Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. W. Hill, L. Gao, B. F. Kraus, M. Bitter, P. C. Efthimion, N. Pablant, M. B. Schneider, D. B. Thorn, H. Chen, R. L. Kauffman, D. A. Liedahl, M. J. MacDonald, A. G. MacPhee, H. A. Scott, S. Stoupin, R. Doron, E. Stambulchik, Y. Maron, B. Lahmann
Summary: The time evolution of electron density and temperature in NIF compressed capsules during the 'stagnation' phase was measured using a high-resolution X-ray spectrometer. The inferred values of electron density and temperature were compared with theoretical calculations and other diagnostics, providing important insights into the fusion process.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Stoupin, A. G. Macphee, B. Kozioziemski, M. J. Macdonald, N. Ose, J. M. Heinmiller, N. Izumi, D. Rusby, P. T. Springer, M. B. Schneider
Summary: This article describes a methodology for measuring x-ray continuum spectra of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions using a high-throughput spectrometer called ConSpec. The method has been improved to enhance measurement accuracy and has been applied in the analysis of ConSpec data from different experiments. The results show good agreement between the measured spectra and the theoretical expectations, confirming the accuracy of this measurement method.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zou Lu, Geng Yuanchao, Liu Guodong, Liu Lanqin, Chen Fengdong, Liu Bingguo, Hu Dongxia, Zhou Wei, Peng Zhitao
Summary: A novel method based on ensemble deep neural networks is proposed to accurately predict the laser output energy of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility. The method considers more related factors and achieves robust and stable predictions using ensemble techniques.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. M. Campbell, T. C. Sangster, V. N. Goncharov, J. D. Zuegel, S. F. B. Morse, C. Sorce, G. W. Collins, M. S. Wei, R. Betti, S. P. Regan, D. H. Froula, C. Dorrer, D. R. Harding, V. Gopalaswamy, J. P. Knauer, R. Shah, O. M. Mannion, J. A. Marozas, P. B. Radha, M. J. Rosenberg, T. J. B. Collins, A. R. Christopherson, A. A. Solodov, D. Cao, J. P. Palastro, R. K. Follett, M. Farrell
Summary: Laser-direct drive (LDD) is one of the three viable inertial confinement fusion approaches, aiming to achieve fusion ignition and gain in the laboratory. Research on LDD is currently being conducted at both the Omega and NIF facilities, focusing on cryogenic implosions, laser-plasma interactions, and other key areas.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Optics
Houzhi Cai, Kaixuan Lin, Qiuyan Luo, Dong Wang, Junkun Huang, Kangjing Xu, Longjie Luo, Jinyuan Liu
Summary: A two-dimensional ultrafast X-ray imager (UXI) consisting of a time-dilation device, an electron-beam imaging unit, a gated microchannel plate (MCP) framing tube, and a pulser was developed. The UXI measured the time resolution and image size using an X-ray generated by a terawatt laser targeting device. The results showed that improving the time resolution decreased the image size, and using two opposite-transmission pulse driving pulses improved the image size. However, the spatial resolution worsened with increasing off-axis distance.
Article
Optics
G. Cristoforetti, P. Koester, S. Atzeni, D. Batani, S. Fujioka, Y. Hironaka, S. Huller, T. Idesaka, K. Katagiri, K. Kawasaki, R. Kodama, D. Mancelli, Ph. Nicolai, N. Ozaki, A. Schiavi, K. Shigemori, R. Takizawa, T. Tamagawa, D. Tanaka, A. Tentori, Y. Umeda, A. Yogo, L. A. Gizzi
Summary: The interaction between laser and plasma as well as the generation of hot electrons were studied in an experiment relevant to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. High-energy electrons with temperatures of 20-50 keV were mainly produced by the damping of electron plasma waves driven by two-plasmon decay (TPD). Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) was observed in a near-threshold growth regime and described by an analytical model, indicating a more vigorous growth driven by multiple beams compared to single-beam laser intensity.
