Review
Environmental Sciences
Ling Yang, Lihan Yang, Yuqing Cai, Yifei Luo, Hui Wang, Li Wang, Jingqing Chen, Xiaoming Liu, Yingjie Wu, Yinghe Qin, Zhenlong Wu, Ning Liu
Summary: Nowadays, companion animals such as dogs have become integral members of families and form strong emotional bonds with their owners. Ensuring the safety and nutritional adequacy of dog food is crucial for their health and well-being. However, common ingredients in dry dog food, such as cereals and plant-based feedstuffs, can potentially be contaminated with mycotoxins, which can adversely affect dogs' growth and metabolism. This review provides an overview of the mycotoxins found in dog food, their toxicity to dogs, and different detoxification methods. The aim is to serve as a reference for future studies in evaluating risk, implementing preventive strategies, and setting clear criteria for mycotoxins to minimize exposure, reduce harm, and prevent mycotoxicosis in dogs.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Aldrey Nathalia Ribeiro Correa, Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira
Summary: This article introduces the regulations and maximum tolerated limits for mycotoxins in Brazil, and discusses the findings of recent studies indicating that several grains intended for human consumption in Brazil exceed the mycotoxins limits. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in different grains grown in Brazil is also addressed.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dritan Topi, Janja Babic, Katarina Pavsic-Vrtac, Gabrijela Tavcar-Kalcher, Breda Jakovac-Strajn
Summary: This study analyzed ten Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize commodities from Albania, finding higher levels of toxins in maize samples, mainly FB1 and FB2, with some maize samples exceeding the EU maximum permitted level. The presence of Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize grains cultivated in Albania was reported for the first time.
Review
Plant Sciences
Gary P. Munkvold, Robert H. Proctor, Antonio Moretti
Summary: Fusarium is a significant genus of plant-pathogenic fungi and one of the most important mycotoxin-producing genera in the world. Understanding the mycotoxin potential of individual species is crucial for assessing toxicological risks, but efforts to summarize mycotoxin production have been complicated by various classification systems.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 59, 2021
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Natasha Marie Evans, Suqin Shao
Summary: Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi in crops, which have severe poisonous and carcinogenic effects. Insects have been studied as a sustainable and efficient source of animal-derived protein and caloric energy. Research has focused on the metabolism and detoxification of mycotoxins by edible insects, including aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, vomitoxin, and ochratoxins.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Michelangelo Pascale, Antonio F. Logrieco, Vincenzo Lippolis, Annalisa De Girolamo, Salvatore Cervellieri, Veronica M. T. Lattanzio, Biancamaria Ciasca, Anna Vega, Mareike Reichel, Matthias Graeber, Katarina Slettengren
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of grain cleaning in reducing levels of co-occurring Fusarium toxins in maize at an industrial scale using mechanical and/or optical sorting technologies. Results showed that grain cleaning can significantly reduce contamination levels of DON, ZEA, and FBs in maize, with reduction rates of up to 2670%.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mohammed Sherif, Nadine Kirsch, Richard Splivallo, Katharina Pfohl, Petr Karlovsky
Summary: The interaction between Fusarium graminearum (FG) and Fusarium verticillioides (FV) in plants is influenced by mycotoxins. FG stimulates the growth of FV while FV suppresses the growth of FG. Fumonisins act as interference competition agents, while trichothecenes have no role in the interaction. FG stimulates FV growth by secreting hydrolases and may also affect plant defense. The biological function of fumonisin production in planta is to protect kernels shed on the ground before competitors become established.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rukshan V. Mehta, Anthony J. Wenndt, Amy Webb Girard, Sunita Taneja, Samriddhi Ranjan, Usha Ramakrishnan, Reynaldo Martorell, P. Barry Ryan, Kannan Rangiah, Melissa F. Young
Summary: This study revealed the presence of mycotoxins in breast milk samples from India, with 27% of samples exceeding regulatory limits. Some infants exceeded recommended limits for mycotoxin intake due to breast milk consumption. Maternal food intake may be associated with mycotoxin exposure in breast milk.
MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paola Giorni, Giulia Bulla, Giulia Leni, Mariangela Soldano, Massimo Tacchini, Alessandra Guerrini, Gianni Sacchetti, Terenzio Bertuzzi
Summary: In this study, bioactive extracts were obtained from agri-food by-products using green extraction methods. These extracts showed significant inhibition of fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Therefore, these by-product extracts have the potential to be used as biofungicides to reduce mycotoxin contamination.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Daniela Simoes, Bruna Carbas, Andreia Soares, Andreia Freitas, Ana Sanches Silva, Carla Brites, Eugenia de Andrade
Summary: Maize is an important crop but often contaminated with mycotoxins, affecting both humans and animals. A pilot study compared the levels of mycotoxins in grains of maize plants treated with two fertilizers (F-BAC and Nefusoil) in real agricultural conditions. Fumonisins and deoxynivalenol were detected, with varying levels. Nefusoil showed promising results in controlling fumonisin levels. The two treatments did not significantly differ in fungal contamination rate or Fusarium species diversity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alfia Khairullina, Nikola Micic, Hans J. Lyngs Jorgensen, Nanna Bjarnholt, Leif Bulow, David B. Collinge, Birgit Jensen
Summary: The fungal biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea is effective in reducing Fusarium graminearum DNA and DON toxin accumulation in oat, and can activate resistance-related gene expression. These findings suggest that C. rosea has potential as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium head blight in oat.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Valentina Scarpino, Francesca Vanara, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Massimo Blandino
Summary: The study investigated the co-occurrence of various mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in maize food products and their fate during the dry-milling process. It was found that grain cleaning significantly reduced fungal metabolites, with different maize products showing varying levels of contamination.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mikias Damtew Guche, Stefania Pilati, Francesco Trenti, Lorenza Dalla Costa, Paola Giorni, Graziano Guella, Adriano Marocco, Alessandra Lanubile
Summary: Mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels by fungal pathogens is a global challenge. This study investigates the role of maize lipoxygenase genes (ZmLOXs) in maize resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elizabet Janic Hajnal, Jovana Kos, Bojana Radic, Mislav Anic, Radmila Radovic, Nina Kudumija, Ana Vulic, Sanja Dekic, Jelka Pleadin
Summary: Ongoing climate change affects the susceptibility of plants to mycotoxigenic fungi and increases the presence of mycotoxins. This study focused on the impact of weather parameters on the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in maize samples from Serbia and Croatia. The results showed that the frequency and contamination level of these mycotoxins varied by year of production and were influenced by weather conditions. FUMs were found to be the most common contaminants in maize from both countries, while DON and ZEN contamination was highest in 2014 due to extreme precipitation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alessandra Lanubile, Paola Giorni, Terenzio Bertuzzi, Adriano Marocco, Paola Battilani
Summary: The study found that climate change will increase the co-occurrence of Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus, along with their mycotoxins, in European maize. Different temperature regimes affect gene expression and mycotoxin production in maize kernels, with reduced toxin production observed in the case of fungal co-occurrence.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Leo J. Hamilton, Kevin F. M. Reed, Elainne M. A. Leach, John Brockwell
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
(2015)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. F. M. Reed, W. J. Mace, L. V. Walker, L. R. Fletcher
ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE
(2016)
Correction
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Leo J. Hamilton, Kevin F. M. Reed, Elainne M. A. Leach, John Brockwell
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
(2017)
Article
Agronomy
Valerie Little, Kevin F. M. Reed, Kevin F. Smith
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Natalia Sampaio, Mark Gishen, Kevin Reed, Mel Brown, Daphne Gregory, Kylie Munyard
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE
(2008)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
M. D. A. Combs, D. Rendell, K. F. M. Reed, W. J. Mace, J. C. Quinn
AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2014)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. F. M. Reed, J. L. Vaughan, L. J. Cummins, D. D. Moore
ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE
(2010)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. F. M. Reed, Z. N. Nie, L. V. Walker, G. Kearney
ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE
(2011)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. F. M. Reed, Z. N. Nie, L. V. Walker, W. J. Mace, S. G. Clark
ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE
(2011)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. F. M. Reed, L. J. Cummins, D. D. Moore, A. J. Clark
ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE
(2011)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
R. A. Culvenor, S. P. Boschma, K. F. M. Reed
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
(2009)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
R. A. Culvenor, S. P. Boschma, K. F. M. Reed
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
(2009)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
K. F. M. Reed
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
(2014)
Review
Agronomy
K. F. M. Reed