Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaihua Jiang, Peng Xue, Yue Xu, Yang Yi, Jie Zhu, Li Ding, Aibin Zheng
Summary: The study analyzed the brain function of PNE and TD children and found significant differences in the functional connectivity between the left PVT and left NAc in PNE children compared to TD children. The findings indicate that the functional connectivity between rPVT and lNAc is more reliable in assessing the awakening ability of PNE children, potentially assisting in establishing evaluation indices for PNE.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nilufer Sayar-Atasoy, Connor Laule, Iltan Aklan, Hyojin Kim, Yavuz Yavuz, Tayfun Ates, Ilknur Coban, Fulya Koksalar-Alkan, Jacob Rysted, Debbie Davis, Uday Singh, Muhammed Ikbal Alp, Bayram Yilmaz, Huxing Cui, Deniz Atasoy
Summary: This study investigates the role of norepinephrine in appetite regulation and identifies a novel ascending noradrenergic circuit that conveys hunger signals to the melanocortin pathway. The researchers found that norepinephrine levels in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) increase with energy deficit signals and decrease with food access. They also discovered that the innervating catecholaminergic axon terminals from NTSTH-neurons target PVNMC4R-neurons and regulate appetite. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of appetite regulation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robin A. Schoonderwoerd, Pablo de Torres Gutierrez, Ruben Blommers, Anouk W. van Beurden, Tineke C. J. J. Coenen, Nathan J. Klett, Stephan H. Michel, Johanna H. Meijer
Summary: The timing of activity in diurnal and nocturnal mammals is regulated by the central circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). A study found that diurnal rodents have more inhibitory responses to light, which are driven directly by the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT).
Article
Cell Biology
Nicolas Saucisse, Wilfrid Mazier, Vincent Simon, Elke Binder, Caterina Catania, Luigi Bellocchio, Roman A. Romanov, Stephane Leon, Isabelle Matias, Philippe Zizzari, Carmelo Quarta, Astrid Cannich, Kana Meece, Delphine Gonzales, Samantha Clark, Julia M. Becker, Giles S. H. Yeo, Xavier Fioramonti, Florian T. Merkle, Sharon L. Wardlaw, Tibor Harkany, Federico Massa, Giovanni Marsicano, Daniela Cota
Summary: Blocking the energy sensor mTORC1 in POMC neurons can mimic a cellular negative energy state, leading to hyperphagia. The functional specificity of the GABA and glutamate subpopulations in POMC neurons relies on the activity of mTORC1.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amelia M. Douglass, Jon M. Resch, Joseph C. Madara, Hakan Kucukdereli, Ofer Yizhar, Abhinav Grama, Masahito Yamagata, Zongfang Yang, Bradford B. Lowell
Summary: Fasting activates the HPA axis through the inhibition of GABAergic afferents by AgRP neurons in the PVH. This study reveals the neural basis for fasting-induced HPA axis activation and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying stress-induced HPA axis activation.
