Nilesh Joshi, Shyam R. Upreti, Thomas Wierzba, Mahesh Puri, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, R. Leon Ochiai
Correction
Immunology
Mohammad Ali, Dipika Sur, Deok Ryun Kim, Suman Kanungo, Shanta Dutta, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Byomkesh Manna, R. Leon Ochiai, John Clemens
Article
Immunology
Linda M. Kaljee, Alfred Pach, Kamala Thriemer, Benedikt Ley, Mohamed Jiddawi, Mahesh Puri, Leon Ochiai, Thomas Wierzba, John Clemens, Said M. Ali
Article
Infectious Diseases
Michael B. Arndt, Emily M. Mosites, Mu Tian, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Ali H. Mokhdad, Margaret Meller, Rion L. Ochiai, Judd L. Walson
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2014)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vittal Mogasale, Brian Maskery, R. Leon Ochiai, Jung Seok Lee, Vijayalaxmi V. Mogasale, Enusa Ramani, Young Eun Kim, Jin Kyung Park, Thomas F. Wierzba
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2014)
Article
Communication
Alfred Pach, Ghurnata Tabbusam, M. Imran Khan, Zamir Suhag, Imtiaz Hussain, Ejaz Hussain, Uzma Mumtaz, Inam ul Haq, Rehman Tahir, Amjad Mirani, Aisha Yousafzai, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, R. Leon Ochiai, Sajid Soofi, John D. Clemens, Michael O. Favorov, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION
(2013)