Article
Environmental Sciences
Ann-Cathrin Haigis, Richard Ottermanns, Andreas Schiwy, Henner Hollert, Jessica Legradi
Summary: In this study, the light/dark transition (LDT) test with zebrafish eleutheroembryos was improved by monitoring multiple parameters and using radar charts for data presentation. The study showed that this approach increases the sensitivity of the test and enhances the understanding of the behavior response of zebrafish eleutheroembryos, making it more useful for behavioral toxicity studies.
Article
Developmental Biology
Alexis Buatois, Samuel Nguyen, Celine Bailleul, Robert Gerlai
Summary: Over the past decade, zebrafish has been increasingly used in biomedical neuroscience research due to its evolutionarily conserved features. This study investigated the color preference hierarchy of zebrafish in a light-based task, providing valuable insights for future learning experiments in this model organism.
Article
Entomology
Pablo J. Delclos, Tammy L. Bouldin, Jeffery K. Tomberlin
Summary: In the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, mating pairs prefer the odor of fresher carcasses, but generally exhibit aversion to carcass odors, which may affect the quantity and quality of offspring.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sheila Gonzalez-Ramos, Jing Wang, Jae Min Cho, Enbo Zhu, Seul-Ki Park, Julie G. In, Srinivasa T. Reddy, Eliseo F. Castillo, Matthew J. Campen, Tzung K. Hsiai
Summary: Zebrafish, with its genetic tractability and short life cycle, serves as a valuable model for studying the toxicity of ambient pollutants on cardiovascular and intestinal systems. High spatiotemporal resolution of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy allows for detailed imaging of cardiac structures and functions in zebrafish embryos.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik, Henrik Boije, Remy Manuel
Summary: This study investigates the impact of illumination conditions on behavioral phenotypes in zebrafish and emphasizes the need to evaluate behavior under both light and dark conditions. The results show that zebrafish larvae reared under a day/night cycle exhibit shorter distances, lower maximum velocity, and maximum acceleration during light conditions. Experiments using the same batch of larvae in different illumination conditions produce similar results to naive larvae. Additionally, the order in which light and dark conditions are presented during testing needs to be considered as habituation may occur.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rik Sijben, Sonja M. Hensel, Rea Rodriguez-Raecke, Jessica Freiherr
Summary: The study combined an olfactometer and a tactile stimulation device to investigate the influence of olfaction on tactile perception, as well as how tactile stimuli affect odor perception. The findings revealed that olfactory stimuli can increase or decrease tactile pleasantness depending on the odor, particularly showing unique effects in women.
Review
Cell Biology
Audrey Le Naour, Emilien Beziat, Jaimie Hoh Kam, Pierre Magistretti, Alim-Louis Benabid, John Mitrofanis
Summary: Astrocytes are highly abundant in the human brain and play important roles in various brain functions. However, their potential involvement in therapeutic approaches for brain disorders has been largely overlooked. This review examines the impact of external sources such as light, sound, and electricity on astrocyte function and suggests that their activation could have positive effects on brain function, making them crucial players in therapeutic strategies.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hsin-Pou Huang, Minchen Wei, Hung-Chung Li, Li-Chen Ou
Summary: This study investigates how ambient light levels affect the visual comfort of e-reading devices through a psychophysical experiment. The results show that observers prefer reading text with a white background, especially under higher illuminance levels, while black text on a light-gray background is considered the most comfortable combination at these levels.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raymond P. Najjar, Juan Manuel Chao De La Barca, Veluchamy A. Barathi, Candice Ee Hua Ho, Jing Zhan Lock, Arumugam R. Muralidharan, Royston K. Y. Tan, Chetna Dhand, Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, Pascal Reynier, Dan Milea
Summary: Myopia is caused by excessive axial growth of the eye, leading to the abnormal projection of distant images in front of the retina. Exposure to outdoor light plays a crucial role in preventing myopia in children, possibly due to the brightness and blue-shifted spectral composition of sunlight lacking in artificial indoor lighting. The study shows that blue-enriched white light can reduce aberrant ocular elongation and accelerate recovery from form-deprivation, with distinct metabolomic profiles in the eyes depending on the spectral content of ambient light.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunping Tong, Xinghao Wang, Zhaoyue Sun, Juan Gao
Summary: The study found that AP transformation mediated by Fe3+ saturated clay particles can remove a high percentage of AP within a limited time, and highlighted the significant effects of dissolved oxygen concentration and light conditions on AP removal. The results revealed that AP radicals can form dimers under dark condition, while oxidation products can be generated under light conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jia Jun Liu, Shuai Wen, Hui Hong Yan, Ru Cheng, Fu Zhu, Peng Fei Gao, Hong Yan Zou, Cheng Zhi Huang, Jian Wang
