Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Soonwon Yang, Hyun Jung Lee, Soojung Shin, In Yang Park, So-Hyang Chung
Summary: This study investigated the impact of donor age on the stemness of limbal epithelial stem cell sheets. The results showed that donors younger than 65 years old exhibited higher expression of stem/progenitor cell markers and greater regenerative potential.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Gert Huetsi, Martti Raidal, Juan Urrutia, Ville Vaskonen, Hardi Veermaee
Summary: The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered bright early galaxies that contradict with the existence of cold dark matter. By considering power-law modifications to the matter power spectrum, the tension can be resolved if dark matter consists of 2 x 10-18 eV axions or if a fraction fPBH > 0.005 of dark matter is composed of compact heavy structures like primordial black hole clusters. However, in both cases, the star formation efficiency needs to be significantly enhanced.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yusuke Mori, Naoka Shiratsuchi, Nanami Sato, Azusa Chaya, Nobuyuki Tanimura, Susumu Ishikawa, Mugihiko Kato, Ikumi Kameda, Shunsuke Kon, Yukinari Haraoka, Tohru Ishitani, Yasuyuki Fujita
Summary: This study found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in the surrounding epithelial layers during cell extrusion, and reducing ROS levels inhibits the extrusion process. Additionally, extruding cells release ATP, which promotes ROS levels and cell extrusion. The extracellular ATP and ROS pathways also regulate the movement of surrounding cells towards the extruding cells. These findings highlight the important role of extracellular ATP in cell extrusion.
Article
Cell Biology
Dorothee Brech, Anna S. Herbstritt, Sarah Diederich, Tobias Straub, Evangelos Kokolakis, Martin Irmler, Johannes Beckers, Florian A. Buettner, Elke Schaeffeler, Stefan Winter, Matthias Schwab, Peter J. Nelson, Elfriede Noessner
Summary: Phagocytes play important roles in tissue repair and immune activation, but they may also have immunosuppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment. A specific cell type in colon cancer, with a polarization state reflecting tissue signals and patient prognosis, has been identified and could serve as a therapeutic target for immunotherapy.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristina M. Utzschneider, David A. Ehrmann, Silva A. Arslanian, Elena Barengolts, Thomas A. Buchanan, Sonia Caprio, Sharon L. Edelstein, Tamara S. Hannon, Steven E. Kahn, Alexandra Kozedub, Kieren J. Mather, Kristen J. Nadeau, Susan Sam, Mark Tripputi, Anny H. Xiang, Laure El ghormli
Summary: Weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, and its contribution after surgical or medical intervention can be compared using different treatment methods. L + M treatment can enhance beta-cell function independent of weight loss, while laparoscopic gastric banding does not provide a net benefit to beta-cell function.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Julie De Beule, Delphine Keppens, Hannelie Korf, Ina Jochmans
Summary: There is uncertainty about the composition of the perfusate for normothermic kidney perfusion, and the effect of different perfusate components or ischemic conditions on cytokine levels is unclear. Further research is needed to understand the role of leukocyte filters and the changes in cytokine levels during different ischemic conditions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Beaumont, Corinne Lencina, Katia Feve, Celine Barilly, Laurence Le-Normand, Sylvie Combes, Guillaume Devailly, Gaelle Boudry
Summary: The disruption of the primocolonizing gut microbiota alters epithelial innate immunity in the colon and imprints stem cells, which could have long-term consequences for gut health. Colistin, an antibiotic, was used in a newborn piglet model to deplete specific gram-negative bacteria in the neonatal gut microbiota. The depletion of these bacteria resulted in altered gene expression in the colon epithelium, decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and lysozyme (LYZ) levels, and an increased concentration of succinate in the colon.
Article
Soil Science
Marcin Szuszkiewicz, Eduard Petrovsky, Adam Lukasik, Piotr Gruba, Hana Grison, Maria Magdalena Szuszkiewicz
Summary: Determining the origin and role of weathering processes in soil magnetic and geochemical imprints is crucial for assessing the relationship between technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs), potentially toxic elements (PTEs), iron, and manganese. Magnetic parameters and geochemical analysis provide a reliable method for interpreting measured parameters in specific soil horizons, reflecting the influence of geogenic and technogenic sources. Results show that in areas with strongly magnetic bedrock, geogenic magnetic particles primarily contribute to the volume magnetic susceptibility of the topsoil.
