Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lara Senn, Anna-Maria Costa, Rossella Avallone, Katarzyna Socala, Piotr Wlaz, Giuseppe Biagini
Summary: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), known for its role in metabolic disorders, has been increasingly investigated for its potential involvement in neurological diseases, particularly in epilepsy. Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder, has a significant impact on patients' psychological, social, and economic well-being. With a global prevalence of 0.5%-1.0%, epilepsy ranks fourth in importance among neurological disorders. This review focuses on recent findings regarding the intracellular processes dependent on PPAR gamma and their potential anti-seizure effects, as well as promising results from clinical investigations involving PPAR gamma agonists and the ketogenic diet in epilepsy rodent models.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ya-Na Yang, Mao-Qing Zhang, Feng-Lin Yu, Bing Han, Ming-Yue Bao, Xing Li, Yuan Zhang
Summary: Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are characterized by progressive loss of vulnerable neuronal populations and myelin sheath, leading to behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? coactivator-1a (PGC-1a) has shown a strong connection with NDDs and its understanding is important for the development of therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of PGC-1a, its role in various NDDs, and the mechanisms through which it exerts neuroprotective effects.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Guoyan Wang, Jun Zhang, Shengru Wu, Senlin Qin, Yining Zheng, Chao Xia, Huijun Geng, Junhu Yao, Lu Deng
Summary: Cattle have a unique mechanism for efficient hepatic gluconeogenesis, involving the high expression of specific genes and the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway. These findings are important for understanding the mechanism underlying the quantitative differences in hepatic gluconeogenesis efficiency between cattle and non-ruminant animals.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Swati Katoch, Vinesh Sharma, Vikram Patial
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, with viral hepatitis being a significant risk factor. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HCC. Synthetic agonists of PPAR gamma have shown potential in suppressing HCC, but they may also have severe side effects. Natural PPAR gamma agonists can be an alternative option for HCC treatment.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanhao Qiu, Mailin Gan, Xingyu Wang, Tianci Liao, Qiuyang Chen, Yuhang Lei, Lei Chen, Jinyong Wang, Ye Zhao, Lili Niu, Yan Wang, Shunhua Zhang, Li Zhu, Linyuan Shen
Summary: Excessive expansion of adipocytes can lead to ectopic fat deposition, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a crucial role in fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahesha Gangadhariah, Triveni Pardhi, Jahnavi Ravilla, Subhash Chandra, Sridevi Annapurna Singh
Summary: PPAR gamma agonists are effective in treating type 2 diabetes but have severe side effects. Lemon contains eriocitrin, which may have potential as a PPAR gamma agonist.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Riham M. Mansour, Nesrine S. El Sayed, Maha A. E. Ahmed, Ayman E. El-Sahar
Summary: This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of telmisartan in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that telmisartan improved motor and cognitive functioning, reduced neuronal inflammation and apoptosis, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis through PPAR gamma activation.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Florian Nima Fleckenstein, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Preeclampsia is a common hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, and PPARs play a significant role in its pathophysiology. Studies have shown contradictory conclusions regarding PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae, but PPAR gamma agonists have been identified as a novel and potent anti-preeclamptic treatment option.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Juhee Lim, Hyo In Kim, Yeojin Bang, Hyun Jin Choi
Summary: This article discusses the role of PPAR gamma in adult neurogenesis. By activating PPAR gamma, it can increase the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, prevent neurodegeneration, and improve cognition, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors.
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Constantinos Troungos, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins which regulate gene expression. In our literature review of 27 relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023, it was found that PPAR alpha and PPAR beta/delta isoforms were upregulated in endometrial cancer cells, while PPAR gamma levels were significantly lower. Interestingly, PPAR agonists were found to be potent anti-cancer therapeutic alternatives. Overall, PPARs seem to play a significant role in endometrial cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
S. Yuvaraj, B. R. Prashantha Kumar
Summary: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that play a key role in physiological processes such as cell metabolism, proliferation, and inflammation. Among them, PPAR gamma has been found to act as a tumor suppressor by regulating inflammatory pathways and inhibiting tumor cell growth and multiplication.
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroyuki Miyachi
Summary: Recent progress in understanding the structure and pharmacology of hPPAR gamma has allowed for investigation of various ligands and their effects on biological responses. These ligands serve as valuable tools for studying hPPAR gamma function and potential drugs for hPPAR gamma-related diseases. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry research on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of hPPAR gamma antagonists based on the induction/inhibition concept of helix 12 (H12) and presents X-ray crystallographic analyses of their unique binding modes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Xiang-Yu Wu, Li Nie, Xin-Jiang Lu, Chen-Jie Fei, Jiong Chen
Summary: In this study, the role of PPAR gamma in immune regulation in teleost fish was investigated. Results showed that the expression of LcPPAR gamma changed during infection and DHA treatment, and was associated with the expression of immune-related genes.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashi Mannan, Nikhil Garg, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Harmeet Kaur Kang
Summary: PPAR-gamma plays a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemic injury by negatively controlling the expression of genes modulated by cerebral ischemic injury to prevent post-ischemic inflammation and neuronal damage. It also regulates lipid metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammation in the brain. This review provides insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which PPAR-gamma exerts its neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemic injury.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yi-Hsin Lai, Tai-Chieh Wu, Bo-Yang Tsai, Yuan-Pin Hung, Hsiao-Ju Lin, Yau-Sheng Tsai, Wen-Chien Ko, Pei-Jane Tsai
Summary: PPAR-γ plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CDI by regulating colonic inflammation and integrity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
