Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Priyal Dhawan, Sampara Vasishta, Aswath Balakrishnan, Manjunath B. Joshi
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of how hyperglycemia in T2D reprograms endothelial epigenome and leads to vascular complications. It also discusses potential epidrugs that may ameliorate endothelial functions during T2D.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ricardo Wesley Alberca, Yasmim Alefe Leuzzi Ramos, Natalli Zanete Pereira, Danielle Rosa Beserra, Anna Claudia Calvielli Castelo Branco, Raquel Leao Orfali, Valeria Aoki, Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte, Maria Notomi Sato
Summary: The study investigated the long-term impact of COVID-19 on diabetic patients and found no long-term changes in inflammatory biomarkers. However, an increase in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin was detected in non-diabetic patients.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Okjoo Lee, Chang-Sup Lim, So Jeong Yoon, Ji Hye Jung, Sang Hyun Shin, Jin Seok Heo, Yong Chan Shin, Woohyun Jung, In Woong Han
Summary: The adequate regulation of postoperative serum glucose level in non-diabetic patients undergoing major pancreatic surgery can help reduce postoperative complications.
Article
Developmental Biology
Qing Cissy Yu, Lanyue Bai, Yingying Chen, Yujie Chen, Guangdun Peng, Daisong Wang, Guowei Yang, Guizhong Cui, Naihe Jing, Yi Arial Zeng
Summary: Vascular establishment is a crucial event in early embryogenesis. This study identifies Procr as a marker for endothelial progenitors and reveals its role in embryonic vascular development. The findings show that Procr(+) cells are responsible for blood vessel formation throughout the embryo and play a crucial role in endothelial commitment and maturation. The study also suggests that Procr(+) progenitors can give rise to hemogenic endothelium.
Review
Cell Biology
Chongxiang Xue, Keyu Chen, Zezheng Gao, Tingting Bao, Lishuo Dong, Linhua Zhao, Xiaolin Tong, Xiuyang Li
Summary: Diabetic vascular complications (DVCs), including macro- and micro- angiopathy, are major causes of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), with endothelial dysfunction playing a key role in their pathogenesis. Hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism disorders contribute to endothelial dysfunction through various mechanisms, and targeting these common mechanisms may be effective in reducing the incidence of DVCs.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Prabhsimran Kaur, Sushil Kotru, Sandeep Singh, Anjana Munshi
Summary: Accelerating cases of diabetes worldwide have led to increased incidences of diabetic complications. miRNAs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and contribute to various complications. This review summarizes the involvement of miRNAs in diabetic neuropathy and the diabetic foot, and discusses the potential applications of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yanru Duan, Shihan Zhang, Yuanyuan Xing, Ye Wu, Wen Zhao, Pinxue Xie, Huina Zhang, Xinxiao Gao, Yanwen Qin, Yajing Wang, Xinliang Ma, Yunhui Du, Huirong Liu
Summary: This study revealed that adiponectin inhibits diabetic endothelial inflammatory response by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and promoting the expression of CD44 through APPL1. These findings provide a new avenue for the inhibition of diabetic endothelial inflammation.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Noeline Subramaniam, Ranju Nair, Philip A. Marsden
Summary: The functional properties of the vascular endothelium are diverse and heterogeneous, especially during angiogenesis when new blood vessels develop. Endothelial cells play a key role in angiogenesis and recent research suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in this process.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bernd Stratmann
Summary: Late vascular complications are a major factor in the increased morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. This overview focuses on the impact of methylglyoxal (MGO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on vascular function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sivakamasundari Pichu, Selvaraj Vimalraj, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the expression of miR-210 and its association with the hypoxic pathway in DFU patients. It found an inverse relationship between miR-210 and HIF-1 alpha expression, indicating that miR-210 may regulate the expression of the hypoxic gene in DFU patients. Additionally, increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was observed in DFU patients compared to healthy controls and T2DM subjects, while VEGF expression remained unchanged.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mengjie Xiao, Yufeng Tang, Shudong Wang, Jie Wang, Yuanfang Guo, Jingjing Zhang, Junlian Gu
Summary: FGF21 plays a significant role in diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, with epigenetic modifications playing a crucial role in the initiation and development of the disease. This review discusses recent advances in the role of FGF21 in diabetes-related cardiovascular complications and explores possible changes in epigenetics related to this role.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
C. L. Karthika, S. Ahalya, N. Radhakrishnan, C. C. Kartha, S. Sumi
