A new morphometric model in distinguishing two closely related extinct brachiopod species

Pseudoatrypa (Atrypida, Brachiopoda) are extinct Paleozoic brachiopods that are the closest relatives of the modern brachiopods, rhynchonellids. Two Paleozoic brachiopod species were qualitatively distinguished based on close examination of phenotypic characters and traditional morphometrics. These species were recovered for the first time from the Givetian localities of Traverse Group of Michigan. The efficacy of geometric morphometric analyses in discriminating species has been proven for various organisms, but rarely studies have been performed in distinguishing brachiopod species. The advanced morphometric model developed here using the Procrustes-based landmark method is based on the analysis of valve shape in two extinct brachiopod species: Pseudoatrypa lineata and Pseudoatrypa devoniana. Results from quantitative analyses reinforce the qualitative identifications of the two species. The application of this method on four different orientations (dorsal, ventral, posterior and anterior regions) of the brachiopods permits the two species to be clearly separated, and this study proposes that the model can be effectively used for future identification and distinction of fossil species. Additionally, this study will aid biologists, paleontologists and neontologists in making appropriate advancement in systematic studies and further assist with gauging biodiversity congruously.