Article
Optics
Jing Han, Yan Liu, JInjia Guo, Qinfeng Xu
Summary: This paper proposes an instability-driven nonlinear imaging method based on polarization modulation, which effectively recovers high-quality images from scattered signals.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Yonghua Zhang, Hongxu Jiang, Yuting Zhu, Runhua Zhang, Yongxiang Cao, Chenhui Zhu, Wei Wang, Dong Dong, Xiaobin Li
Summary: This paper proposes a latency-optimized channel pruning method for CNN inference acceleration on GPU platforms, which achieves significant improvements in inference performance. The proposed method includes latency stair-step discrimination, two-stage benefit assessment, and latency-sharing channel pruning, and it outperforms recent state-of-the-art model compression methods in terms of both latency reduction and inference performance improvement.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergei Manzhos, Chu-Chen Chueh, Giacomo Giorgi, Takaya Kubo, Gopalan Saianand, Johann Luder, Prashant Sonar, Manabu Ihara
Summary: This article reviews the most potent directions in designing materials for next-generation solar cell and light-emitting technologies beyond traditional solid-state inorganic semiconductor devices from experimental and computational perspectives. Key modeling issues include calculations of optical properties, aggregation effects, and recent insights into correlation effects beyond single-particle assumptions, especially in the context of thermally activated fluorescence.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinlu Xu, Fei Li, Frank S. Tsung, Kyle Miller, Vitaly Yakimenko, Mark J. Hogan, Chan Joshi, Warren B. Mori
Summary: This study demonstrates the possibility of pre-bunching electron beams by modulating plasma density and using a downramp, which can significantly improve the longitudinal coherence and brightness of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Pre-bunched, high brightness electron beams hold the promise for compact and lower cost XFELs that can produce nanometer radiation with high power.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Martina Canton, Jessica Groppi, Lorenzo Casimiro, Stefano Corra, Massimo Baroncini, Serena Silvi, Alberto Credi
Summary: The research describes the modular design of a pseudorotaxane-based supramolecular pump and its photochemically driven autonomous nonequilibrium operation in a dissipative regime. These properties are a result of careful engineering of the energy maxima and minima along the threading coordinate and their light-triggered modulation, making this second-generation system amenable to functionalization for integration into more complex devices.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Aobo Ren, Hao Wang, Wei Zhang, Jiang Wu, Zhiming Wang, Richard Penty, Ian H. White
Summary: This review examines the development of emerging LED materials-organic semiconductors, colloidal quantum dots, and metal halide perovskites-for use in optical communications. The efforts to improve modulation performance and device efficiency of these LEDs, as well as their potential applications in on-chip interconnects and Li-Fi, are highlighted. Challenges in developing practical high-speed LED-based data communication systems are also explored.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Feng Zhang, Zheng Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Amelie Chi Zhou, Jidong Zhai, Xiaoyong Du
Summary: This article introduces a GPU-based framework named ParSecureML to improve the performance of secure machine learning algorithms based on two-party computation. ParSecureML solves challenges including complex computation patterns, frequent data transmission between CPU and GPU, and inter-node data dependence. Compared to state-of-the-art frameworks, ParSecureML achieves an average speedup of 33.8x.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph Strehlow, Joohwan Kim, Mathieu Bailly-Grandvaux, Simon Bolanos, Herbie Smith, Alex Haid, Emmanuel L. Alfonso, Constantin Aniculaesei, Hui Chen, Todd Ditmire, Michael E. Donovan, Stephanie B. Hansen, Bjorn M. Hegelich, Harry S. McLean, Hernan J. Quevedo, Michael M. Spinks, Farhat N. Beg
Summary: In this study, it is observed experimentally and through simulations that structured targets can greatly enhance proton acceleration, especially under optimal laser configurations, increasing proton energy and yield.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
S. L. Chernyshev, E. A. Dubovikov, A. A. Ionov, I. O. Kondakov, A. N. Shanygin, M. Ch. Zichenkov
Summary: This study analyzed the critical factors affecting the flight safety of the next generation supersonic transport aircraft, specifically focusing on the low sonic boom configuration. A new concept of a hybrid airframe design for a supersonic passenger jet was proposed, utilizing pro-bionic sections and sections with conventional structural layout. These pro-bionic supersonic passenger jet airframe sections are made of composite lattice structures, which have been successfully used in commercial space vehicles in Russia and the EU. The weight efficiency and enhanced flight safety of these pro-bionic structures were validated.