Summary: This article explores the impact of hemodynamic forces on vascular endothelial cells and the significant role of mechanosensing-related epigenetics in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases. It reviews the epigenetic mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction in arterial and venous diseases, and discusses the challenges and prospects of using mechanoepigenetic mediators as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for vascular diseases.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hong Xiang, Ruipeng Song, Jie Ouyang, Ruifang Zhu, Zhihao Shu, Yulan Liu, Xuewen Wang, Dongtao Zhang, Jiangwei Zhao, Hongwei Lu
Summary: Diabetes, a chronic disease, is a serious public health issue with increasing incidence, and chronic vascular complications are the major causes of disability and death in diabetic patients. Dysfunction of endothelial mitochondrial plays an important role in diabetic complications, and studying the changes in mitochondrial morphology and function could help understand the mechanisms and potential treatments.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Laura Locatelli, Sara Castiglioni, Jeanette A. M. Maier
Summary: This review article discusses the effects of space environment on the human vasculature and the adaptive responses activated in such conditions. The study suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction might be mediators of vascular alterations in space. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these adaptive processes could provide insights for designing proper countermeasures for space exploration.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Gabriella Teti, Francesca Chiarini, Eleonora Mazzotti, Alessandra Ruggeri, Francesco Carano, Mirella Falconi
Summary: Cellular senescence plays a key role in the development of age-related diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the onset and development of AAA is still limited, with no pharmacological therapies currently available.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Matteo Stravalaci, Mariantonia Ferrara, Varun Pathak, Francesca Davi, Barbara Bottazzi, Alberto Mantovani, Reinhold J. Medina, Mario R. Romano, Antonio Inforzato
Summary: Age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the eye. Both diseases involve cellular components of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) and share common drivers, such as chronic inflammation. Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a soluble pattern recognition molecule, is emerging as a potential therapeutic target in retinal diseases, as it plays a role in trapping complement and modulating inflammation at the BRB.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin Harkin, Josy Augustine, Alan W. Stitt, Heping Xu, Mei Chen
Summary: This study found that Wedelolactone (WD) can protect against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) induced retinal neurodegeneration by suppressing the inflammasome-related pathway. The results showed that WD can attenuate the impairment of retinal function and structure caused by NMU and reduce the expression of inflammasome-related genes.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Judith Lechner, Reinhold J. Medina, Noemi Lois, Alan W. Stitt
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of vision loss in working age adults. The loss of integrity of the retinal neurovascular unit is central to the disease pathogenesis. Current treatment options are limited to late-stages of the disease, and new treatments are needed to target early stages and prevent vision loss.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Jessica A. Omand, Xuedi Li, Charles D. G. Keown-Stoneman, Cornelia M. Borkhoff, Eric Duku, Gerald Lebovic, Jonathon L. Maguire, Muhammad M. Mamdani, Patricia C. Parkin, Caroline Reid-Westoby, Janis Randall Simpson, Mark S. Tremblay, Magdalena Janus, Catherine S. Birken
Summary: This study investigates the association between body weight in early childhood and school readiness in young children. Being classified as overweight or with obesity was found to be associated with poor school readiness in year 2 of kindergarten. Early interventions to promote healthy growth before school entry may help promote development and school readiness in young children.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Courtney A. South, Charles D. G. Keown-Stoneman, Catherine S. Birken, Vasanti S. Malik, Stanley H. Zlotkin, Jonathon L. Maguire
Summary: This study examined the association between underweight in the first 2 years of life and growth in later childhood, and found that underweight in the first 2 years is associated with lower zBMI and HAZ in later childhood.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Muneo Yamaguchi, Shintaro Nakao, Iori Wada, Tetsuya Matoba, Mitsuru Arima, Yoshihiro Kaizu, Mariko Shirane, Keijiro Ishikawa, Takahito Nakama, Yusuke Murakami, Masaharu Mizuochi, Wataru Shiraishi, Ryo Yamasaki, Toshio Hisatomi, Tatsuro Ishibashi, Masabumi Shibuya, Alan W. Stitt, Koh-Hei Sonoda
Summary: In this study, it was found that there is a significant increase in intraretinal hyperreflective foci (HRF) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The proliferation of vitreous resident macrophages (VRMs) at the vitreoretinal interface (VRI) is driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to the formation of HRF lesions. Anti-VEGF therapy can reverse this phenomenon.
