Article
Agronomy
Yong Huang, Huirong Dong, Meiqi Shang, Kejian Wang
Summary: With the increasing human population and deteriorating environment, there is a need to breed environmentally friendly and resource-conserving rice cultivars for sustainable agricultural development and food security. CRISPR/Cas technology allows efficient genome modification, promising higher yield, improved quality, and resistance in rice plants.
Article
Biology
Jake L. Weissman, Ellinor O. Alseth, Sean Meaden, Edze R. Westra, Jed A. Fuhrman
Summary: A study has found that immune lag is extremely costly during viral outbreaks, even to completely immune hosts. This phenomenon of immune lag is only revealed by examining the early, transient dynamics of a host-virus system occurring immediately after viral challenge, and it is a basic parameter of microbial defense relevant to all post-infection antiviral defense systems.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, John Hu, Michael J. Melzer
Summary: In this study, a virus infecting H. rosa-sinensis plants displaying foliar symptoms consistent with infection by a kitavirus was characterized. The virus, named hibiscus yellow blotch virus (HYBV), was found to have a genome structure similar to cileviruses but with important distinctions.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mohammad Sharif Ullah, M. Higazy, K. M. Ariful Kabir
Summary: In this study, a mean-field approximation and fractional-order model embedded with evolutionary game theory are used to analyze the social behavior and spread of infectious diseases through vaccination. The results show that effective vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of infection, but vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination groups still exist due to various reasons.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lance N. Benson, Yunping Guo, Katherine Deck, Christoph Mora, Yunmeng Liu, Shengyu Mu
Summary: Hypertension, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, is often of unknown or multivariate cause. Current therapeutic options focus on lowering blood pressure, but less than half of patients achieve control. Identifying unknown mechanisms causing hypertention and designing new treatment are critically needed for public health.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Brian V. Tsu, Elizabeth J. Fay, Katelyn T. Nguyen, Miles R. Corley, Bindhu Hosuru, Viviana A. Dominguez, Matthew D. Daugherty
Summary: Pathogens encode proteases to counteract the host immune system, leading to evolutionary conflicts between viral proteases and host factors. This results in diverse protease-host interactions influencing host range, zoonotic potential, and pathogenicity of viral infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Clemens An, Ilissa Pipia, Ana -Sofia Ruiz, Ivonne Arguelles, Martino An, Saima Wase, Guang Peng
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for cancers and recent research has focused on the relationship between dysregulated adipokines and cancer development. Adipose tissue, an important endocrine organ, secretes adipokines that modulate inflammation, induce insulin resistance, and regulate their own behavior and production. Dysregulation of adipokine production is caused by physiological changes in adipose tissue, including low-grade inflammation and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, genomic instability, DNA damage response, and the innate immune response have been linked to tumorigenesis. Investigation of adipokines may clarify the link between obesity and cancer and identify potential pharmaceutical targets.
Review
Immunology
Sara Signa, Arinna Bertoni, Federica Penco, Roberta Caorsi, Alessia Cafaro, Giuliana Cangemi, Stefano Volpi, Marco Gattorno, Francesca Schena
Summary: Deficiency of Adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Both innate and adaptive immunity play important roles in the pathogenesis of DADA2, with dysregulation of immune cells and increased production of inflammatory cytokines. However, a clear explanation for the coexistence of systemic inflammation, immunedysregulation and hematological defects is still lacking.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Georgios Sogkas, Torsten Witte
Summary: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are immunological disorders caused by germline variants in single genes, resulting in variable susceptibility to infections, immune dysregulation, and/or malignancies. While initially identified in patients with unusual, severe, or recurrent infections, IEIs can also manifest as autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Recent research has reported an increasing number of IEIs causing autoimmunity, including rheumatic diseases. Understanding these disorders provides insight into immune dysregulation and may have implications for systemic rheumatic disorders.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Beniamino Palmieri, Maria Vadala, Lucia Palmieri
Summary: The innate immune system responds rapidly and effectively to pathogens, while the adaptive immune system has a slower but more memory-based response. Both immune systems have the potential to resist reinfection and modulate responses to various pathogens.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bridget Nora Janice Watson, Elizabeth Pursey, Sylvain Gandon, Edze Rients Westra
Summary: Organisms have evolved constitutive and inducible defence mechanisms as a response to parasites. This study focuses on the transient evolution of different defence systems using a bacteria-phage model system, which has implications for host ecology and pathogenicity.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Li Zhang, Jonathan J. Park, Matthew B. Dong, Deanna Arsala, Shengqian Xia, Jianhai Chen, Dylan Sosa, Jared E. Atlas, Manyuan Long, Sidi Chen
Summary: T cells play a critical role in the immune response against foreign pathogens through T cell adaptive immunity (TCAI). Comparative studies of gene annotations and genome assemblies of 28 vertebrate species revealed shared interaction pathways among human genes involved in TCAI, carcinogenesis, and aging. Rapid gene origination with TCAI-related functions occurred prior to the radiation of placental mammals, while extensive positive selection and amino acid substitutions were detected in recently evolved human immunity genes.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jia-Xian Song, Deana Villagomes, Hongchang Zhao, Min Zhu
Summary: As the first line of defense in host immunity, innate immunity protects against external microbial or virus attacks. The cGAS-STING pathway is a major response to microbial DNA and self-DNA. cGAS is present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, and plays a role in DNA damage repair.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Beryl N. Arinda, Yacoub A. Innabi, Juris A. Grasis, Nestor J. Oviedo
Summary: This article explores the additional roles of immune cells and their interactions with stem cells in regulating tissue repair and regeneration.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muntaish Bashir Kathjoo, Mrinal Srivastava
Summary: In response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the DNA, cells undergo transcriptional, translational and post-translational reprogramming to tackle the damage. This study shows that global translation of proteins is inhibited during the DNA damage response, except for integrated stress response (ISR) proteins. The level of ribosomal protein RPS27A is specifically reduced in relation to the kinetics of DSB induction and repair.