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Louis Pratt, Andrew Johnston, Nico Pietroni
Summary: This paper presents a new method for generating artworks using freeform reflective and refractive media and 3D surfaces instead of images. The method combines raytracing and surface deformation techniques to determine the proper deformation needed to correct the object's appearance when viewed in a specific location. An optimization process is also included to avoid unwanted optical effects or occlusions. The technique has been successfully tested on practical examples and used to create actual artworks.
COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stefano Cesare, Sabrina Dionisio, Massimiliano Saponara, David Bravo-Berguno, Luca Massotti, Joao Teixeira da Encarnacao, Bruno Christophe
Summary: This article discusses the Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) and its importance in monitoring mass transport in the Earth system. The article emphasizes the significance of a second observable in reconstructing Earth's gravity field and highlights the control requirements and expected performances of the NGGM spacecraft. It also emphasizes that a high-performance accelerometer alone is not sufficient and a suitable drag-free environment and precise pointing are needed.
Article
Optics
Abigail Clennell, Vinh Nguyen, Vladislav V. Yakovlev, Alexander Doronin
Summary: This paper introduces a novel Monte Carlo algorithm specifically designed for the challenging problem of light propagation in turbid mediums. The algorithm utilizes energy-efficient processors and surpasses existing solutions in terms of accuracy and compatibility.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tannaz Farrahi, George K. K. Giakos
Summary: This study aims to design, calibrate, and develop a near-infrared (NIR) liquid crystal multifunctional automated optical polarimeter for the study and characterization of polarimetric properties of polymer optical nanofilms. The characterization of these novel nanophotonic structures has been achieved through Mueller matrix and Stokes parameter analyses. The results indicate that functionalized polymer nanomaterials have promising optical characteristics, allowing for modulation and manipulation of the polarimetric properties of light.
Article
Optics
Shudi Yang, Zhehan Chen, Jiaxiong Wu, Zhipeng Feng
Summary: An underwater imaging model based on dark channel prior theory was proposed to generate turbid underwater images. The model takes into account the influences of background light correction and turbidity factors in different bodies of water. Experimental results show that the model can fit the imaging and enhance the quality of turbid underwater images.
JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ruisi He, Bo Ai, Zhangdui Zhong, Mi Yang, Ruifeng Chen, Jianwen Ding, Zhangfeng Ma, Guiqi Sun, Changzhu Liu
Summary: This article reviews the current developments in next generation railway communications, discusses the typical services that 5G-R can provide to intelligent railways, summarizes the main application scenarios of 5G-R, and compares system configurations. It presents and analyzes key technologies of 5G-R such as network architecture, massive MIMO, millimeter-wave, multiple access scheme, and ultra-reliable low-latency communication. Finally, it highlights the challenges of 5G-R.
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
J. S. Matias, K. Komolibus, S. Konugolu-Venkata-Sekar, S. Andersson-Engels
Summary: In this study, a discrete strategy of beam profile compensation was used to evaluate the local internal quantum yield (iQY) of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) at the pixel level using a compact CMOS camera. The study achieved measurement at a micro-scale level with a dynamic range of iQY values, ranging from 0.0003% to 4.6%, and power densities of excitation ranging from 0.003 W cm(-2) to 1050 W cm(-2).
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Stefan Andersson-Engels, Peter E. Andersen
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrea Pacheco, Baptiste Jayet, Emilie Krite Svanberg, Hamid Dehghani, Eugene Dempsey, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: The emerging gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) shows potential as a monitoring tool for lung functions, particularly in clinical settings. Internal light sources can improve signal quality for more accurate measurements.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Jacqueline E. Gunther, Baptiste Jayet, Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar, Jana M. Kainerstorfer, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: Fetal pulse oximetry is an important technology to address the issues of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis during childbirth. This review explores the biomedical optical developments related to transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry and discusses the challenges to its clinical implementation.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar, Jean S. Matias, Gokhan Dumlupinar, Lorenzo Niemitz, Monirehalsadat Mousavi, Katarzyna Komolibus, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: Non-linear materials like upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have fast-growing applications in various fields, but characterizing their emission quantum yield (QY) is challenging due to its dependence on power density. This study proposes a multimodal system to measure QY over a wide range, compensating for various distorting parameters.
