期刊
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
卷 8, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00324
关键词
gap junction; connexin; innexin; electrical synapse; asymmetry; rectification
资金
- Grass Foundation
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Student Research Fellowship
- Marie-Curie Zukunfts-kolleg Incoming Fellowship
- National Institutes of Health [NIH DC03186, DC011099, NS055726, NS085772, NS0552827]
Unopposed hemichannels (HCs) formed by hexamers of gap junction proteins are now known to be involved in various cellular processes under both physiological and pathological conditions. On the other hand, less is known regarding how differences in the molecular composition of HCs impact electrical synaptic transmission between neurons when they form intercellular heterotypic gap junctions (GJs). Here we review data indicating that molecular differences between apposed HCs at electrical synapses are generally associated with rectification of electrical transmission. Furthermore, this association has been observed at both innexin and connexin (Cx) based electrical synapses. We discuss the possible molecular mechanisms underlying electrical rectification, as well as the potential contribution of intracellular soluble factors to this phenomenon. We conclude that asymmetries in molecular composition and sensitivity to cellular factors of each contributing hemichannel can profoundly influence the transmission of electrical signals, endowing electrical synapses with more complex functional properties.
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