Herbivore-induced maize volatiles serve as priming cues for resistance against post-attack by the specialist armyworm Mythimna separata

Plants show a diversity of defense strategies against a wide range of herbivores. The emission of a specific blend of volatiles in response to herbivory (HIPVs - herbivore-induced plant volatiles) plays a great ecological role in indirect protection of the plants by attracting natural enemies of herbivores and priming their neighboring plants that can cause poorer foraging habitats on the 'receiver' plants. Maize plants showed induction of a blend of volatiles including monoterpenes, sesequiterpenes, homoterpenes, green leaf volatiles, and indole, in response to the specialist herbivore Mythimna separata. Conspecific plants placed downwind of infested maize plants showed reduced larval development after exposure to HIPVs, compared to those exposed to volatiles from uninfested plants. These findings indicate that exposure of maize plants to HIPVs primed these plants for enhanced defense responses to specialist herbivores of Poaceae.