HIGH POWER LASER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Hou-Zhi Cai, Qiu-Yan Luo, Kai-Xuan Lin, Dong Wang, Jun-Kun Huang, Jin-Yuan Liu
Summary: A dilation X-ray detector (DIXD) based on time dilation and microchannel plate (MCP) gated technology has been developed. It achieves a high time resolution of 12 ps and can also function as an oscilloscope to obtain waveform data.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lan Gao, B. F. Kraus, K. W. Hill, M. B. Schneider, A. Christopherson, B. Bachmann, M. Bitter, P. Efthimion, N. Pablant, R. Betti, C. Thomas, D. Thorn, A. G. MacPhee, S. Khan, R. Kauffman, D. Liedahl, H. Chen, D. Bradley, J. Kilkenny, B. Lahmann, E. Stambulchik, Y. Maron
Summary: The evolution of hot spot plasma conditions was measured using high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy. The electron density and temperature of the hot spot were determined by observing Stark broadening and dielectronic satellites in the Kr He?? spectra. The effect of dopants on the hot spot parameters was also revealed.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Fucai Ding, Xiaoping Ouyang, Xuejie Zhang, Youen Jiang, Ke Hou, Xiuqing Jiang, Hua Tao, Baoqiang Zhu, De'an Liu, Jian Zhu, Jianqiang Zhu
Summary: The proposed measuring apparatus with optical limiting enables improved dynamic range and temporal resolution for contrast measurement of nanosecond and picosecond pulses, which can be universally applied to diagnose pulses of varying widths.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. Yu. Gus'kov, P. A. Kuchugov, R. A. Yakhin
Summary: The study presents theory and computational results on the generation and propagation of a plane laser-driven shock wave in a substance with density lower than the critical plasma density. A model is developed to explain the phenomenon, which involves the formation of pressure behind the front of the laser-driven ionization wave. The results show dependencies of shock wave duration and distance on the intensity and radiation wavelength of the impacting laser pulse, as well as on the density of the target substance.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Shvydky, W. Trickey, A. V. Maximov, I. V. Igumenshchev, P. W. McKenty, V. N. Goncharov
Summary: A new class of beam configurations based on spherical t-designs is proposed for symmetric-direct-drive inertial confinement fusion laser systems. These configurations eliminate spherical-harmonic intensity modulations and provide symmetric intensity patterns on the target surface.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Kai Wang, Fei Dai, Wei Lin, Chaoyou Tao, Jun Li, Yuanqiong Liu, Haile Lei
Summary: This article presents a method for preparing cryogenic fuel layers in inertial confinement fusion experiments. An efficient vibration-reduction system is designed to achieve vibration amplitudes of less than 1 μm, allowing the X-ray phase contrast imaging to effectively distinguish the fuel layers. Experimental results demonstrate that this method enables continuous X-ray phase contrast imaging of cryogenic deuterium layers with high resolution and contrast.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
A. Bakhsh
Summary: This research investigates the suppression of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) of double interfaces in cylindrical geometry through linear analysis. It is found that the exponential increase/decrease in growth rate is related to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, and the strength of magnetic field affects the suppression of instability. Two interfering waves running parallel and anti-parallel to the interfaces transport generated vorticity and cause the perturbed interfaces' growth rate to oscillate over time.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yu K. Kurilenkov, A. Oginov, V. P. Tarakanov, S. Yu Gus'kov, I. S. Samoylov
Summary: The experiment demonstrated results of proton-boron aneutronic fusion in a single miniature device with electrodynamic plasma confinement. The experiment achieved a total yield of about 5 x 10(4)/ 4 pi alpha particles during pulse-periodic operation.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Rui Jin, Zoltan Jurek, Robin Santra, Sang-Kil Son
