Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Cau, Vincent Beyrand, Rinchen Barsbold, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar, Pascal Godefroit
Summary: The furcula, a key element of the pectoral skeleton in birds, has been confirmed to have originated from theropod dinosaurs. Its identification in the birdlike theropod Halszkaraptor escuilliei supports the primary homology of the furcula with the interclavicle. The evolution of the furcula in early theropods was associated with the loss of clavicles and changes in the function of forelimbs, leading to a shift towards grasping. Later evolution in maniraptoran theropods involved the re-acquisition of a stronger connection between the scapulocoracoids and the sternal complex.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yanying Li, Hehe Liu, Lei Wang, Yang Xi, Jiwen Wang, Rongping Zhang, Liang Li, Lili Bai, Ahsan Mustafa
Summary: The study revealed that the ossification states of the sternum in ducks affect pectoral muscle development. Through a molecular communication pathway, there exists a regulatory relationship between the sternum and pectoral muscles in ducks.
Article
Biology
Shiying Wang, Yubo Ma, Qian Wu, Min Wang, Dongyu Hu, Corwin Sullivan, Xing Xu
Summary: This study reconstructed the pectoral girdles of Early Cretaceous birds Sapeornis and Piscivorenantiornis using computed tomography and three-dimensional visualization. The results reveal important morphological details relevant to our understanding of early-flight evolution. The study highlights the variations in pectoral girdle anatomy among different bird species and the significant modifications along the evolutionary line to modern birds.
Article
Zoology
Facundo Deforel, Ana Sofia Duport-Bru, Sergio Daniel Rosset, Diego Baldo, Florencia Vera Candioti
Summary: The study examined the osteological variation and proposed synapomorphies of the genus Melanophryniscus. It found that most skeletal traits within the genus are fairly conserved, with main variations related to changes in body size and proportions of postcranial elements. The nasal region of the Melanophryniscus tumifrons group was highlighted as distinctive, while features considered diagnostic of the genus were found in other early branching bufonids as well, challenging earlier discussions on putative synapomorphies.
HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ayah Adel Nawwar, Monique Vekeria, Julie Searle, Rajiv Singh, Iain Douglas Lyburn
Summary: Patients are advised to avoid strenuous exercise before FDG imaging to prevent unfavorable muscular uptake. In this case, a professional painter and decorator experienced intense muscular uptake possibly due to the physical nature of his job.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Qian Wu, He Chen, Zhiheng Li, Shunxing Jiang, Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou
Summary: This study provides a detailed description and characterization of the pectoral girdle morphology and histology in the Early Cretaceous pterosaur Hamipterus from Northwest China. The study suggests that Hamipterus had a synostosis joint between the scapula and coracoid, a unique adaptation in pterosaur flight evolution different from birds. The morphology of the acrocoracoid process indicates its role as a pulley for the main power of flight upstroke, similar to birds.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Beatrice Aramini, Valentina Masciale, Lorenzo Federico Zini Radaelli, Rossella Sgarzani, Massimo Dominici, Franco Stella
Summary: Sternectomy is a surgical procedure used for removing tumor masses infiltrating the sternum or treating infections. Various approaches have been proposed for sternum reconstruction, including allograft transplantation and the use of novel materials. This review highlights the surgical approaches and new perspectives in the literature.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Hui Cong, Heng Liu, Yin Sun, Jinsong Gao, Juntao Liu, Liangkun Ma, Britt Stuge, Lixia Chen
Summary: This study translated and adapted the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) for Chinese patients, verifying the psychometric items' validation. The Chinese version of PGQ showed good construct validity and discriminative power for assessing the consequences of pelvic girdle pain among pregnant or postpartum Chinese women.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2021)
Article
Biology
Talia M. Lowi-Merri, Roger B. J. Benson, Santiago Claramunt, David C. Evans
Summary: The study reveals the correlation between the size and shape of avian sternum and locomotory capabilities, including flight, swimming, and running abilities. It highlights the importance of sternum form and function in modern birds, providing insights into the evolution of powered avian flight.
