Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Gisler, Kapil Dev Singh, Jiafa Zeng, Martin Osswald, Mo Awchi, Fabienne Decrue, Felix Schmidt, Noriane A. Sievi, Xing Chen, Jakob Usemann, Urs Frey, Malcolm Kohler, Xue Li, Pablo Sinues
Summary: Exhaled breath analysis provides valuable molecular-level information and has promising potential for precision medicine. However, the lack of validation in multicenter trials hinders the transition of breath tests into routine clinical practice. In this study, an interoperability framework was developed and applied, revealing a technical variability of approximately 20% and identifying a core signature of the human exhaled metabolome. The results showed high inter-subject variability for certain metabolic classes but relative stability in other regions, such as the TCA cycle. This framework and the overview of metabolic coverage will pave the way for future large-scale multicenter trials.
Article
Immunology
Shuo Wei, Yi-sheng Chen, Yi Shi
Summary: This study identified potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) by analyzing the metabolic profile of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The identified compounds showed good classification between PA patients and controls, and can serve as noninvasive markers for the diagnosis of PA.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Florentin Weiss, Anesu Chawaguta, Matthias Tolpeit, Valeria Volk, Arne Schiller, Veronika Ruzsanyi, Petra Hillinger, Wolfgang Lederer, Tilmann D. Maerk, Chris A. Mayhew
Summary: In this study, proton transfer reaction/selective reagent ion-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (PTR/SRI-ToF-MS) was explored for monitoring hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) in breath. The reaction of HFIP with reagent ions H3O+, NO+, and O2+· was investigated, revealing the formation of various product ions. However, the use of certain product ions, such as CHF2+ and CF3+, for HFIP monitoring in breath is challenging due to interference from other compounds and the reaction with water. By utilizing C2H2F3O+ as the ion marker for HFIP and reducing sample humidity using a Nafion tube, successful monitoring of HFIP in breath was demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhenzhen Xie, James D. Morris, Stephanie J. Mattingly, Saurin R. Sutaria, Jiapeng Huang, Michael H. Nantz, Xiao-An Fu
Summary: Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has shown great potential for disease detection. However, analyzing metabolic VOCs in breath is still a challenge. This study presents a method using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to analyze a broad range of carbonyl metabolites in breath. The combination of a silicon microreactor for capturing carbonyl compounds and UHPLC-MS analysis may provide a quantitative method for identifying disease markers in exhaled breath.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elettra Barberis, Elia Amede, Shahzaib Khoso, Luigi Castello, Pier Paolo Sainaghi, Mattia Bellan, Piero Emilio Balbo, Giuseppe Patti, Diego Brustia, Mara Giordano, Roberta Rolla, Annalisa Chiocchetti, Giorgia Romani, Marcello Manfredi, Rosanna Vaschetto
Summary: Researchers used metabolomics analysis of exhaled breath condensate to discover potential biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19. They found that fatty acids in EBC can differentiate COVID-19 patients and may have a protective effect, suggesting their potential use as a preventive strategy against the infection.
