Article
Rheumatology
Xiaojun Tang, Linyu Geng, Xuebing Feng, Lingyun Sun
Summary: This study evaluated the serum concentration and activity of ACE2 in patients with connective tissue diseases. The results showed that ACE2 concentration was significantly decreased but activity was increased in CTD patients, with ACE2 concentration associated with glucocorticoid dosage in SLE patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Meiners, Kristina Jansen, Natalia Gorbokon, Franziska Buescheck, Andreas M. Luebke, Martina Kluth, Claudia Hube-Magg, Doris Hoeflmayer, Soeren Weidemann, Christoph Fraune, Katharina Moeller, Christian Bernreuther, Patrick Lebok, Anne Menz, Frank Jacobsen, Till Clauditz, Guido Sauter, Ria Uhlig, Waldemar Wilczak, Jakob Izbicki, Daniel Perez, Sarah Minner, Eike Burandt, Till Krech, Andreas Marx, Ronald Simon, Stefan Steurer
Summary: ACE2 expression is detected in tumor cells and tumor-associated capillaries of various tumor types, with particularly high frequencies in certain cancers such as renal cell carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Article
Biology
Hristo L. Svilenov, Florent Delhommel, Till Siebenmorgen, Florian Ruehrnoessl, Grzegorz M. Popowicz, Alwin Reiter, Michael Sattler, Carsten Brockmeyer, Johannes Buchner
Summary: The solution structure, stability, and dynamics of a broadly-acting antiviral ACE2-IgG-Fc fusion protein are determined. Small chemical compounds binding to ACE2 can be used to drastically increase the thermal stability of the ACE2 domain. Our findings reveal a general concept for stabilizing the labile receptor segments of therapeutic antiviral fusion proteins by chemical compounds.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mauro G. Silva, Gerardo R. Corradi, Juan Perez Duhalde, Myriam Nunez, Eliana M. Cela, Daniel H. Gonzales Maglio, Ana Brizzio, Martin R. Salazar, Walter G. Espeche, Mariela M. Gironacci
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients have higher levels of ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity in their blood compared to healthy individuals, while levels of AngII and Ang-(1-7) are lower. Even when excluding COVID-19 patients under RAS blockade treatment, ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity remain higher in COVID-19 patients, suggesting the involvement of RAS in COVID-19.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnieszka Dettlaff-Pokora, Julian Swierczynski
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 impairs the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by binding the ACE2 enzyme, leading to an increase in angiotensin 2 and a decrease in angiotensin (1-7), potentially worsening damage to the lungs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven D. Brooks, Rachel L. Smith, Aline S. Moreira, Hans C. Ackerman
Summary: Lisinopril increases ACE2 expression in tissues relevant to COVID-19, while adding losartan prevents the lisinopril-induced increase. A sex difference was observed with higher ACE2 levels in the kidneys of male mice.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jakub Jankowski, Hye Kyung Lee, Julia Wilflingseder, Lothar Hennighausen
Summary: This study reports on the genetic programs activated in kidney cells in response to interferons during COVID-19, and the inhibitory effect of a Janus kinase inhibitor. The findings help identify kidney-specific interferon responses.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiao Lu Bao, Yang Dai, Lin Lu, Xiao Qun Wang, Feng Hua Ding, Wei Feng Shen, Ying Shen, Raffaele De Caterina
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between serum vasostatin-2 levels and coronary collateral vessels in diabetic patients with chronic total occlusions, and investigate the effects of vasostatin-2 on angiogenesis in diabetic mice with hindlimb or myocardial ischemia. The results showed that serum vasostatin-2 levels were significantly different among patients with different CCV categories and were negatively associated with poor CCV quality. Vasostatin-2 was found to significantly promote angiogenesis in diabetic mice with hindlimb or myocardial ischemia, and this effect was mediated by ACE2.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven Andrew Baker, Shirley Kwok, Gerald J. Berry, Thomas J. Montine
