Review
Ecology
Robin J. Boyd, Gary D. Powney, Oliver L. Pescott
Summary: In most cases, probability sampling is necessary for unbiased inference about population quantities. However, nonprobability samples are becoming popular in the era of big data, although they can lead to misleading conclusions and may have smaller effective sizes than expected. Despite recent controversies, nonprobability samples can still be useful if their limitations are acknowledged, mitigated, and communicated clearly, and ecologists can learn from other disciplines in this regard.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Social Issues
Adam C. G. Cooper, Laurent Liote, Chloe Colomer
Summary: The governance of engineering is seldom discussed in academia, unlike science. In this study, we compare the prevalence of the term 'engineering policy' with 'science policy' to demonstrate the differential treatment of these concepts within and outside of the academy. Our analysis shows that there is significantly less academic inquiry on 'engineering policy' compared to 'science policy'. Additionally, engineering is marginalized in critical social science domains such as Science and Technology Studies. We also address the lack of visibility of engineering policy in practice communities and highlight how engineering and policy for engineering remain sidelined in policy practice, using the UK government and governance communities as an example. Given the importance of engineering to society, the scarcity of research and critical scrutiny on engineering policy, we propose a research and action agenda to stimulate action and bring together stakeholders to address this issue urgently.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Management
Konstantinos Nikolopoulos
Summary: Operational Research (OR) is the science of improvement, driving decisions based on forecasting. More focus has been put on modeling fast-moving time series, but intermittent demand forecasting methods are argued as a simpler and faster alternative. A novel way of deciding strategic planning horizon is proposed for phenomena prone to special events.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Michael B. Fessler
Summary: The study shows that proliferative cells in lung cancer require excess cholesterol for rapid membrane biogenesis. By using a mutant KRAS mouse model, Guilbaud et al. demonstrate that lung cancers accumulate cholesterol by reprogramming lipid trafficking locally and distally, suggesting that interventions targeting cholesterol removal could be a potential therapeutic strategy.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah Nouri, Charissa H. H. Tan, Mirella Rangel, Molly Wertz, Adriana Sanchez, Aurora Alvarado, Erika Arreola, Mara Quinn, Steven Z. Z. Pantilat, Courtney R. R. Lyles, Christine S. S. Ritchie, Rebecca L. L. Sudore
Summary: This study used community-based participatory research to identify barriers and facilitators to advance care planning (ACP) among Latinx older adults and developed community-based ACP events. The focus groups highlighted the importance of ACP, barriers to starting conversations, and facilitators in the Latinx community. The ACP events targeting LGBTQI+, intergenerational, and older adults broadly were well attended and resulted in increased readiness for ACP among participants. Rating: 8/10.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Karen C. Albright, Virginia J. Howard
Summary: In this article, Tarko et al. utilize a national sample from the Veterans Health Administration to estimate 30-day and longer mortality rates for non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients hospitalized with incident stroke. The study also investigates the association between race and ethnicity and stroke mortality.
Article
Linguistics
Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen, Marina Terkoura
Summary: Mainstream theories of meaning in communication have traditionally focused on the speaker's intention. However, the centrality of Speaker's Meaning has faced criticism. It is argued that Hearer's Meaning should be taken more seriously, as it is crucial in terms of real-world effects. A model of Hearer's Meaning is proposed based on seven sources, and its application is exemplified with a Twitter thread.
JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ryan D. McMahan, Ismael Tellez, Rebecca L. Sudore
Summary: The study found that although there were differences among different ACP interventions, overall, these interventions and outcomes were positive, especially in terms of Process and Action outcomes. Additionally, positive results were also achieved in aspects such as increased satisfaction with communication and care among patients/surrogates and decreased distress among surrogates/clinicians.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Amanda Sharkey, Noel Sharkey
Summary: This passage discusses the possibility of deception in social robotics, emphasizing the potential for creating false beliefs unintentionally, and suggesting that deception is wrong when it leads to harmful impacts.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Pierre De Clercq
Summary: The paper published by Kekule in 1865 is considered seminal in elucidating the structure of benzene, but it was not until seven years later that Kekule introduced a theory that made the 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene formulation acceptable. The year 2022 marks the 150th anniversary of his proposal. The perspective focuses on the evolution of Kekule's thinking during this period, particularly in his quest to unveil the structure of benzene.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Bianca Trinkenreich, Marco Aurelio Gerosa, Igor Steinmacher
Summary: This article discusses the challenges faced by women in open source projects and proposes strategies to address them.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Mandy Visser, Hanneke J. A. Smaling, Deborah Parker, Jenny T. van der Steen
Summary: This scoping review examines the practical communication aspects related to dementia in advance care planning (ACP) conversations. Through data analysis of 22 studies, seven topics emerged, clustered around two themes. The review provides practical suggestions for healthcare professionals to improve ACP communication and uncovers research gaps in communication aspects related to dementia.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carol L. Kuhle, Xin Zhang, Ekta Kapoor
Summary: The article highlights the importance of sexual satisfaction in quality of life and the impact of sexual dysfunction on individual health and relationships. While sexual activity decreases with age, both men and women continue to engage in sexual activities. However, there is a lack of understanding about female sexual function among patients and medical providers.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Article
Family Studies
Anneke J. G. Vinke
Summary: This study advocates for a neuro-informed approach in addressing developmental or mental health problems among intercountry adoptees. The use of theoretical evaluation, argumentation, and personal reflection provides an overview of the issues, models, and methods to be used in clinical work with intercountry adoptees.
CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Murilo Moreira dos Santos, Kelly Ishida
Summary: Candida tropicalis is a notable species in the Candida genus, with a significant epidemiology in tropical regions. It has shown worrying antifungal resistance and unique biology compared to Candida albicans. Understanding its virulence factors and infectious process is crucial for further research.