Review
Virology
Swetha Pinninti, Suresh Boppana
Summary: Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common congenital viral infection, often asymptomatic, but can cause severe infections and long-term sequelae in immunocompromised individuals and in mother-to-child transmission. HCMV prevalence and congenital infection incidence vary based on geographic area and demographics, and there is currently a lack of awareness and effective treatment options for HCMV during pregnancy.
Review
Virology
Caroline M. Bateman, Alison Kesson, Madeleine Powys, Melanie Wong, Emily Blyth
Summary: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed children by establishing host latency that leads to periodic reactivation, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Early identification and prevention strategies are crucial for managing CMV infections in primary immunodeficient hosts. Treatments, including CMV immunotherapy, play a vital role in the clinical management of CMV in children with secondary immunodeficiency.
Article
Virology
Guy Handley, Stephanie Pankow, Jennifer Dien Bard, Rebecca Yee, Masayuki Nigo, Rodrigo Hasbun
Summary: CMV meningoencephalitis occurs most commonly in patients with HIV, with encephalitis occurring more frequently than meningitis. Clinical and laboratory findings differ compared to other viral etiologies, supporting consideration of CMV in the differential diagnosis of patients with meningoencephalitis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Natalia Luesebrink, Matthias Kieslich, Holger F. Rabenau, Rolf L. Schloesser, Horst Buxmann
Summary: The aim of the study was to analyze the diagnostic workup of hospitalized infants with symptoms of congenital CMV infections. Results showed that diagnoses of congenital CMV infections were found in 5% of patients, but strict investigation of CMV was not conducted in all patients due to German law on destroying DBS.
Review
Microbiology
Jerome Moulden, Cathy Yea Won Sung, Ilija Brizic, Stipan Jonjic, William Britt
Summary: Human cytomegalovirus infection of the developing fetus can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, with limited understanding of the neuropathogenesis due to complexities including maternal immune responses and virus replication in the CNS. Animal models have been developed to study CMV neuropathogenesis despite species limitations, providing valuable insights into the human infection.
Review
Infectious Diseases
David S. Y. Ong, Ga-Lai M. Chong, Roy F. Chemaly, Olaf L. Cremer
Summary: This review focuses on the comparative effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in different types of acquired immunosuppression. CMV infection affects various organ systems through direct and indirect mechanisms. Antiviral prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy have become standard practice in transplant recipients, preventing CMV disease manifestations and reducing immunopathological processes. However, the efficacy of CMV prevention and treatment in patients with critical illness- or medication-induced immunosuppression remains uncertain.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Patricia Moniz, Sergio Brito, Pedro Povoa
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased cases of CMV reactivation in critically ill patients, although the exact relationship between the two remains unclear. The significant immune suppression in severe COVID-19 patients may impact CMV reactivation, potentially affecting the clinical course. Multiple confounding factors in these patients will pose challenges for future research.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Andra Lazar, Ulrika Lofkvist, Luca Verrecchia, Eva Karltorp
Summary: This study found long-term hearing and vestibular outcome differences between identical twins infected with congenital CMV, indicating the need for clinicians to be aware of individual variations in treatment approaches for hearing issues related to this infection in identical twins.
Article
Oncology
Rachel E. Gallant, Katti Arroyo, Catherine Metayer, Alice Y. Kang, Adam J. de Smith, Joseph L. Wiemels
Summary: Childhood infections and maternal infections during pregnancy are associated with CMV-positive pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Increased numbers of infections in the first 12 months of life and a history of maternal infection during pregnancy are risk factors for developing CMV-positive ALL, possibly due to early immune system alterations via CMV exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Nipat Chuleerarux, Saman Nematollahi, Achitpol Thongkam, M. Veronica Dioverti, Kasama Manothummetha, Pattama Torvorapanit, Nattapong Langsiri, Navaporn Worasilchai, Rongpong Plongla, Ariya Chindamporn, Anawin Sanguankeo, Nitipong Permpalung
Summary: This study aimed to determine the relationship between CMV infection/serostatus and IFIs in allo-HSCT populations. The results showed that post-transplant CMV infection and high-risk CMV serostatus increased the risk of IFIs, while low-risk CMV serostatus decreased the risk of IFIs.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christine Hehnly, Paddy Ssentongo, Lisa M. Bebell, Kathy Burgoine, Joel Bazira, Claudio Fronterre, Elias Kumbakumba, Ronald Mulondo, Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Sarah U. Morton, Joseph Ngonzi, Moses Ochora, Peter Olupot-Olupot, John Mugamba, Justin Onen, Drucilla J. Roberts, Kathryn Sheldon, Shamim A. Sinnar, Jasmine Smith, Peter Ssenyonga, Julius Kiwanuka, Joseph N. Paulson, Frederick A. Meier, Jessica E. Ericson, James R. Broach, Steven J. Schiff
Summary: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections among newborn-mother pairs, neonates with sepsis, and infants with hydrocephalus in Uganda. The findings revealed a substantial prevalence of congenital and postnatal CMV infections in this African setting, with the long-term consequences yet to be characterized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Sofia Almeida, Paula Gouveia, Arminda Jorge, Ana Fortuna, Sandro Binda, Maria Barbi, Maria Sao Jose Nascimento, Paulo Paixao
Summary: This study summarizes the results of a 15-year observational study in which dried blood spots (DBS) were used for late diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The study found that testing DBS in symptomatic children and children born to mothers with serologic diagnosis of maternal primary CMV infection can yield higher virus detection rates.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Amalia Anastasopoulou, Michael Samarkos, Panagiotis Diamantopoulos, Christina Vourlakou, Dimitrios C. Ziogas, Pantelis Avramopoulos, Panagiotis Kouzis, John Haanen, Helen Gogas
Summary: In this study, we report a case of CMV gastritis in a melanoma patient treated with Pembrolizumab without previous or current use of immunosuppressants, and review the literature on CMV infection/disease in patients with solid malignancies receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We summarize the available data on the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and histologic features of CMV infection/disease, and highlight potential differences between cases complicating relapsed/refractory irAEs and those occurring in immunosuppression naive patients. We also discuss the currently available data on useful diagnostic tools and management strategies for these patients.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Beatriz Prado Noronha, Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini, Karen Cecilia Lima Torres, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa, Sergio Viana Peixoto
Summary: The study identified a high prevalence of CMV and HSV-1 infections in older adults, with different chemokines associated with antibody titers for each infection. Higher concentrations of certain chemokines were linked to lower or higher antibody titers for CMV, while intermediate levels of other chemokines were associated with higher antibody titers for both CMV and HSV-1.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Emily R. Albright, Clayton K. Mickelson, Robert F. Kalejta
Summary: This study identified that the HCMV latency protein UL138 inhibits the cGAS/STING/TBK1 innate immunity pathway, not only during infection but also during viral latency. This finding helps to understand how innate immunity or its neutralization impacts long-term persistence by HCMV and other latent viruses.