Article
Surgery
Aaron M. Kosins
Summary: Preservation rhinoplasty is a developing approach with both open and closed methods being used depending on the nasal deformities. Closed PR is favored for patients with thin skin, minimal dorsal modification, simple tip deformities, and overprojected noses, while open PR is preferred for extensive dorsal modification, S-shaped nasal bones, complex tip deformities, and tip augmentation. Structural dorsal rhinoplasty is always performed with an open approach and is chosen for complex dorsal deformities and severe septal deviations.
AESTHETIC SURGERY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiago Ramos, Mohit Parekh, Stephen B. Kaye, Sajjad Ahmad
Summary: This study investigates the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, in triggering the plasticity of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells and identifies potential miRNA and genes responsible for maintaining ocular surface homeostasis. The results show that EVs released by different cell types have the ability to influence the transdifferentiation of human conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells, with miR-9-5p potentially playing a key role in stem cell homeostasis and cell differentiation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qianqian Hu, Zirui Wang, Gang Zhao, Lingxiao Shen
Summary: In this study, we investigated the effects of cryopreservation on the biomechanics of human red blood cells using a microfluidic electrodeformation assay. Our findings showed that the viscoelasticity of the red blood cell membrane differed between permeable and impermeable cryoprotectants. Furthermore, we found that high freeze-thaw recovery did not necessarily indicate excellent viscoelasticity in the recovered cells. Our results highlight the importance of assessing single-cell viscoelasticity as an indicator for evaluating the quality of cryopreserved cells and improving our understanding of the cryoinjury mechanism. This assessment technique also holds significant potential for optimizing cryopreservation processes and screening optimal cryoprotectants.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Paleontology
Zhiliang Zhang, Timothy P. Topper, Yanlong Chen, Luke C. Strotz, Feiyang Chen, Lars E. Holmer, Glenn A. Brock, Zhifei Zhang
Summary: Acrotretides are extinct micromorphic brachiopods that exhibited considerable morphological variation during their rapid evolution in the early Palaeozoic. This study uses advanced geometric morphometrics to study ontogenetic variation and allometry in the ventral valve of the oldest known acrotretide species from the early Cambrian of South China. The results show substantial shape variation for Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis, with a parabolic morphological trajectory through ontogeny, demonstrating a remarkable reversal to PC1 values equivalent to those obtained for juveniles during later ontogenetic stages.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shaohe Wang, Kazue Matsumoto, Samantha R. Lish, Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera, Kenneth M. Yamada
Summary: The study found that in embryonic salivary glands, budding morphogenesis is driven by the expansion and folding of a specific epithelial surface cell sheet characterized by strong cell-matrix adhesions and weak cell-cell adhesions. Experimental validation showed that cell-matrix adhesion is essential for budding morphogenesis.
Article
Oncology
Patricia Garcia-Cabo, Fernando Lopez, Mario Sanchez-Canteli, Laura Fernandez-Vanes, Cesar Alvarez-Marcos, Jose Luis Llorente, Maria Angeles de la Rua, Pilar Blay, Juan P. Rodrigo
Summary: This study compared organ-preservation protocols with surgery followed by radiotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma patients. The results showed no significant differences in overall survival, disease-specific survival, locoregional control, and metastasis-free survival between the two treatment approaches for patients with specific cancer stages.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Linn Salto Mamsen, Stine Gry Kristensen, Susanne Elisabeth Pors, Jane Alro Botkjaer, Erik Ernst, Kirsten Tryde Macklon, Debra Gook, Ajay Kumar, Bhanu Kalra, Claus Yding Andersen
Summary: This study evaluated the ovarian tissue of girls with BT and SCD who underwent OTC before age 18, finding that their follicle numbers and health were similar to a reference group with normal ovaries. OTC should be considered as an option for fertility preservation in young girls and adolescents with BT and SCD.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