Summary: This study found that the light scattering intensity of gold nanorods is dependent on its polarization angle. By comparing the light scattering intensity at different polarization angles, the orientation of the nanorods can be determined. The results of this study have important applications in polarization-dependent colorimetric nanomaterials and single-particle measurements in living cells.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. M. Gonzalez, D. Avila Rojas, A. Pratts, S. Hernandez-Cadena, N. Fraija, R. Alfaro, Y. Perez Araujo, J. A. Montes
Summary: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have the potential to emit very high energy photons due to the large energy release and strong magnetic fields. The recent observation of 18 and 251 TeV photons from GRB 221009A challenges our understanding of teraelectronvolt emission mechanisms and the extragalactic background. Researchers have started exploring dark matter candidates to explain these observations. This paper discusses the conditions and limitations of the synchrotron self-Compton radiation scenario in the GRB afterglow to interpret the 18 TeV photon. Possible scenarios involving axion-like particles (ALPs) and dark photon mechanisms are explored. The ALPs and dark photon scenarios can explain the 18 TeV photon but not the 251 TeV photon.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shayna-Lee Chaput, Warren W. Burggren, Peter L. Hurd, Trevor J. Hamilton
Summary: We have limited knowledge about how fish shoal in darkness, or even if it occurs in some species. In this study, we investigated dark shoaling behavior in zebrafish and found that it relies on both visual and lateral line sensory input. Our findings suggest that normal shoaling in zebrafish requires the integration of visual and lateral line inputs, with neither alone sufficient for normal behavior.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ebba Hogstrom, Chris Philo
Summary: This paper explores the relations between light and dark/white and black in the context of Gartnavel Royal Hospital, highlighting the importance of rebalancing normal valuations. The study reveals the complex mixture of positive and negative memories and interpretations prompted by the "darkened spaces" of the old hospital and the liveliness associated with both sets of spaces.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Claire Empel, Chao Pei, Feifei He, Sripati Jana, Rene M. Koenigs
Summary: In this study, the reaction of diazoalkanes with alcohols was investigated through experimental and theoretical studies. A protonation-addition mechanism was proposed, and the method showed broad application in O-H functionalization reactions of alcohols with various functional groups.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Maya G. Jog, Maura E. Sackett, Stephen D. Kisty, John A. Hansen, Jessica F. Stephenson
Summary: This study investigates the behavior and behavioral tolerance of guppies infected with the socially transmitted ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli in different social contexts. The results show sex differences in behavior and behavioral tolerance, with females being highly competent at transmitting the parasite and males being able to conceal their disease when in the presence of females.
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Kathleen E. Whitlock, M. Fernanda Palominos
Summary: The olfactory sensory system within the forebrain exhibits unique characteristics compared to other sensory systems, playing a crucial role in behaviors such as mate choice, food selection, and escape from predators. This system is intimately associated with the limbic system, affecting emotions, learning, and memory through interactions with the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Teleost fishes are now known to process emotions, have exceptional memories, and readily learn, behaviors often associated with olfactory cues.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
M. Fernanda Palominos, Cristian Calfun, Gino Nardocci, Danissa Candia, Jorge Torres-Paz, Kathleen E. Whitlock
Summary: In the olfactory organs, a unique population of neutrophils associated with both the olfactory epithelia and the lymphatic vasculature suggests a dual olfactory-immune function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Jason C. Walsman, Mary J. Janecka, David R. Clark, Rachael D. Kramp, Faith Rovenolt, Regina Patrick, Ryan S. Mohammed, Mateusz Konczal, Clayton E. Cressler, Jessica F. Stephenson
Summary: This study provides empirical evidence that non-consumptive predation pressure in Trinidadian guppy shoals can increase parasite transmission and select for higher virulence. The results suggest that reduced social contact can reduce parasite virulence.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
T. Bond, D. L. McLean, J. Prince, M. D. Taylor, J. C. Partridge
Summary: This study compares the fish assemblages observed using ROV and BRUV and finds that these methods record different fish species. The differences in fish assemblages correlate with the caudal fin aspect ratio of each species.
MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zahra M. Bagheri, Callum G. Donohue, Julian C. Partridge, Jan M. Hemmi
Summary: Selective attention plays a fundamental role for animals in various contexts. A study on fiddler crabs has shown that they exhibit selective attention in escape decisions. The crabs' body orientation and the contrast of the stimuli play important roles in determining which threat they choose to escape from.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Callum G. Donohue, Zahra M. Bagheri, Julian C. Partridge, Jan M. Hemmi
Summary: Predation risk imposes strong selection pressures on visual systems, and many animals rely on simplified decision criteria to make escape decisions. However, fiddler crabs are unique in that they time their escape response based on the speed of an object's angular expansion, which is different from other arthropods.
Article
Ecology
Jennifer J. Freer, Rupert A. Collins, Geraint A. Tarling, Martin A. Collins, Julian C. Partridge, Martin J. Genner
Summary: This study investigates the roles of geography, habitat use, and lateral photophores in lanternfish speciation using phylogenetic, ecological, and morphological data. The results suggest that large-scale oceanographic features structure the diversity of lanternfish communities and that speciation within this family might not require geographical isolation, but instead relies on divergent habitat use and differences in photophore patterns.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zahra M. Bagheri, Anna-Lee Jessop, Julian C. Partridge, Karen J. Osborn, Jan M. Hemmi
Summary: Vision in the midwater of the open ocean is unique and requires animals to have extraordinary visual adaptations. Computational modelling can help us understand the specific visual capabilities of deep-sea animals. The study presents a model to predict the ability of apposition compound eyes to detect visual targets in the deep sea and provides insights into Phronima's unusual eyes.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Hans-Joachim Wagner, Martin J. J. Genner, Julian C. C. Partridge, Wen-Sung Chung, N. Justin Marshall, Bruce H. H. Robison, Ronald H. H. Douglas
Summary: Some families of deep-sea fish have upwardly directed tubular eyes to maximize sensitivity to dim sunlight and bioluminescence, while also detecting dark silhouettes above. However, these eyes have a narrow field of view and are not sensitive to lateral and ventral bioluminescent stimuli. Mesopelagic Opisthoproctidae have evolved mechanisms to extend their limited visual field using light-sensitive diverticula that are directed ventrolaterally. These complex eyes have structures that simultaneously focus light from above onto the main retina and produce focused images of ventrolateral illumination using reflection or possibly refraction. This study examines the ocular morphology of Opisthoproctidae and provides insights into their evolutionary diversity.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biology
Jessica F. F. Stephenson
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Liam R. Dougherty, Faith Rovenolt, Alexia Luyet, Jukka Jokela, Jessica F. Stephenson
Summary: Choosing a mate with no or few parasites can help animals avoid the fitness costs of disease transmission and infection-induced reductions. The correlation between the quality of sexually selected ornaments and parasite load is ambiguous, but it is more strongly negative for ornaments that can dynamically change in quality and among parasites that can transmit during sex. Other factors, such as methodological details and male parental care, do not explain the heterogeneity in the data. This study aims to stimulate research on the intersection of parasites, sexual selection, and epidemiology.
Article
Biology
Monika Perez, Zahra M. Bagheri, Courtney Brown, Yuri Ogawa, Julian C. Partridge, Jan M. Hemmi
Summary: Most animals rely on visual information for everyday tasks. Studying the contrast sensitivity function helps identify the balance between contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution in different species, as well as the evolutionary drivers of visually mediated behavior. By testing the visual responses of fiddler crabs, we found their contrast sensitivity and resolution, and also discovered that the behavioral state affects the visual response gain.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Studies
Gabrielle H. Cummins, Matthew L. Navarro, Kingsley Griffin, Julian Partridge, Tim J. Langlois
Summary: Given the importance of the ocean ecosystem to the environment, economy, and human wellbeing, it is necessary to account for its condition and value when making decisions for a healthy and sustainable society. Ocean accounting aims to include the ocean environment in national accounts by tracking natural assets and their links to our economies and social wellbeing. However, the review of publicly available ocean ecosystem accounts revealed challenges such as variation in data quality, limited transparency of methods, and exclusion of certain ecosystems. To improve the robustness and comparability of future case studies, it is recommended to adopt open science, FAIR data principles, and report the error around data.
Article
Biology
Rachael D. Kramp, Kevin D. Kohl, Jessica F. Stephenson
Summary: This study examined the relationship between the skin microbiome of Trinidadian guppies and fish activity level and shoaling tendency. The results showed that the richness of the skin-associated bacterial community was correlated with behavior in females, but not in males. This suggests a sex-specific physiological interaction between the skin microbiome and host behavior.