Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fanghui Ren, Ryo Narita, Ahmad S. Rashidi, Stefanie Fruhwurth, Zongliang Gao, Rasmus O. Bak, Martin K. Thomsen, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, Line S. Reinert, Soren R. Paludan
Summary: Neurotropic viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) can infect neurons and cause severe diseases. HSV-induced neuronal cell death is mediated by gasdermin E (GSDME) and involves endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase activation, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The necrotic neurons release alarmins, triggering inflammatory responses in microglia.
Article
Immunology
Cooper K. Hayes, Christopher K. Villota, Fiona B. McEnany, Stacey Ceron, Sita Awasthi, Moriah L. Szpara, Harvey M. Friedman, David A. Leib, Richard Longnecker, Matthew D. Weitzman, Lisa N. Akhtar
Summary: Clinical HSV-2 isolates collected from neonates with encephalitis are more neurovirulent in human neuronal cell culture and murine models as compared to isolates from neonates with skin-limited disease, suggesting that viral factors contribute to neurologic outcome following human neonatal infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Tajanna Stinn, Steve Kuntz, Dana Varon, Meei-Li Huang, Stacy Selke, Samuel Njikan, Emily S. Ford, Joan Dragavon, Robert W. Coombs, Christine Johnston, Marta E. Bull
Summary: This study suggests that subclinical HSV shedding in HIV/HSV-coinfected women during ART may sustain HIV tissue reservoirs through antigen exposure or HIV replication. Frequent subclinical HSV DNA shedding was associated with increased HIV DNA tissue concentrations and increased divergence from ancestral sequences, indicating a potential role of immune responses to common coinfections in sustaining HIV tissue reservoirs during suppressive ART.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Han Yan, Jie Wang, Jiayi Yang, Zhongqiu Xu, Chunxia Li, Cui Hao, Shixin Wang, Wei Wang
Summary: This study explored the anti-HSV-2 activity of a marine sulfated polysaccharide known as PSSD. It was found that PSSD demonstrated significant anti-HSV-2 activity with low cytotoxicity in vitro. PSSD was observed to directly interact with virus particles to prevent virus adsorption and inhibit virus-induced membrane fusion. In vivo experiments showed that PSSD effectively attenuated genital herpes symptoms, reduced virus shedding, and outperformed acyclovir. These findings highlight the potential of PSSD as a novel anti-genital herpes agent.
Article
Immunology
Mette Ratzer Freytag, Sofie Eg Jorgensen, Michelle Molgaard Thomsen, Ali Al-Mousawi, Alon Schneider Hait, David Olagnier, Jakob T. Bay, Marie Helleberg, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: This study describes a 19-year-old woman with systemic HSV-1 infection and HLH, as well as a fatal course of neonatal herpesvirus infection postpartum. Investigation showed impaired antiviral responses in the mother's cells, potentially caused by variants in CASP8 or other noncoding regions of the genome.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jie Wang, Kun-Te Shang, Qiong-Hong Ma, Zhao-Ying Dong, Yi-Hong Chen, Yu-Feng Yao
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether HSV-1 can be transmitted through TNTs and to investigate the effect of inhibiting the Arp2/3 complex on the intercellular transmission of HSV-1. The results showed that HSV-1 can be transmitted through TNTs and that inhibiting the Arp2/3 complex reduces the number of TNTs and the spread of HSV-1. This finding provides new insights into the transmission mode of HSV-1 and suggests a potential new antiviral target.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kavitha K. Prabaker, Annabelle de St Maurice, Daniel Z. Uslan, Gorge C. Yen, Shadi Manavi, Hannah K. Gray, Juan R. Caldera, June L. Chan, Omai B. Garner, Shangxin Yang
Summary: A 39-year-old male presented with fatigue, malaise, and rash on his perianal region. PCR testing confirmed coinfection with monkeypox and herpes simplex virus type 2. It is difficult to distinguish between the two viruses based solely on history and examination.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Noora Kazanji, Andrew Benvenuto, Daniel Rizk
Summary: The goal of this study was to understand the frequency and trend of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (HSVE) after neurosurgery, with a focus on comparing HSV-1 and HSV-2. Through data collection, it was found that HSVE has a relatively low incidence rate after neurosurgery but is often overlooked, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.
SURGICAL INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ye Liu, Qiao You, Fang Zhang, Deyan Chen, Zhenping Huang, Zhiwei Wu
Summary: Harringtonine (HT) significantly inhibited HSV-1 infection and two ACV-resistant strains by mainly targeting HVEM and reducing the early stage of HSV-1 infection. The study demonstrated that HT could be a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating HSV-1-induced pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yang Wang, Runyang Wang, Han Hu, Jing Jin, Linkang Cai, Siqi Zhang, Fan Yi, Yanxia Li, Zhiqiang Zheng, Qin Zhou, Zhizheng Fang, Binlei Liu
Summary: Oncolytic virotherapy is a safe and emerging therapeutic approach, and a new type of oncolytic herpes simplex virus armed with Bispecific Antibody has been developed for treating human malignancies. Preclinical safety evaluation has shown that this therapy is safe and suitable for clinical trials. It has obtained FDA approval for Phase I clinical trials in the United States.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sanya Yadav, Patrick Commiskey, Regis P. Kowalski, Vishal Jhanji
Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed cases of HSV-2 blepharokeratoconjunctivitis between 1995 and 2021, finding that while HSV-2 is an uncommon cause of keratitis, recurrence can still occur despite antiviral prophylaxis.
