Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuofan Li, Ki-Hye Kim, Noopur Bhatnagar, Bo Ryoung Park, Subbiah Jeeva, Yu-Jin Jung, Jannatul Raha, Sang-Moo Kang, Xinyuan Chen
Summary: This study presents a physical radiofrequency adjuvant (RFA) that can conveniently and effectively enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of H5N1 vaccine. The RFA treatment on the skin induces thermal stress to enhance immune responses and does not cause significant adverse reactions. The RFA significantly increases antibody titers, reduces viral titers, body weight loss, and improves survival rates in murine models. It has no gender difference in its effects.
Article
Immunology
Constantina Boikos, Mahrukh Imran, Van Hung Nguyen, Thierry Ducruet, Gregg C. Sylvester, James A. Mansi
Summary: MF59(R)-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV3) and high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3) demonstrate enhanced immune response in older adults compared to standard, quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4). The study shows that aIIV3 is more effective than IIV4 in preventing influenza-related medical encounters in both the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 seasons, with HD-IIV3 showing comparable effectiveness.
Article
Immunology
Eve Versage, Esther van Twuijver, Wim Jansen, Ad Theeuwes, Daphne Sawlwin, Matthew Hohenboken
Summary: This study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an A/H5N1 vaccine using mammalian cell-based technology in different age groups. Results showed that the vaccine met CBER licensure criteria in all age groups, with the highest responses observed in children under 3 years old.
Article
Immunology
Mark Loeb, Margaret L. Russell, Caralyn Kelly-Stradiotto, Nola Fuller, Kevin Fonseca, David J. D. Earn, Khami Chokani, Lorne Babiuk, Binod Neupane, Pardeep Singh, Eleanor Pullenayegum
Summary: The study found that vaccinating children with MF59 adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine did not significantly reduce influenza infection rates in children and family members compared to inactivated quadrivalent vaccine, but it did result in significant protection against influenza A in children.
Article
Immunology
Ariel Isaacs, Zheyi Li, Stacey T. M. Cheung, Danushka K. Wijesundara, Christopher L. D. McMillan, Naphak Modhiran, Paul R. Young, Charani Ranasinghe, Daniel Watterson, Keith J. Chappell
Summary: This study tested several adjuvants for their effectiveness in inducing humoral responses to influenza and RSV subunit vaccines in mice. While all adjuvants were able to induce potent neutralizing antibodies, none significantly increased the frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) cells compared to unadjuvanted antigen. The varying responses to antigens with each adjuvant suggest that optimal adjuvant selection may depend on the specific antigen and desired immune response.
Article
Immunology
Airi Poder, Janine Oberije, Jay Meyer, Peter Heymer, Deborah Molrine, Eve Versage, Leah Isakov, Qiuhong Zhang, Matthew Hohenboken
Summary: Adults aged 50-64 years have a high incidence of symptomatic influenza. This study compared the immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine with a nonadjuvanted standard dose vaccine in this population. The adjuvanted vaccine showed better immune response, especially in individuals with medical comorbidities.
Article
Immunology
Michele A. Kohli, Michael Maschio, Shannon Cartier, Joaquin Mould-Quevedo, Frank-Ulrich Fricke
Summary: This research compares the cost-effectiveness of different influenza vaccines for individuals aged 65 years and above in Germany. The results indicate that the enhanced quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIV) has similar clinical effectiveness to the high dose antigen vaccine (QIV-HD), but is cost-saving compared to QIV-HD at current unit prices.
Article
Immunology
Yinyan Yin, Jinyuan Wang, Xing Xu, Bangyue Zhou, Sujuan Chen, Tao Qin, Daxin Peng
Summary: Intranasal immunization with riboflavin as a mucosal adjuvant enhances mucosal immunity and systemic immune response for H1N1 WIV, while also improving the protection level against lethal influenza challenge. Riboflavin has the potential to induce dendritic cell maturation and cytokine secretion, and activates the MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting it as a promising mucosal adjuvant for influenza nasal vaccine.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sukmo Kang, Yujin Kim, Yumi Shin, Ji-Joon Song, Sangyong Jon
Summary: The BP26-M2e nanobarrel induced a strong M2e-specific humoral immune response and effectively protected mice from influenza virus infection-associated death, even without the use of a conventional adjuvant, highlighting its potential as a versatile vaccine platform against various viral infections.