Article
Neurosciences
Musa Iyiola Ajibola, Jei-Wei Wu, Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed, Cheng-Chang Lien
Summary: The study demonstrates that subcortical input from the SuM selectively regulates the activities of different DG neurons through distinct synaptic mechanisms in mice. While SuM activation leads to synaptic excitation and inhibition in all post-synaptic cells, the ratio of these components varies depending on cell type. Specifically, dendrite-targeting interneurons primarily receive synaptic excitation, soma-targeting interneurons and granule cells mainly receive synaptic inhibition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Kara K. Cover, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: The chemical synapse is the primary form of contact between neurons in the central nervous system, with axo-axonic synapses being an atypical type that play significant roles in neural signaling and functional neural circuit motifs.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Wang, Linshan Sun, Jingjing You, Honghai Peng, Haijing Yan, Jiangong Wang, Fengjiao Sun, Minghu Cui, Sanwang Wang, Zheng Zhang, Xueli Fan, Dunjiang Liu, Cuilan Liu, Changyun Qiu, Chao Chen, Zhicheng Xu, Jinbo Chen, Wei Li, Bin Liu
Summary: Chronic stress induces depression and insulin resistance, and there is a bidirectional relationship between them. This study reveals the involvement of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in depression and insulin resistance induced by chronic stress. The activation of PVN neurons plays a role in increasing sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues, downregulating several adipokines, and leading to depression and insulin resistance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Yong, Isin Cakir, Pauline Lining Pan, Jessica E. Biddinger, Rebecca J. Bluett, Ken Mackie, Nathan Bingham, Sachin Patel, Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
Summary: This passage discusses the importance of hypothalamic regulation of feeding and energy expenditure, as well as the roles of melanocortins and endogenous cannabinoids in these processes. The study shows that 2-AG regulates MC4R cell activity by inhibiting GABA input, impacting energy state, body weight, appetite, and energy expenditure.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Xiaoli Bu, Yiqiu Chen, Ping Lv, Xiaoyun Fu, Bao Fu
Summary: This study investigated the role of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) in isoflurane anesthesia. The results showed that glutamatergic neurons in the PVT were highly active during wakefulness but had low activity during isoflurane anesthesia. Activation of PVT glutamatergic neurons accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia, while suppression of these neurons delayed the recovery from anesthesia.
BMC ANESTHESIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehwish Abbasi, Rachael A. Augustine, Karl J. Iremonger, Colin H. Brown
Summary: Oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus secrete oxytocin to induce uterine contractions during parturition. The activation of oxytocin neurons at parturition involves a network of afferent inputs. Kisspeptin, which increases during pregnancy, only excites oxytocin neurons in late pregnancy. However, the excitation of oxytocin neurons by kisspeptin does not appear to involve the ERK1/2-p38 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Si-Ting Huang, Zhi-Jing Song, Yu Liu, Wen-Chen Luo, Qian Yin, Yong-Mei Zhang
Summary: The study indicates that maternal separation may increase the firing frequency of CRF neurons in the PVN in adult mice, which can be reversed by injecting exogenous GABA into the PVN. GABAergic neurons projecting to PVN were mainly located in the anterior ventral region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST-AV), and the excitability of these neurons was decreased.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin Spurny-Dworak, Godber Mathis Godbersen, Murray Bruce Reed, Jakob Unterholzner, Thomas Vanicek, Pia Baldinger-Melich, Andreas Hahn, Georg S. Kranz, Wolfgang Bogner, Rupert Lanzenberger, Siegfried Kasper
Summary: This study investigated the effects of bilateral theta burst stimulation (TBS) on cortical neurotransmitter levels in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients using 3D-multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) and a novel surface-based MRSI analysis approach. The results showed that excitatory intermittent TBS (iTBS) led to a significant increase in glutamate/total N-acetylaspartate (Glx/tNAA) ratios in the left caudal middle frontal area, while inhibitory continuous TBS (cTBS) did not alter glutamate or GABA concentrations.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ben Yang, Javier Sanches-Padilla, Jyothisri Kondapalli, Sage L. Morison, Eric Delpire, Rajeshwar Awatramani, D. James Surmeier
Summary: The study reveals that LC neurons modulate fear-induced suppression of feeding by exciting PBN neurons and inhibiting CeA synaptic transmission. Blocking endocannabinoid receptors in CeA neurons can reduce this inhibitory effect.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Courtney M. Vecera, Alan C. Courtes, Gregory Jones, Jair C. Soares, Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
