Article
Biology
Filippo Maria Rotatori, Mattia Quaranta, Filippo Bertozzo, Tom Huebner, Bruno Camilo, Octavio Mateus, Miguel Moreno-Azanza
Summary: Virtual palaeontology is a growing field that utilizes techniques such as CT and μCT-scanning to study the microanatomy of extinct species. In this study, the microanatomy of an isolated dentary from a dryosaurid dinosaur was described using μCT-scanning and 3D rendering. Functional and replacement teeth were identified, and a complex neurovascular network was mapped. The findings suggest a high level of vascularization common in cerapodan dinosaurs with high tooth replacement rates, though further research is needed to understand the macroevolutionary significance.
HISTORICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Carman, Thor F. Besier, Julie Choisne
Summary: There are two methods for generating paediatric musculoskeletal geometry: scaling generic adult geometry, which is widely accessible but inaccurate, and obtaining geometry from medical imaging, which is accurate but time-consuming and costly. A population-based shape model was developed to generate accurate and accessible musculoskeletal geometry in a paediatric population. The model accurately predicted bone geometry without the need for medical imaging.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wahiba Falek, Isabella Mascio, Susanna Gadaleta, Valentina Fanelli, Sakina Bechkri, Douadi Khelifi, Monica Marilena Miazzi, Cinzia Montemurro
Summary: Algerian wild olives are a valuable resource for olive breeding due to their morphological diversity and ability to thrive in different bioclimatic environments. The study found significant variation in fruit and stone weight, with a strong positive correlation between fruit weight and width. Cluster analysis separated the samples into two groups based mainly on fruit and stone size.
Article
Agronomy
Fazal Ullah, Yundong Gao, Idris Sari, Rui-Fang Jiao, Saddam Saqib, Xin-Fen Gao
Summary: Taxonomic delimitation and identification are crucial in biology, especially in the fields of taxonomy and conservation. This study focuses on investigating the morphological differences and conservation priorities of the Rosa sericea complex. The results reveal that the complex species can be distinguished morphologically, but their taxonomic status remains controversial. It emphasizes the importance of taxonomical knowledge in species conservation.
Article
Biology
Paul C. Sereno, Nathan Myhrvold, Donald M. Henderson, Frank E. Fish, Daniel Vidal, Stephanie L. Baumgart, Tyler M. Keillor, Kiersten K. Formoso, Lauren L. Conroy
Summary: Recent discoveries of Spinosaurus fossils challenge the previous assumption that this dinosaur predominantly ate fish. The presence of a high-spined tail suggests that Spinosaurus may have been the first fully aquatic dinosaur. Testing with skeletal and flesh models shows that on land, Spinosaurus was a bipedal animal, while in deep water, it was an unstable and slow swimmer, unable to dive due to its buoyancy. These findings provide insights into Spinosaurus' habitat range and ecological adaptations.
Article
Ecology
Annika Freudiger, Dario Josi, Timo Thuenken, Fabian Herder, Jana M. Flury, David A. Marques, Michael Taborsky, Joachim G. Frommen
Summary: Animals may respond to ecological heterogeneity through genetic differentiation or phenotypic plasticity, adaptation at various levels of organization, and the influence of ecological factors on morphological differentiation can be significant. However, geographical and genetic distance have limited explanatory power for morphological differences between populations.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Zoology
D. Cary Woodruff, Mark B. Goodwin, Tyler R. Lyson, David C. Evans
Summary: The ontogeny and taxonomy of dome-headed pachycephalosaurs are controversial, with debate centered around the validity of species within the genus Sphaerotholus. Morphometric, histological, and phylogenetic analysis have been used to address these issues. The data support the validity of both S. edmontonensis and S. buchholtzae, and their placement within the genus Sphaerotholus.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Seahee Han, Raveendar Sebastin, Kyung Jun Lee, XiaoHan Wang, Myoung-Jae Shin, Seong-Hoon Kim, Sookyeong Lee, Jung-Ro Lee, Gyu-Taek Cho, Do Yoon Hyun, Jong-Wook Chung
Summary: Analysis of seed macro- and micro-morphological characteristics, as well as testa texture traits revealed significant interspecific variation in the genus Vicia. A total of 20 key traits were identified that could be used to diagnose and classify Vicia species based on these variations.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2021)
Article
Paleontology
D. Fredrik K. Soderblom, Alejandro Blanco, Albert Prieto-Marquez, Nicolas E. Campione
Summary: This study investigates the morphological variation in hadrosauroid dinosaur lower jaws and suggests that saurolophids evolved increased food acquisition and processing efficiency through evolutionary and growth-related changes. These changes include elongation of the edentulous region, changes in the coronoid process, elongation of the dentary, and changes in the dental battery. These modifications likely occurred through different heterochronic processes.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hylke van der Wel, Bingjiang Qiu, Fred K. L. Spijkervet, Johan Jansma, Rutger H. Schepers, Joep Kraeima
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of 3D Statistical Shape Modelling for orthognathic surgery planning. The study demonstrated that statistical shape modelling can provide relevant information about mandible shape variations and differences between male and female patients, which can improve surgical planning for mandibular shape manipulations.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yushan Wu, Ping Chen, Wanzhuo Gong, Hina Gul, Junqi Zhu, Feng Yang, Xiaochun Wang, Taiwen Yong, Jiang Liu, Tian Pu, Yanhong Yan, Wenyu Yang
Summary: This study investigated the morphological and physiological traits of soybean seedlings grown under shade and full sunlight conditions. The results showed that shade significantly affected the biomass and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean, and the interaction between light and variety was significant. Leaf area and stem diameter were found to be important factors influencing soybean biomass. The plasticity of biomass also varied among soybean cultivars.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Paleontology
D. Fredrik K. Soederblom, Alejandro Blanco, Albert Prieto-Marquez, Nicolas E. Campione
Summary: This study reveals that hadrosauroid dinosaurs, specifically saurolophids, underwent morphological modifications in their lower jaw to enhance food acquisition and processing efficiency. These adaptations include elongation of the edentulous region and anterior inclination of the coronoid process. These changes were likely caused by evolutionary and growth-related processes.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Rongpei Shi, Dian Li, Stoichko Antonov, Xingjun Liu, Yufeng Zheng
Summary: This study systematically investigates the morphological variations of grain boundary precipitates in a beta titanium alloy, revealing three distinct regimes of alpha morphology at a beta GB separated by critical angles, which are determined by the inclination angle between the habit plane of the GB alpha and the hosting GB plane.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Austin S. Wilcox, Isabelle M. Vea, W. Anthony Frankino, Alexander W. Shingleton
Summary: The study explores the genetic variation of scaling in Drosophila by examining individual scaling relationships and their distribution in response to nutrition-induced size variation. The results show extensive variation in the slopes of wing-body and leg-body scaling relationships among genotypes, with variation in body size plasticity playing a major role. This study provides insights into how selection regimes influence scaling in Drosophila and can help identify the genetic targets of such selection.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shanmei Cheng, Weidong Zeng, Jing Wang, Lei Liu, Hua Liang, Yixuan Kou, Hengchang Wang, Dengmei Fan, Zhiyong Zhang
Summary: This study used geometric morphometrics to investigate leaf variation, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic reconstruction to search for genetic gaps, and population genetic methods to compare predicted ecological niches of two species within the Asteropyrum genus. The results revealed overlapping leaf forms, lack of genetic differentiation, and minimal ecological and geographical differences between the two taxa.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)