Article
Allergy
Ju Chang-Chien, Hsin-Yi Huang, Hui-Ju Tsai, Chi-Jen Lo, Wan-Chen Lin, Yu-Lun Tseng, Shih-Ling Wang, Hung-Yao Ho, Mei-Ling Cheng, Tsung-Chieh Yao
Summary: This study investigates the potential of EBC metabolomic profiles in discriminating stable asthma in Asian children, showing better performance compared to conventional clinical tests like FeNO or spirometry. The metabolomic signature of EBC had high discriminative ability in both the training and validation sets, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic tool for asthma in children.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xin Geng, Kai Zhang, Hongli Li, David Da Yong Chen
Summary: A robust ambient ionization mass spectrometry method using a modified direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source was developed for online analysis of breath volatiles. The method is fast, simple, versatile, and has the potential to evaluate the true state of human exhaled breath.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chao Li, Kexin Li, Xiaoyu Xu, Wenyuan Qi, Xin Hu, Pengfei Jin
Summary: The study successfully identified a characteristic panel of metabolites for diagnosing CRC with an accuracy of 88.3% using conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry. This pilot study demonstrates the potential of CPSI-MS as a cost-effective tool in large-scale CRC screening in high-risk populations.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salvatore Fuschillo, Debora Paris, Annabella Tramice, Pasquale Ambrosino, Letizia Palomba, Mauro Maniscalco, Andrea Motta
Summary: COPD is a diverse lung disease that requires personalized approaches and patient-centered rehabilitation programs. Metabolomics, through the analysis of metabolites in biological samples, has the potential to identify novel biomarkers for disease outcome and treatment response in COPD. This review discusses the clinical applications of metabolomic profiling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and plasma/serum in COPD.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ying Li, Xiangyang Wei, Yumeng Zhou, Jing Wang, Rui You
Summary: Exhaled breath analysis has become a popular noninvasive and portable health diagnosis method due to its convenience, safety, simplicity, and avoidance of discomfort. Based on numerous studies, it is a promising medical detection technology capable of diagnosing different diseases by analyzing the concentration, type, and other characteristics of specific gases. Among the existing gas analysis technologies, the electronic nose (eNose) stands out for its high sensitivity, rapid response, real-time monitoring, ease of use, and portability.
MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shakiba Zeinali, Chiranjit Ghosh, Janusz Pawliszyn
Summary: Breath-composition analysis is a non-invasive method for early disease diagnosis and exposure history investigation. To overcome the limitations of aerosol nature and low concentrations of volatile organic compounds in breath samples, researchers applied a needle-trap device and electrospun polyacrylonitrile filter for breath characterization. The results showed that the needle-trap device had advantages in capturing droplets and extracting free gas-phase components.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhihua Li, Chi Zhao, Ling Dong, Yu Huan, Miwa Yoshimoto, Yongqing Zhu, Ipputa Tada, Xiaohang Wang, Shuang Zhao, Fengju Zhang, Liang Li, Masanori Arita
Summary: This study investigated the metabolome of vinegar and found that different types of vinegar contained different metabolites and concentrations. Amino acids and organic acids were the main components, and new compounds and metabolic markers were identified. Additionally, metabolic differences were observed between different regions' vinegars. These results have important implications for producing vinegar with desirable health characteristics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elina M. Gashimova, Azamat Z. Temerdashev, Dmitry V. Perunov, Vladimir A. Porkhanov, Igor S. Polyakov, Ekaterina V. Dmitrieva
Summary: Lung cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and early diagnosis is difficult. In this study, the variability of exhaled breath samples among patients with lung cancer and other types of cancer was investigated. Two classification models were created to separate lung cancer patients from patients with cancer in other locations and to classify different types of cancer. The models showed moderate sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing lung cancer from other types of cancer, but poor accuracy in classifying different types of cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaoping Zhang, Xiang Ren, Yuan Zhong, Konstantin Chingin, Huanwen Chen
Summary: The study detected ketones in exhaled breath using mass spectrometry and developed a fast, sensitive, noninvasive method for ketone analysis. Results showed higher levels of acetone in the breath of smokers compared to non-smokers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ben Henderson, Guilherme Lopes Batista, Carlo G. Bertinetto, Joris Meurs, Dusan Materic, Coen C. W. G. Bongers, Neeltje A. E. Allard, Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels, Rupert Holzinger, Frans J. M. Harren, Jeroen J. Jansen, Maria T. E. Hopman, Simona M. Cristescu
Summary: The study demonstrates that analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can provide insights into metabolic processes and monitor physiological responses to exercise and medication. The research showcases the potential of breathomics for non-invasive monitoring of human metabolism changes, particularly focusing on gut microbiome activity in relation to exercise and medication use.