Summary: This study incorporates a recently proposed treatment of transient ionization potential depression (IPD) into plasma dynamics simulations, and demonstrates the importance of the IPD effects in theoretical modeling of dense plasmas by comparing two simulations.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
W. Theobald, D. Cao, R. C. Shah, C. A. Thomas, I. V. Igumenshchev, K. A. Bauer, R. Betti, M. J. Bonino, E. M. Campbell, A. R. Christopherson, K. Churnetski, D. H. Edgell, C. J. Forrest, J. A. Frenje, M. Gatu Johnson, V. Yu. Glebov, V. N. Goncharov, V. Gopalaswamy, D. R. Harding, S. X. Hu, S. T. Ivancic, D. W. Jacobs-Perkins, R. T. Janezic, T. Joshi, J. P. Knauer, A. Lees, R. W. Luo, O. M. Mannion, F. J. Marshall, Z. L. Mohamed, S. F. B. Morse, D. Patel, J. L. Peebles, R. D. Petrasso, P. B. Radha, H. G. Rinderknecht, M. J. Rosenberg, S. Sampat, T. C. Sangster, W. T. Shmayda, C. M. Shuldberg, A. Shvydky, C. Sorce, C. Stoeckl, M. D. Wittman, S. P. Regan
Summary: By reducing the ratio of the laser spot diameter to the target diameter, cryogenic deuterium-tritium ice target implosions on OMEGA with new small-spot distributed phase plates achieved an 11% increase in energy coupling. However, this also resulted in increased hot-electron production and hydrodynamic instabilities.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
J. H. Kunimune, H. G. Rinderknecht, P. J. Adrian, P. V. Heuer, S. P. Regan, F. H. Seguin, M. Gatu Johnson, R. P. Bahukutumbi, J. P. Knauer, B. L. Bachmann, J. A. Frenje
Summary: Knock-on deuteron imaging is a new diagnostic technique used to diagnose the morphology of inertial confinement fusion implosions. It utilizes the scattering of deuterons to probe the shape of the hot-spot and the distribution of the dense fuel layer. The first proof-of-concept tests have been successfully conducted, revealing asymmetries and mixing between the hot-spot and shell.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Colaitis, I. Igumenshchev, D. P. Turnbull, R. Shah, D. Edgell, O. M. Mannion, C. Stoeckl, D. W. Jacob-Perkins, A. Shvydky, R. Janezic, A. Kalb, D. Cao, C. J. Forrest, J. Kwiatkowski, S. P. Regan, W. Theobald, V. N. Goncharov, D. Froula
Summary: This study presents the first 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of directly driven inertial confinement fusion implosions with a package for polarized crossed-beam energy transfer (CBET). The simulations assess the impact of distributed polarization rotators (DPRs) and other asymmetry sources. The results show that accurate prediction of bang times and yields can be achieved by accounting for imprint and fuel age effects, and that polarized CBET is the main drive asymmetry factor.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. J. Rosenberg, A. A. Solodov, J. F. Myatt, S. Hironaka, J. Sivajeyan, R. K. Follett, T. Filkins, A. V. Maximov, C. Ren, S. Cao, P. Michel, M. S. Wei, J. P. Palastro, R. H. H. Scott, K. Glize, S. P. Regan
Summary: Experiments have been conducted on the OMEGA EP laser facility to investigate the impact of density scale length and overlapping beam geometry on laser-plasma instabilities near and below the quarter-critical density. The experiments were performed in both planar and spherical geometries with different density scale lengths and numbers of overlapping beams. It was found that shorter density scale lengths favored the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability, while longer density scale lengths favored stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In addition, higher single-beam intensities favored SRS, while a larger number of overlapping beams favored TPD.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Correction
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
E. L. Dewald, S. A. MacLaren, D. A. Martinez, J. E. Pino, R. E. Tipton, D. D. M. Ho, C. V. Young, C. Horwood, S. F. Khan, E. P. Hartouni, M. S. Rubery, M. Millot, A. R. Vazsonyi, S. Vonhof, G. Mellos, S. Johnson, V. A. Smalyuk, F. Graziani, E. R. Monzon, R. Tommasini, D. Alessi, S. Ayers, G. N. Hall, J. Holder, D. Kalantar, A. J. MacKinnon, J. Okui, M. Prantil, J. -m. Di Nicola, T. Lanier, A. Thomas, S. Yang, H. W. Xu, H. Huang, J. Bae, C. W. Kong, N. Rice, Y. M. Wang, P. Volegov, M. S. Freeman, C. Wilde