Article
Biology
Xiang Yu, Shui-Hua Wang, Juan Manuel Gorriz, Xian-Wei Jiang, David S. Guttery, Yu-Dong Zhang
Summary: Deep learning has become popular in breast cancer CAD systems, but existing methods suffer from reliance on manually crafted features and high computational costs. Therefore, the authors propose a novel deep learning segmentation framework that improves accuracy and efficiency through a new network architecture and attention module.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Fedor Shkil, Daria Kapitanova, Vasily Borisov, Nikolay Veretennikov, Natacha Roux, Vincent Laudet
Summary: The study discusses the pectoral fin development of the North African catfish, which shows a direct developmental trajectory without a clear larval stage and without dependence on thyroid hormone. The development of the catfish pectoral fin seems to follow a unique pattern different from typical teleosts.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Diego Ribuffo, Giorgio Berna, Roy De Vita, Giovanni Di Benedetto, Emanuele Cigna, Manfredi Greco, Luigi Valdatta, Maria Giuseppina Onesti, Federico Lo Torto, Marco Marcasciano, Ugo Redi, Vittorio Quercia, Juste Kaciulyte, Mario Cherubino, Luigi Losco, Francesco Luca Rocco Mori, Alessandro Scalise
Summary: Italian trend is moving towards pre-pectoral approach in breast reconstruction surgeries to reduce complication rates. A multicenter retrospective study showed favorable outcomes with pre-pectoral approach compared to dual-plane reconstruction, with lower incidence of complications such as seroma and hematoma.
AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Martin Krenn, Matthias Tomschik, Matias Wagner, Gudrun Zulehner, Rosa Weng, Jakob Rath, Sigrid Klotz, Ellen Gelpi, Gabriel Bsteh, Omar Keritam, Isabella Colonna, Chiara Paternostro, Fiona Jaeger, Elisabeth Lindeck-Pozza, Stephan Iglseder, Susanne Grinzinger, Martina Schoenfelder, Christina Hohenwarter, Manfred Freimueller, Norbert Embacher, Julia Wanschitz, Raffi Topakian, Ana Toepf, Volker Straub, Stefan Quasthoff, Fritz Zimprich, Wolfgang N. Loescher, Hakan Cetin
Summary: The study focused on hereditary myopathies with limb-girdle muscular weakness (LGW) and found that using next-generation sequencing (NGS) earlier in the diagnostic process is necessary to avoid long delays in diagnosis. Parameters predictive of a molecular diagnosis were identified, which can help select patients for genetic analyses, especially in centers with limited access to sequencing technology.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Glenda Giorgia Caputo, Sebastiano Mura, Filippo Contessi Negrini, Roberta Albanese, Pier Camillo Parodi
Summary: Innovations in implant-based breast reconstruction have allowed for placing breast implants in the pre-pectoral space instead of under the pectoralis major muscle, bringing positive outcomes for post-mastectomy patients. A retrospective study showed that after three months of surgery, 100% resolution of the indicated problems was achieved and confirmed at later follow-up time points. An algorithm for successful breast-implant pocket conversion was also developed.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yan Meng, Zhengxing Wu, Huijie Dong, Jian Wang, Junzhi Yu
Summary: This article presents the mechanical design and dynamic model of a manta-inspired robot system that enables efficient fast swimming and high spatial maneuverability. The design incorporates a unique pectoral fins with six degrees of freedom, a crank-rocker mechanism, and a horizontal degree of freedom. The dynamic model is established using the Morrison equation and infinitesimal method, with parameters determined through experimental data. Linear swimming and pitching experiments demonstrate the excellent movement performance of the design and the effectiveness of the dynamic model. The findings contribute to the design and control of next-generation agile underwater vehicles and robots capable of multimodal motions in dynamic aquatic environments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS
(2022)
