Article
Neurosciences
Ghallab Alotaibi, Amna Khan, Patrick J. Ronan, Kabirullah Lutfy, Shafiqur Rahman
Summary: This study investigated the effects of the GLT-1 activator LDN-212320 on microglial activation in a mouse model of inflammatory pain. Results showed that LDN-212320 reduced CFA-induced tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia by upregulating astroglial GLT-1 and CX43 expression and decreasing microglial activation.
Review
Immunology
Cassandra D. Gipson, Scott Rawls, Michael D. Scofield, Benjamin M. Siemsen, Emma O. Bondy, Erin E. Maher
Summary: Chronic drug use affects neuroimmune signaling and glutamatergic changes in the brain, highlighting a potential role for interactions between these systems in addiction processes and the development of pharmacotherapies for SUDs.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Moises Garces, Isabel M. Guijarro, Diane L. Ritchie, Juan J. Badiola, Marta Monzon
Summary: Human prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulation of pathological prion protein, neuronal death, and vacuolation. Glial cells, especially astrocytes and microglia, play a prominent role in the neurodegenerative process regardless of the prion type. Common pathological features such as gliosis were observed in all types of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sevda Urcar Gelen, Seckin Ozkanlar, Semin Gedikli, Mustafa Atasever
Summary: The long-term consumption of Monosodium glutamate (MSG) can lead to metabolic syndrome and obesity, as well as increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. In a rat study, MSG administration significantly increased the production of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, and caused damage to the pancreatic cells. It was concluded that the use of MSG should be limited and controlled to prevent these adverse effects.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Hsien-Yin Liao, Yi-Wen Lin
Summary: This study demonstrates that electroacupuncture and Trpv1 deletion can alleviate the increase in inflammatory mediators and TRPV1-related molecules caused by fibromyalgia pain in a cold stress mouse model. These results suggest new potential therapeutic targets for fibromyalgia pain.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexei Verkhratsky, Margaret S. Ho, Vladimir Parpura, Aleksandra Pekowska
Summary: The evolution of the nervous system involved cellular diversification and specialization of functions, with the emergence of the centralized nervous system leading to an increase in the complexity of neuroglia. In the primate brain, especially in humans, the astrocyte lineage is exceedingly complex, possibly facilitating interlayer communication and integration.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yun-Zhi Zhao, Jun Wei, Ke-Xin Song, Chen Zhou, Zhen Chai
Summary: The present study found that non-hibernating Daurian ground squirrel (GS) neurons were more resistant to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) compared to rat neurons. Glutamate-aspartate transporter 1 (GLAST) was identified as a cytoprotective factor that contributed to the tolerance against OGD injury in GS neurons. Overexpression of GLAST rescued viability in rat neurons, while knockdown of GLAST led to decreased viability in GS neurons. This study revealed a molecular mechanism underlying the survival of hibernating mammals and suggested GLAST as a potential target for ischemic stroke therapy.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, Lidia Struzynska
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to progressive disability of patients. Glial cells and P2X7 receptors play crucial roles in the inflammatory reaction in the pathological process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Dongqiong Xiao, Xiaojuan Su, Hu Gao, Xihong Li, Yi Qu
Summary: Lpar1 is a widely distributed receptor in human tissues and most abundant in the brain, with its protein encoded by Edg2 present in various cell types in the CNS. Deletion of Lpar1 can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and a variety of CNS diseases, making Lpar1/Edg2 a potential therapeutic target for CNS disorders and diseases.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Agata Ciechanowska, Ewelina Rojewska, Anna Piotrowska, Justyna Barut, Katarzyna Pawlik, Katarzyna Ciapala, Grzegorz Kreiner, Joanna Mika
Summary: This study investigates the involvement of chemokine-C-motif ligand 1 (XCL1) and its receptors, XCR1 and ITGA9, in nociceptive transmission. The results show that the blockade/neutralization of both XCR1 and ITGA9 receptors can reverse hypersensitivity and improve opioid analgesia. The findings suggest that blocking the XCL1-ITGA9 interaction may serve as a novel strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain in combination with opioids.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kangjia Lv, Hui Ying, Guangyi Hu, Jing Hu, Qizhi Jian, Fang Zhang
Summary: This study used single-cell sequencing to identify microglia as the main source of IL-1 beta in STZ-induced DR mice. The findings suggest that activated microglia with metabolic alterations contribute to inflammation in the early stages of DR.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng-Wei Lu, Yu-Chen Huang, Kuan-Ming Chiu, Ming-Yi Lee, Tzu-Yu Lin, Su-Jane Wang
Summary: The study showed that enmein inhibited glutamate release in cortical nerve terminals by suppressing Ca2+ influx and PKC, and also reduced hippocampal neuronal death induced by KA by increasing glutamate uptake.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fulya Erendor, Yunus Emre, Elif Ozgecan, Mustafa Kemal Blaci, Thomas S. Griffith, Salih Sanlioglu
Summary: Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes, prompting the development of insulin analogs to compensate for the deficiency. Basal and post-prandial insulin secretion, as well as gene therapy, are being explored as potential treatments. The lentiviral vector LentiINS has shown promising results in lowering blood glucose and improving tolerance in diabetic rats, but combinatorial use with anti-inflammatory lentiviral vector LentiVIP is necessary for more significant effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michele Malaguarnera, Tiziano Balzano, Mari Carmen Castro, Marta Llansola, Vicente Felipo