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. L. Baker, C. A. Thomas, O. L. Landen, S. Haan, J. D. Lindl, D. T. Casey, C. Young, R. Nora, O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, O. Jones, L. Berzak Hopkins, S. Khan, B. K. Spears, S. Le Pape, N. B. Meezan, D. D. Ho, T. Doppner, D. Hinkel, E. L. Dewald, R. Tommasini, M. Hohenberger, C. Weber, D. Clark, D. T. Woods, J. L. Milovich, D. Strozzi, A. Kritcher, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, V. A. Smalyuk, P. A. Amendt, B. Bachmann, L. R. Benedetti, R. Bionta, P. M. Celliers, D. Fittinghoff, C. Goyon, R. Hatarik, N. Izumi, M. Gatu Johnson, G. Kyrala, T. Ma, K. Meaney, M. Millot, S. R. Nagel, P. K. Patel, D. Turnbull, P. L. Volegov, C. Yeamans, C. Wilde
Summary: In indirect-drive implosions, increasing laser peak power and radiation drive temperature can improve the core hot spot energy, pressure, and neutron yield. This improvement has been quantified and explained by simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations. Extrapolating from existing data, it is possible to achieve a yield of 2-3x10^17 (0.5-0.7 MJ) using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum at the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Review
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Kozioziemski, B. Bachmann, A. Do, R. Tommasini
Summary: Large scale high-energy density science facilities are growing in scale and complexity, with improved driver capabilities pushing the boundaries of temperature, pressure, and densities. X-ray imaging, particularly absorption imaging, has been improved over the last few decades, enabling pico-second imaging with few micron resolutions.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
H. Sawada, T. Yabuuchi, N. Higashi, T. Iwasaki, K. Kawasaki, Y. Maeda, T. Izumi, Y. Nakagawa, K. Shigemori, Y. Sakawa, C. B. Curry, M. Frost, N. Iwata, T. Ogitsu, K. Sueda, T. Togashi, S. H. Glenzer, A. J. Kemp, Y. Ping, Y. Sentoku
Summary: We demonstrate femtosecond time-resolved 2D imaging of fast electron transport in a solid copper foil using an XFEL. The electron-heated region expands at approximately 25% of the speed of light with a duration of picoseconds. This imaging technique has broad applications for studying laser-driven relativistic electrons, energetic protons, or intense x-ray beam isochorically heated targets.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
I. V. Igumenshchev, W. Theobald, C. Stoeckl, R. C. Shah, D. T. Bishel, V. N. Goncharov, M. J. Bonino, E. M. Campbell, L. Ceurvorst, D. A. Chin, T. J. B. Collins, S. Fess, D. R. Harding, S. Sampat, N. R. Shaffer, A. Shvydky, E. A. Smith, W. T. Trickey, L. J. Waxer, A. Colaitis, R. Liotard, P. J. Adrian, S. Atzeni, F. Barbato, L. Savino, N. Alfonso, A. Haid, Mi Do
Summary: In the DS concept, the deuterium-tritium fuel is initially in the form of a homogeneous liquid inside a wetted-foam spherical shell. This study demonstrates the feasibility of DS formation through a proof-of-principle experiment on the OMEGA laser. The experiment shows good agreement with the predicted evolution of the DS and its stability to perturbations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
O. A. Hurricane, P. K. Patel, R. Betti, D. H. Froula, S. P. Regan, S. A. Slutz, M. R. Gomez, M. A. Sweeney
Summary: Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a research field that originated from the Cold War and has since developed into three major Department of Energy facilities. This review focuses on the physics principles of ICF targets and recent research progress in the past decade.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. L. Baker, S. MacLaren, O. Jones, B. K. Spears, P. K. Patel, R. Nora, L. Divol, O. L. Landen, G. J. Anderson, J. Gaffney, M. Kruse, O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, A. R. Christopherson, J. Salmonson, E. P. Hartouni, T. Doppner, E. Dewald, R. Tommasini, C. A. Thomas, C. Weber, D. Clark, D. T. Casey, M. Hohenberger, S. Khan, T. Woods, J. L. Milovich, R. L. Berger, D. Strozzi, A. Kritcher, B. Bachmann, R. Benedetti, R. Bionta, P. M. Celliers, D. Fittinghoff, R. Hatarik, N. Izumi, M. Gatu Johnson, G. Kyrala, T. Ma, K. Meaney, M. Millot, S. R. Nagel, A. Pak, P. L. Volegov, C. Yeamans, C. Wilde