Article
Physiology
Pietro Maria Bertelli, Edoardo Pedrini, David Hughes, Shannon McDonnell, Varun Pathak, Elisa Peixoto, Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs, Alan W. Stitt, Reinhold J. Medina
Summary: Long-term exposure to 25 mM D-glucose accelerated the establishment of cellular senescence in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, leading to decreased clonogenic capacity, diminished tubulogenicity, and impaired barrier function.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Michael O'Hare, Gema Esquiva, Mary K. McGahon, Jose Manuel Romero Hombrebueno, Josy Augustine, Paul Canning, Kevin S. Edgar, Peter Barabas, Thomas Friedel, Patrizia Cincola, Jennifer Henry, Katie Mayne, Hannah Ferrin, Alan W. Stitt, Timothy J. Lyons, Derek P. Brazil, David J. Grieve, J. Graham McGeown, Tim M. Curtis
Summary: Loss of retinal blood flow autoregulation is an early feature of diabetes and is associated with the downregulation of the TRPV2 channels on retinal vascular smooth muscle cells. A TRPV2 heterozygous rat model demonstrates lesions similar to those observed in diabetic retinopathy, supporting the hypothesis that autoregulatory deficits are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Article
Cell Biology
Marzena Kurzawa-Akanbi, Phillip Whitfield, Florence Burte, Pietro Maria Bertelli, Varun Pathak, Mary Doherty, Birthe Hilgen, Lina Gliaudelyte, Mark Platt, Rachel Queen, Jonathan Coxhead, Andrew Porter, Maria Oberg, Daniela Fabrikova, Tracey Davey, Chia Shyan Beh, Maria Georgiou, Joseph Collin, Veronika Boczonadi, Anetta Hartlova, Michael Taggart, Jumana Al-Aama, Viktor Korolchuk, Christopher M. Morris, Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs, David H. Steel, Reinhold J. Medina, Lyle Armstrong, Majlinda Lako
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzes the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology. The findings reveal that AMD RPE EVs play a significant role in mediating oxidative stress, cytoskeletal dysfunction, angiogenesis, drusen accumulation, and amyloid fibril formation.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jie Feng, Varun Pathak, Niall M. Byrne, Tongchuan Wang, Cancan Yin, Reinhold J. Medina, Jonathan A. Coulter
Summary: This study investigates the radiosensitising potential of AuNPs in combination with a complex III electron transport chain inhibitor in head and neck cancer models. The results show that AuNPs accumulate in cells in a concentration-dependent manner and are not affected by oxygen levels. Combination treatment with atovaquone leads to a glycolytic switch and enhances the sensitisation effect of AuNPs under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The mechanism of radiosensitisation involves S-phase accumulation, increased apoptosis, and increased DNA double strand break damage.
CANCER NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Josy Augustine, Sofia Pavlou, Kevin Harkin, Alan W. Stitt, Heping Xu, Mei Chen
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) leads to visual impairment and blindness due to dysfunction and inflammation of Mu'' ller cells. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays a crucial immunomodulatory role in DR, and its absence promotes inflammation, neurodegeneration, and decreased neurotrophin secretion.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara G. Romeo, Ilaria Secco, Edoardo Schneider, Christina M. Reumiller, Celio X. C. Santos, Anna Zoccarato, Vishal Musale, Aman Pooni, Xiaoke Yin, Konstantinos Theofilatos, Silvia Cellone Trevelin, Lingfang Zeng, Giovanni E. Mann, Varun Pathak, Kevin Harkin, Alan W. Stitt, Reinhold J. Medina, Andriana Margariti, Manuel Mayr, Ajay M. Shah, Mauro Giacca, Anna Zampetaki
Summary: The microvasculature is critical for the delivery of oxygen and metabolites throughout tissues. In this study, human blood vessel organoids (BVOs) were used to show that CTGF is a critical paracrine regulator of microvascular integrity that can restore pericyte coverage and vessel structure.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Shun Hay Pun, Karla M. O'Neill, Kevin S. Edgar, Eleanor K. Gill, Arya Moez, Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin, Sudhir B. Malla, Michelle B. Hookham, Mohammed Alsaggaf, Vinuthna Vani Madishetti, Bianca Botezatu, William King, Coy Brunssen, Henning Morawietz, Philip D. Dunne, Derek P. Brazil, Reinhold J. Medina, Chris J. Watson, David J. Grieve
Summary: This study aimed to investigate and define the contribution of NOX4 NADPH oxidase to hypoxia-induced dysfunction and explore its potential as a therapeutic target. The results showed that activation of the PLAC8-NOX4 signaling axis improved the angiogenic functions of CB-ECFCs under hypoxic conditions.