Summary: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a specific type of major depressive disorder (MDD) characterized by failures of antidepressant therapies. Imbalance between L-glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitters in the central nervous system has been found to play a key role in TRD. This review evaluates investigational antidepressants targeting these systems, assessing their evidence, mechanisms, and safety profiles. Some of these drugs have obtained FDA approval, but concerns exist for certain drugs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer R. Rainville, Grant L. Weiss, Nathan Evanson, James P. Herman, Nandini Vasudevan, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grant L. Weiss, Jennifer R. Rainville, Qi Zhao, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer R. Rainville, Grant L. Weiss, Nathan Evanson, James P. Herman, Nandini Vasudevan, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jeffrey G. Tasker, Masha Prager-Khoutorsky, Ryoichi Teruyama, Jose R. Lemos, William E. Amstrong
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Colin H. Brown, Mike Ludwig, Jeffrey G. Tasker, Javier E. Stern
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amanda B. Leithead, Jeffrey G. Tasker, Hala Harony-Nicolas
Summary: OXT neurons display burst firing and inter-neuron synchronization during lactation, leading to pulsatile release of OXT for milk ejection. This pattern may be influenced by hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits, which warrants further investigation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xin Fu, Eric Teboul, Grant L. Weiss, Pantelis Antonoudiou, Chandrashekhar D. Borkar, Jonathan P. Fadok, Jamie Maguire, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Summary: The authors study how the modulation of Gq activity in basolateral amygdala parvalbumin interneurons mediates the transitions between brain and behavioral states, particularly fear-related ones.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhiying Jiang, Chun Chen, Grant L. Weiss, Xin Fu, Claire E. Stelly, Brook L. W. Sweeten, Parker S. Tirrell, India Pursell, Carly R. Stevens, Marc O. Fisher, John C. Begley, Laura M. Harrison, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Summary: Noradrenergic signaling via a1 adrenoreceptor activation drives the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to stress, with somatic stimuli preferentially activating these pathways over psychological stress. Glucocorticoids provide negative feedback onto the hypothalamus to regulate the HPA axis and prevent overexposure and neuropathology. This study demonstrates that acute stress leads to rapid glucocorticoid regulation of adrenoreceptor trafficking in CRH neurons, specifically desensitizing the HPA axis to somatic stress. These findings reveal a stress modality-selective glucocorticoid negative feedback mechanism.
Article
Neurosciences
Mariia Dorofeikova, Claire E. Stelly, Anh Duong, Samhita Basavanhalli, Erin Bean, Katherine Weissmuller, Natalia Sifnugel, Alexis Resendez, David M. Corey, Jeffrey G. Tasker, Jonathan P. Fadok
Summary: Research has historically focused on studying the neurobiological basis of appetitive and aversive survival behaviors separately. Recent studies have introduced a paradigm that allows for simultaneous assessment of animals' responses to both types of stimuli, highlighting the involvement of the central nucleus of the amygdala in processing stimuli of both valences. Manipulation of specific CeA subtypes impacted motivation and reward-seeking behavior, offering insights into neuronal mechanisms controlling motivated behaviors across different valences.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Raoni Conceicao dos-Santos, Brook L. W. Sweeten, Claire E. Stelly, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Summary: Stress has effects on the nervous system at different signaling levels and time scales. Glucocorticoids, the main effectors of stress plasticity, act on multiple receptor subtypes in different cellular compartments, leading to changes in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. This review focuses on the rapid actions of acute stress-induced glucocorticoids in modulating synaptic and intrinsic neuronal properties. The stress-related brain structures, such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, exhibit synaptic plasticity in response to single or short-term stress exposure.
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Claire Stelly, Alyssa Hall, Kasey Anderson, Anh Duong, Naseem Azadi, Jeffrey Tasker, Jonathan Fadok
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Chandrashekhar Borkar, Xin Fu, Maria Dorofeikova, Quan-Son Le, Rithvik Vutukuri, Catherine Vo, Samhita Basavanhalli, Anh Duong, Erin Bean, Alexis Resendez, Jones Parker, Jeffrey Tasker, Jonathan Fadok
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shi Di, ZhiYing Jiang, Sen Wang, Laura M. Harrison, Eduardo Castro-Echeverry, Thomas C. Stuart, Maim E. Wolf, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Article
Neurosciences
Christina Harris, Grant L. Weiss, Shi Di, Jeffrey G. Tasker
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2019)
Article
Physiology
Ion R. Popescu, Zafir Buraei, Juhee Haamm, Feng-Ju Weng, Jeffrey G. Tasker
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2019)