CURRENT EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bishajit Sarkar, Md. Asad Ullah, Yusha Araf, Sowmen Das, Md. Hasanur Rahman, Abu Tayab Moin
Summary: HSV is a highly infectious virus with two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, infecting millions worldwide. This study designed three polyvalent subunit vaccines targeting multiple strains of HSV, which showed stability and potential effectiveness through molecular docking and simulation studies. Validation of these vaccines in wet lab-based studies is still needed.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luyao He, Jialiang Duan, Qingli Shang
Summary: This study presents an unusual case of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) acute retinal necrosis with viral encephalitis in a immunocompetent child. The patient had severe vitreous opacity that made fundus examination difficult, but HSV-2 DNA was detected in the aqueous humor. The condition was controlled with antiviral and steroid therapy, and prophylactic laser treatment was performed to prevent retinal detachment.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maryam Zangi, Katherine A. Donald, Andreu Gazquez Casals, Abaigeal D. Franson, Alice J. Yu, Elise M. Marker, Molly E. Woodson, Scott D. Campbell, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Tanguturi Venkata Narayana Hajay Kumar, Makala Shakar Reddy, Lingala Vijaya Raghava Reddy, Subir Kumar Sadhukhan, David W. Griggs, Lynda A. Morrison, Marvin J. Meyers
Summary: The derivative compounds of ciclopirox olamine effectively inhibit replication of HSV-2 with low cytotoxicity, indicating their strong therapeutic potential. Structural comparison confirms the importance of hydrophobic groups in the efficacy of ciclopirox and its derivatives.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pu Huang, Xu Wang, Mengyue Lei, Ying Ma, Hongli Chen, Jing Sun, Yunzhang Hu, Jiandong Shi
Summary: This study investigates the metabolic interaction between host cells and HSV-1. By analyzing the metabolic profiles in HSV-1-infected lung fibroblasts, the researchers found that HSV-1 induces metabolic reprogramming in host cells to promote or resist viral replication. They confirmed that the addition of the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine promotes viral replication, while the addition of 25-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits replication. Additionally, HSV-1 replication was enhanced in choline metabolic rate-limiting enzyme-deficient mouse macrophages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Helen Ward, Matthew Whitaker, Barnaby Flower, Sonja N. Tang, Christina Atchison, Ara Darzi, Christl A. Donnelly, Alexandra Cann, Peter J. Diggle, Deborah Ashby, Steven Riley, Wendy S. Barclay, Paul Elliott, Graham S. Cooke
Summary: Population antibody surveillance is crucial for tracking immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations. The study found that antibody positivity peaks 4-5 weeks after the first dose of the vaccine and then declines. Age, gender, comorbidities, and infection history affect antibody positivity rates.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vasiliki Papageorgiou, Bethan Davies, Emily Cooper, Ariana Singer, Helen Ward
Summary: This systematic review found that individuals living with HIV who reported material deprivation were less likely to achieve virological suppression or adhere to antiretrovirals, indicating a social gradient of health in the HIV care continuum.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
William Viney, Sophie Day, Jane Bruton, Kelly Gleason, Charlotte Ion, Saima Nazir, Helen Ward
Summary: Based on interview and observational data, this article discusses the recent developments in personalised medicine in a busy breast cancer service in the UK. It highlights how clinical and research practices are integrated in clinical pathways that adapt to changes in diagnosing, monitoring, treating, and understanding cancers. The article contributes to existing research by demonstrating how clinical pathways maintain established practices while responding to new evidence, managing the balance between evidence-based and experimental medicine. Finally, it encourages a comparison with other forms of personalisation to explore the dependence on real-time data collection, analysis, and application.
SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Whitaker, Joshua Elliott, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, Ara Darzi, Graham Cooke, Helen Ward, Paul Elliott
Summary: This study characterizes Long COVID using data from the REACT-2 community-based study in England, estimating the prevalence of persistent symptoms and identifying risk factors. It also finds evidence of symptom clustering.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kyueun Lee, Shiying You, Yunfei Li, Harrell Chesson, Thomas L. Gift, Andres A. Berruti, Katherine Hsu, Reza Yaesoubi, Joshua A. Salomon, Minttu Ronn
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the health impact of syphilis in adults and children in the United States in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost. The results showed that syphilis causes substantial health losses in both adults and children, with men who have sex with men (MSM) accounting for the majority of the burden. Quantifying these health losses in terms of QALYs can inform cost-effectiveness analyses and facilitate comparisons with other diseases. Expanding syphilis screening and access to antenatal care can help prevent sequelae and reduce the impact of syphilis on quality of life.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Whitaker, Joshua Elliott, Barbara Bodinier, Wendy Barclay, Helen Ward, Graham Cooke, Christl A. Donnelly, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Paul Elliott
Summary: This study assesses changing symptom profiles associated with different SARS-CoV-2 variants in England from May 2020 to March 2022. The authors find that Omicron infection is more often associated with cold and influenza-like symptoms, and less with loss of taste and smell. Contrary to the perception that recent variants have become milder, Omicron BA.2 was associated with reporting more symptoms and greater disruption to daily activities than BA.1.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lily Yang, Marie-Claude Boily, Minttu Ronn, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Imran Morhason-Bello, Nicolas Meda, Olga Lompo, Philippe Mayaud, Michael Pickles, Marc Brisson, Caroline Hodgins, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux
Summary: This study analyzed 52 population-based surveys and estimated cervical cancer screening coverage using a Bayesian modeling framework. The findings showed that overall screening coverage for cervical cancer is sub-optimal and has not improved much over the past 2 decades, except in Southern Africa. Action is needed to increase screening coverage in order to achieve elimination of cervical cancer.