Summary: The study found that ACE2 expression increases with age in patients on mechanical ventilation, particularly in the presence of alveolar damage. This could be a potential mechanism for higher Covid-19 mortality in the elderly.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilaria Caputo, Brasilina Caroccia, Ilaria Frasson, Elena Poggio, Stefania Zamberlan, Margherita Morpurgo, Teresa M. Seccia, Tito Cali, Marisa Brini, Sara N. Richter, Gian Paolo Rossi
Summary: Blockers of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can increase the expression of ACE2, the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and thus increase the risk of COVID-19. This study found that angiotensin II (Ang II) significantly increased the levels of ACE2 expression by acting on the angiotensin type 1 receptor, resulting in enhanced viral entry into cells. However, the blockade of ACE-1-mediated Ang II formation and ACE2-mediated Ang II conversion did not have any effect. Therefore, increased production of Ang II in patients with an activated RAS may lead to a greater spread of COVID-19 infection in lung cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Leder Leal Xavier, Paula Fernanda Ribas Neves, Lisie Valeria Paz, Laura Tartari Neves, Pamela Brambilla Bagatini, Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers, Alberto Antonio Rasia-Filho, Regis Gemerasca Mestriner, Andrea Wieck
Summary: This viewpoint explores the pathophysiological hypotheses of COVID-19, focusing on the role of molecules like ACE2 and ANG II in the RAAS system, as well as the biological changes in RAAS activation following SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas L. Williams, Gregory Strachan, Robyn G. C. Macrae, Rhoda E. Kuc, Duuamene Nyimanu, Anna L. Paterson, Sanjay Sinha, Janet J. Maguire, Anthony P. Davenport
Summary: ACE2 is a membrane protein that regulates the cardiovascular system and acts as a receptor for human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. A newly discovered short ACE2 isoform, deltaACE2, may affect individual susceptibility to viral infection and likelihood of developing Long COVID. Research shows that deltaACE2 is more expressed in the lung and liver compared to full-length ACE2.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Liu, Fengfeng Mao, Jianhe Chen, Shuaiyao Lu, Yonghe Qi, Yinyan Sun, Linqiang Fang, Man Lung Yeung, Chunmei Liu, Guimei Yu, Guangyu Li, Ximing Liu, Yuansheng Yao, Panpan Huang, Dongxia Hao, Zibing Liu, Yu Ding, Haimo Liu, Fang Yang, Pan Chen, Rigai Sa, Yao Sheng, Xinxin Tian, Ran Peng, Xue Li, Junmian Luo, Yurui Cheng, Yule Zheng, Yongqing Lin, Rui Song, Ronghua Jin, Baoying Huang, Hyeryun Choe, Michael Farzan, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Wenjie Tan, Xiaozhong Peng, Jianhua Sui, Wenhui Li
Summary: Researchers have developed HH-120, an inhalable molecule with high avidity, which can neutralize all known variants of SARS-CoV-2 and significantly reduce viral loads and lung pathology scores. This study represents a meaningful advancement in inhalation delivery of large biologics and demonstrates the efficacy of HH-120 against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hui Yin Lim, Sheila K. Patel, Ping Huang, Mark Tacey, Kay Weng Choy, Julie Wang, Geoffrey Donnan, Harshal H. Nandurkar, Prahlad Ho, Louise M. Burrell
Summary: The study found that plasma ACE2 activity is very low or undetectable in young healthy individuals and has minimal clinically relevant associations with coagulation function. However, patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease have increased plasma ACE2 activity, suggesting that it may be an important biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomas Rajtik, Peter Galis, Linda Bartosova, Ludovit Paulis, Eva Goncalvesova, Jan Klimas
Summary: This study explores the mechanisms of alternative RAS branches under different types of hypoxic stimuli, including acute, intermittent, and chronic hypoxia, the effects on tissues like the heart, vessels, and lungs, and the clinical relevance of the studied phenomenon. Additionally, it presents future strategies for utilizing alternative RAS as a diagnostic tool and a promising pharmacological target in severe hypoxia-associated cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)