Review
Pediatrics
Jurate Panaviene, Andrea Pacheco, Christoph E. Schwarz, Konstantin Grygoryev, Stefan Andersson-Engels, Eugene M. Dempsey
Summary: Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is a novel optical technology that uses near-infrared light. It has potential applications in monitoring and diagnosing respiratory systems, especially in neonatal care.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Celina L. Li, Carl J. Fisher, Ray Burke, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: Ultrafast lasers in orthopedic procedures offer higher precision and minimal thermal damages compared to conventional laser systems, but limitations in material removal rate and pulse average power hinder their surgical applications. Advances in laser texturing for implants show potential for bioactivation and osteointegration, prompting further exploration of the benefits ultrafast lasers could offer in orthopedic surgery.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rachel Georgel, Konstantin Grygoryev, Simon Sorensen, Huihui Lu, Stefan Andersson-Engels, Ray Burke, Daniel O'Hare
Summary: This article provides an overview of the importance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in bio-photonic and clinical applications. SiPMs are compared with other photodetectors and shown to have advantages in circuit design parameters, allowing for high sensitivity auto-fluorescence detection and a wide dynamic range at low optical powers.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rekha Gautam, Danielle Mac Mahon, Grainne Eager, Hui Ma, Claudia Nunzia Guadagno, Stefan Andersson-Engels, Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar
Summary: This study presents the design and validation of gelatin-based phantoms for simulating tissue optical properties, serving as a calibration and benchmarking tool for multimodal spectroscopy devices.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Siddra Maryam, M. Daniyal Ghauri, Edward Fahy, Sanathana Konugolu, Venkata Sekar, Marcelo Saito Nogueiral, Huihui Lu, Alida Russol, Ray Burkel, Linda Feeley, Patrick Sheahans, Richeal Ni Riordain, Stefan Andersson-Engels, Kiang Wei Khol, Rekha Gautaml
Summary: Oral cancer is a common malignancy, but early diagnosis is difficult. Spectroscopy techniques such as Raman spectroscopy have the potential for early-stage diagnosis and non-invasive tissue examination, making them valuable for oral cancer analysis. This study aims to validate the potential of Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for oral cancer diagnosis, with the goal of improving overall survival rate.
TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS: DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS III
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Lorenzo Niemitz, Simon Sorensen, Yineng Wang, Walter Messina, Ray Burke, Stefan Andersson-Engels
TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS: DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS III
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Siddra Maryam, Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar, Marcelo Saito Nogueira, Kiang Wei KhO, Rekha Gautam, Huihui Lu, Richeal Ni Riordain, Linda Feeley, Patrick Sheahan, Ray Burke, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: This study aims to develop a non-invasive strategy for early diagnosis of oral cancer and to provide better surgical guidance by using Raman spectroscopy to differentiate healthy and tumor tissues. A multimodal Raman system is developed to detect oral cancer biomarkers in patient's saliva sample and study different tissue types in oral cavity. The system is compact, portable, and can be easily modified for in vivo and ex vivo analysis.
BIOMEDICAL VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 2022: ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Marcelo Saito Nogueira, Michael Raju, Jacqueline E. Gunther, Siddra Maryam, Michael Amissah, Shane Killeen, Huihui Lu, Micheal O'Riordain, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly cancer globally. This study focused on using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to extract tissue biochemical and microstructural parameters for accurate CRC detection during microsurgery. By extending the wavelength range of analysis and using Monte Carlo simulations, the study identified important parameters for CRC detection, such as total lipid content, water content, scattering amplitude, Mie scattering power, and microvascular parameters. The findings have significant clinical applications for rapid diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia.
MOLECULAR-GUIDED SURGERY: MOLECULES, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Marcelo Saito Nogueira, Siddra Maryam, Michael Amissah, Huihui Lu, Noel Lynch, Shane Killeen, Micheal O'Riordain, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: Colorectal cancer is the second most common and deadly cancer worldwide, and early detection is crucial. Optical techniques such as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can help detect and diagnose colorectal cancer, and expanding the probed depth and wavelength range can improve its diagnostic potential.
OPTICAL BIOPSY XX: TOWARD REAL-TIME SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING AND DIAGNOSIS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Marcelo Saito Nogueira, Baptiste Jayet, Jean Souza Matias, Jacqueline Elizabeth Gunther, Caitriona Tyndall, Stefan Andersson-Engels
Summary: Computer simulations are important tools in biophotonics and biomedical optics for optimizing treatments and designing optical instruments. However, their use in education is limited due to the need for programming experience and specialized software. This study developed and tested a web application for teaching tissue optics to undergraduate students, which received positive feedback from students.
OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXXIII; AND ADVANCED PHOTONICS IN UROLOGY
(2022)