Article
Sociology
Sophie Day, Celia Lury, Helen Ward
Summary: Scholarship on the history of political arithmetic emphasizes its importance for classical liberalism, a political philosophy that focuses on individual autonomy in an abstract society. The use of statistics, a common measurement space, and probability calculation made society and its individuals intelligible and governable through the use of printed numbers. However, in today's culture of personalization, the categories, numbers, and norms of political arithmetic have changed. This has resulted in a different type of society called the "default social", characterized by a continuous present and a vague whole that obscures stratification and discrimination.
DISTINKTION-JOURNAL OF SOCIAL THEORY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marie-Claude Boily, Ruanne Barnabas, Minttu M. Ronn, Cara J. Bayer, Cari van Schalkwyk, Nirali Soni, Darcy W. Rao, Lisa Staadegaard, Gui Liu, Romain Silhol, Marc Brisson, Leigh F. Johnson, Paul Bloem, Sami Gottlieb, Nathalie Broutet, Shona Dalal
Summary: In South Africa, high coverage of HPV vaccination for girls and two lifetime cervical screens can eliminate cervical cancer among women by the end of the century and significantly reduce cases in the short and medium term. Enhanced prevention strategies may be needed to achieve cervical cancer elimination in women living with HIV. Despite the scale-up of HIV interventions, screening for cervical cancer in women living with HIV remains an important strategy to reduce incidence and disparities between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Minttu M. Ronn, Nicolas A. Menzies, Joshua A. Salomon
Summary: The study examined the relationship between COVID-19 and flu vaccination rates and voting patterns during the pandemic. It found a strong correlation between state-level COVID-19 vaccination coverage and voting share for the Democratic candidate in the 2020 presidential elections. Additionally, there is a longstanding correlation between flu vaccination coverage and voting patterns, with the strongest correlation observed in younger age groups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Flavien Coukan, Keitumetse-Kabelo Murray, Vasiliki Papageorgiou, Adam Lound, John Saunders, Christina Atchison, Helen Ward
Summary: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery in the UK is inequitable, with over 95% of users being MSM. This systematic review identifies modifiable barriers and facilitators to PrEP delivery, highlighting the need for future research to prioritize underserved populations and investigate provider and structural factors.
Article
Immunology
Yunfei Li, Shiying You, Kyueun Lee, Reza Yaesoubi, Katherine Hsu, Thomas L. Gift, Harrell W. Chesson, Andres A. Berruti, Joshua A. Salomon, Minttu M. Ronn
Summary: A study estimated the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) lost in the United States due to chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. The results showed that these sexually transmitted infections caused substantial health losses, particularly among women. The estimates can assist in prioritizing prevention policies and conducting cost-effectiveness analyses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Reza Yaesoubi, Qin Xi, Katherine Hsu, Thomas L. Gift, Sancta B. St Cyr, Minttu M. Ronn, Joshua A. Salomon, Yonatan H. Grad
Summary: The use of rapid drug susceptibility tests can prolong the effective life span of antibiotics and slow down the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa Staadegaard, Minttu M. Ronn, Nirali Soni, Meghan E. Bellerose, Paul Bloem, Marc Brisson, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Ruanne Barnabas, Melanie Drolet, Philippe Mayaud, Shona Dalal, Marie-Claude Boily
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the available evidence on the immunological, virological, and other biological outcomes of HPV vaccination among people living with HIV (PLHIV). The findings suggest that PLHIV have a robust and safe immune response to HPV vaccination, although antibody titers and seropositivity rates decline over time. However, the evidence on the clinical efficacy of HPV vaccination in PLHIV is inconclusive due to low-quality studies.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yunfei Li, Minttu M. Ronn, Ashleigh R. Tuite, Harrell W. Chesson, Thomas L. Gift, Thomas A. Trikalinos, Christian Testa, Meghan Bellerose, Katherine Hsu, Andres A. Berruti, Yelena Malyuta, Nicolas A. Menzies, Joshua A. Salomon
Summary: This study estimated the population-level health losses and costs associated with gonococcal infection and sequelae in the United States. It found that gonorrhoea causes substantial health losses and costs, with the highest burden observed in Non-Hispanic Black women.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2022)