Summary: The study suggests that GABA(A) receptor modulation may be a suitable target for improving neuroinflammation in MHE, as evidenced by the effects of the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline in reducing inflammation in hyperammonemic rats while possibly inducing inflammation in control rats. This indicates a complex interaction between the GABAergic system and the immune system in the development of neuroinflammation in MHE.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Md Sahab Uddin, Md Tanvir Kabir, Maroua Jalouli, Md Ataur Rahman, Philippe Jeandet, Tapan Behl, Athanasios Alexiou, Ghadeer M. Albadrani, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Asma Perveen, Ghulam Md Ashraf
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with immunological processes and inflammation. Aggregated and misfolded proteins, as well as external factors such as obesity and systemic inflammation, may contribute to the development and progression of the disease.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aarti Nagayach, Anshuman Singh, Alfred I. Geller
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Aarti Nagayach, Anshuman Singh, Alfred I. Geller
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aarti Nagayach, Anshuman Singh, Angel L. De Blas, Alfred Geller
Article
Immunology
Shrstha Sinha, Nisha Patro, Ishan K. Patro
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shrstha Sinha, Nisha Patro, P. K. Tiwari, Ishan K. Patro
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Biology
Tiyasha Sarkar, Nisha Patro, Ishan Kumar Patro
Article
Neurosciences
Song Hong, Aarti Nagayach, Yan Lu, Hongying Peng, Quoc-Viet A. Duong, Nicholas B. Pham, Christopher A. Vuong, Nicolas G. Bazan
Summary: The study revealed that a Western diet high in saturated fat, sugar, and salt leads to neurological dysfunctions in aging mice, including decreased motor and sensory functions, increased neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Metformin treatment can help alleviate these changes.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brijendra Singh, Yogesh Kumar Dhuriya, Nisha Patro, Mahendra Kumar Thakur, Vinay Kumar Khanna, Ishan Kumar Patro
Summary: Early-life viral infections can lead to abnormalities in brain development, affecting the dopaminergic system, myelination, and behavioral abilities. Experimental results showed that exposure to Poly I:C results in decreased DA-D2 receptor binding, demyelination, and impaired motor function.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aarti Nagayach, Maryam Ghafari, Yinghong Zhao, Grant S. Collins, Anshuman Singh, Alfred Geller
Summary: Neocortical areas are composed of multiple neuronal circuits that play a crucial role in advanced cognitive tasks, although the specific structure and critical neurons involved are not yet fully understood. This study demonstrated that postsynaptic neurons in different brain regions are essential for specific visual shape discrimination learning in rats. By manipulating the activity of neurons using PKC and siRNA, researchers were able to show the importance of two parallel circuits in visual shape discrimination learning.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Tiyasha Sarkar, Nisha Patro, Ishan Kumar Patro
Summary: Children born into poor socioeconomic conditions often face protein malnourishment and immune stress, which can contribute to the development of neurological disorders. This study found that pups from low-protein diets were more vulnerable to immune stressors and showed symptoms of neuronal damage, spine loss, downregulation of certain proteins, gliosis, and behavioral deficits. These findings suggest that multi-hit exposure may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia-like pathologies in adulthood.
Review
Neurosciences
Urmilla John, Nisha Patro, Ishan Patro
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the brain, providing support and performing various functions in the central nervous system (CNS) development and regeneration. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specific structure of the ECM that envelop the cell body and initial axon segment of neurons. PNNs play a crucial role in early neural development and regulate plasticity and regeneration in adulthood. This review summarizes the structure, distribution, and functions of PNNs, and discusses their involvement in neurological disorders.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aarti Nagayach, Rakesh Bhaskar, Ishan Patro
Summary: Diabetic rats exhibited cognitive and behavioral alterations, which may be associated with the activation of microglia and macrophages, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the hippocampus.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Urmilla John, Nisha Patro, Ishan K. Patro
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of astroglial activation and associated intensified expression of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on dendritogenesis, spinogenesis, and synaptic activity in the cerebellum after protein malnutrition (PMN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced bacterial infection. Reactive astrogliosis and upregulation of CSPGs resulted in disrupted dendritogenesis, reduced levels of postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95), and a negative impact on spine growth. These changes have the potential to cause synaptic dysregulation and inhibition of plasticity in both development and adulthood.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Meghraj Singh Baghel, Brijendra Singh, Nisha Patro, Vinay Kumar Khanna, Ishan Kumar Patro, Mahendra Kumar Thakur
ANNALS OF NEUROSCIENCES
(2019)