期刊
VIRUSES-BASEL
卷 10, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v10090475
关键词
host shutoff; PA-X; NS1; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; immune evasion; influenza
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01 AI137358, T32 AI007422]
- American Cancer Society [131320-RSG-17-189-01-MPC]
Influenza A virus carries few of its own proteins, but uses them effectively to take control of the infected cells and avoid immune responses. Over the years, host shutoff, the widespread down-regulation of host gene expression, has emerged as a key process that contributes to cellular takeover in infected cells. Interestingly, multiple mechanisms of host shutoff have been described in influenza A virus, involving changes in translation, RNA synthesis and stability. Several viral proteins, notably the non-structural protein NS1, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the endoribonuclease PA-X have been implicated in host shutoff. This multitude of host shutoff mechanisms indicates that host shutoff is an important component of the influenza A virus replication cycle. Here we review the various mechanisms of host shutoff in influenza A virus and the evidence that they contribute to immune evasion and/or viral replication. We also discuss what the purpose of having multiple mechanisms may be.
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