Article
Immunology
Xinliang Kang, Yibo Li, Yiwen Zhao, Xinyuan Chen
Summary: The study demonstrates that CpG 1018 adjuvant significantly enhances influenza vaccine efficacy in aged mice and helps induce antibody responses against influenza virus. This provides important insights for boosting immune responses and improving influenza vaccine effectiveness in the elderly population.
Article
Immunology
Tetsuya Saito, Yukiya Sako, Fumi Sato-Kaneko, Tadashi Hosoya, Shiyin Yao, Fitzgerald S. Lao, Jonathan Shpigelman, Karen Messer, Minya Pu, Nikunj M. Shukla, Michael Chan, Paul J. Chu, Howard B. Cottam, Tomoko Hayashi, Dennis A. Carson, Maripat Corr
Summary: A potential adjuvant molecule (2D216) was found to enhance TLR4 agonist-mediated immune responses in vitro. In murine vaccination studies, the combination of 2D216 with MPLA acted as a potent co-adjuvant, increasing antigen-specific IgG levels and protecting against lethal influenza virus challenge. The co-adjuvant MPLA/2D216 produced Th1 dominant immune responses and showed excellent safety with minimal local reactogenicity and no systemic inflammatory response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Giuseppe Palladino, Annette Ferrari, Nedzad Music, Ethan C. Settembre, Yingxia Wen
Summary: Vaccination is the most effective method to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by influenza infection, with vaccines highly sensitive to antigenic changes. Adjuvants can increase cross-reactive immunity, and studies have shown that adjuvanted vaccines are more effective in younger subjects during seasons with antigenic differences between circulating and vaccine viruses.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Matthew D. Gallovic, Robert D. Junkins, Adam M. Sandor, Erik S. Pena, Christopher J. Sample, Ariel K. Mason, Leslee C. Arwood, Rebecca A. Sahm, Eric M. Bachelder, Kristy M. Ainslie, Gregory D. Sempowski, Jenny P. -Y. Ting
Summary: The current pandemic emphasizes the importance of effective vaccines against respiratory viruses. This study presents a vaccine strategy using a scalable microparticle platform containing a STING agonist as an adjuvant, which provides durable protection against the influenza virus. Animal studies demonstrate that this vaccine-adjuvant combination can reduce viral shedding, improve vaccine outcomes, and provide sustained protection even a year after a single dose.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Glenda E. Gray, Linda-Gail Bekker, Fatima Laher, Mookho Malahleha, Mary Allen, Zoe Moodie, Nicole Grunenberg, Yunda Huang, Doug Grove, Brittany Prigmore, Jia J. Kee, David Benkeser, John Hural, Craig Innes, Erica Lazarus, Graeme Meintjes, Nivashnee Naicker, Dishiki Kalonji, Maphoshane Nchabeleng, Modulakgotla Sebe, Nishanta Singh, Philip Kotze, Sheetal Kassim, Thozama Dubula, Vimla Naicker, William Brumskine, Cleon N. Ncayiya, Amy M. Ward, Nigel Garrett, Girisha Kistnasami, Zakir Gaffoor, Pearl Selepe, Philisiwe B. Makhoba, Matsontso P. Mathebula, Pamela Mda, Tania Adonis, Katlego S. Mapetla, Bontle Modibedi, Tricia Philip, Gladys Kobane, Carter Bentley, Shelly Ramirez, Simbarashe Takuva, Megan Jones, Mpho Sikhosana, Millicent Atujuna, Michele Andrasik, Nima S. Hejazi, Adrian Puren, Lubbe Wiesner, Sanjay Phogat, Carlos Diaz Granados, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Olivier van der Meeren, Susan W. Barnett, Niranjan Kanesa-Thasan, James G. Kublin, M. Juliana McElrath, Peter B. Gilbert, Holly Janes, Lawrence Corey
Summary: The ALVAC-gp120 vaccine regimen did not prevent HIV-1 infection among participants in South Africa, despite previous evidence of immunogenicity. This phase 2b-3 trial showed that further vaccinations were halted due to lack of efficacy in preventing HIV-1 infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danping Zhao, Xiuhong Chen, Linyuan Wang, Jianjun Zhang, Zhongpeng Zhao, Na Yue, Yingli Zhu, Wenting Fei, Xinyu Li, Lingyun Tan, Wei He
Summary: Respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19 and influenza, have become a global health concern. Vaccination is crucial for prevention, and this study evaluated the effectiveness of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) as an immune adjuvant for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that APS facilitated a strong immune response in mice, with increased levels of antibodies and protection against influenza A viruses. APS also demonstrated bidirectional immunomodulation and persistent immunity, making it a promising adjuvant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)