Summary: In order to understand the proximity to ignition of current layered implosions in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion, the level of alpha heating present needs to be measured. Experimental validation of current simulation-based methods of determining yield amplification was conducted through paired experiments, consisting of low-yield tritium-hydrogen-deuterium (THD) layered implosion and high-yield deuterium-tritium (DT) layered implosion. The THD capsules were designed to reduce DT neutron yield (alpha heating) while maintaining hydrodynamic similarity with the higher yield DT capsules. The measured yield ratio in these experiments allowed the determination of the alpha heating level in the DT layered implosions.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Z. L. Mohamed, Y. Kim, J. P. Knauer, M. S. Rubery
Summary: A fused silica Cherenkov detector was used to measure DT gammas in direct-drive cryogenic experiments. The detector was calibrated using a 4.4 MeV gamma from carbon. The measurement resulted in a ground state only gamma-to-neutron branching ratio lower than accelerator-based measurements.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. L. Kritcher, A. B. Zylstra, D. A. Callahan, O. A. Hurricane, C. R. Weber, D. S. Clark, C. V. Young, J. E. Ralph, D. T. Casey, A. Pak, O. L. Landen, B. Bachmann, K. L. Baker, L. Berzak Hopkins, S. D. Bhandarkar, J. Biener, R. M. Bionta, N. W. Birge, T. Braun, T. M. Briggs, P. M. Celliers, H. Chen, C. Choate, L. Divol, T. Doeppner, D. Fittinghoff, M. J. Edwards, M. Gatu Johnson, N. Gharibyan, S. Haan, K. D. Hahn, E. Hartouni, D. E. Hinkel, D. D. Ho, M. Hohenberger, J. P. Holder, H. Huang, N. Izumi, J. Jeet, O. Jones, S. M. Kerr, S. F. Khan, H. Geppert Kleinrath, V. Geppert Kleinrath, C. Kong, K. M. Lamb, S. Le Pape, N. C. Lemos, J. D. Lindl, B. J. MacGowan, A. J. Mackinnon, A. G. MacPhee, E. V. Marley, K. Meaney, M. Millot, A. S. Moore, K. Newman, J. -M. G. Di Nicola, A. Nikroo, R. Nora, P. K. Patel, N. G. Rice, M. S. Rubery, J. Sater, D. J. Schlossberg, S. M. Sepke, K. Sequoia, S. J. Shin, M. Stadermann, S. Stoupin, D. J. Strozzi, C. A. Thomas, R. Tommasini, C. Trosseille, E. R. Tubman, P. L. Volegov, C. Wild, D. T. Woods, S. T. Yang
Summary: This article presents the design of the first igniting fusion plasma in the laboratory by Lawson's criterion, achieving 1.37 MJ of fusion energy. The design utilizes the indirect drive inertial confinement fusion approach and shows significant improvements in ignition compared to predecessor experiments.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
R. C. Shah, D. Cao, L. Aghaian, B. Bachmann, R. Betti, E. M. Campbell, R. Epstein, C. J. Forrest, A. Forsman, V. Yu Glebov, V. N. Goncharov, V Gopalaswamy, D. R. Harding, S. X. Hu, I. Igumenshchev, R. T. Janezic, L. Keaty, J. P. Knauer, D. Kobs, A. Lees, O. M. Mannion, Z. L. Mohamed, D. Patel, M. J. Rosenberg, W. T. Shmayda, C. Stoeckl, W. Theobald, C. A. Thomas, P. Volegov, K. M. Woo, S. P. Regan
Summary: This study develops a scaling for x-ray yield based on simulations with varying degrees of equilibration, which can serve to infer hot-spot mix in laser-driven implosions. The comparison of measured x-ray and neutron yields indicates that the sensitivity of hot-spot mix is estimated to be below 2%.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
O. M. Mannion, A. J. Crilly, C. J. Forrest, B. D. Appelbe, R. Betti, V. Yu Glebov, V Gopalaswamy, J. P. Knauer, Z. L. Mohamed, C. Stoeckl, J. P. Chittenden, S. P. Regan
Summary: Backscatter neutron spectroscopy was used to measure the apparent ion temperature and mean velocity of the dense deuterium tritium fuel layer of an inertial confinement fusion target near peak compression. The average isotropic residual kinetic energy of the fuel was estimated using the mean velocity measurement. The apparent ion-temperature measurements from high-implosion velocity experiments exceeded expectations from radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, suggesting enhanced shell decompression and saturation of implosion performance with implosion velocity for laser-direct-drive implosions.