Article
Optics
Satoshi Matsuyama, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Takato Inoue, Yuka Nishioka, Jumpei Yamada, Yasuhisa Sano, Yoshiki Kohmura, Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Kazuto Yamauchi
Summary: The extended X-ray adaptive zoom condenser system can adjust its numerical aperture by controlling mirror surfaces, allowing for variation in beam size without moving the light source, mirrors, or final focus. A feasibility test conducted at SPring-8 demonstrated that the beam size can be varied between 134 and 1010 nm, showing promising results.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Miho Kitamura, Seigo Souma, Asuka Honma, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Hirokazu Tanaka, Akio Toyoshima, Kenta Amemiya, Tappei Kawakami, Katsuaki Sugawara, Kosuke Nakayama, Kohei Yoshimatsu, Hiroshi Kumigashira, Takafumi Sato, Koji Horiba
Summary: Micro-angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is a powerful tool for elucidating key electronic states of exotic quantum materials, and the system developed in this study, based on Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror optics, enables accurate spatially resolved band-structure mapping.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Thomas E. J. Moxham, Vishal Dhamgaye, David Laundy, Oliver J. L. Fox, Hossein Khosroabadi, Kawal Sawhney, Alexander M. Korsunsky
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate two-dimensional wavefront correction of an aberrated Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair using adaptable refractive structures. After correction, both mirrors achieve diffraction limited optical performance.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Z. Yi, J. Q. Dong, L. Jiang, Q. S. Huang, E. F. Guo, Z. S. Wang
Summary: A high-resolution imaging method for laser-produced plasma diagnostics is developed, allowing simultaneous x-ray backlighting and self-emission imaging. By using two Kirkpatrick-Baez imaging channels and multilayer mirrors, as well as a camera placed on the image plane, both backlit and self-emission images of the plasma can be obtained simultaneously in a single shot, with high spatial and temporal resolution.
MATTER AND RADIATION AT EXTREMES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Megan E. Holtz, Elliot Padgett, Aaron C. Johnston-Peck, Igor Levin, David A. Muller, Andrew A. Herzing
Summary: Measuring local polar ordering is crucial for understanding ferroelectricity in thin films. The cepstral approach allows us to determine the local polar displacements that drive ferroelectricity from nanobeam electron diffraction patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that this technique achieves a precision of 1.1 pm in mapping polar displacements with nanometer resolution.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Antoine Godet, Tom Raimondo, Carl Guilmette
Summary: This research reports on the discovery of atoll-shaped garnets in the New Quebec Orogen in Canada, and investigates their formation using petrography, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS maps. The study suggests that the growth of these garnets is best explained by kinetic control and rapid growth involving Rayleigh fractionation of trace elements. The research highlights the importance of assessing the formation mechanisms on a case-by-case basis and using complementary tools such as trace element mapping.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. B. Chalk, C. D. Standish, C. D'Angelo, K. D. Castillo, J. A. Milton, G. L. Foster
Summary: Boron isotopic and elemental analysis of coral aragonite can provide important insights into calcification strategies. Laser ablation mass spectrometry allows for a refined view, showing that coral skeleton does not precipitate from a spatially homogeneous fluid, leading to varying sensitivity to environmental stress in different parts of the skeleton.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Simone Braeuer, Tom Van Helden, Thibaut Van Acker, Olivier Leroux, Dominique Van Der Straeten, Annemieke Verbeken, Jan Borovicka, Frank Vanhaecke
Summary: This work developed a novel method for quantitative mapping of Hg and Se in mushroom fruit body tissues using laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The protocol for preparation of quantification standards was optimized, and a reference material was successfully prepared for method validation. The method was applied to investigate the distribution of Hg and Se in different mushroom species.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laura Sereni, Bertrand Guenet, Isabelle Lamy
Summary: Soil contamination by trace elements like copper can affect soil functioning. Current environmental policies and soil surveys still rely on total copper content in soils, but studies have shown that copper content in soil solution or free copper content are better indicators of the risks of copper mobility and (bio-)availability for soil organisms. This study collected empirical equations from literature to estimate the amount of copper in soil solution and free copper in solution based on total soil copper content and soil parameters. These equations were used to create European maps of available copper and bio-available copper based on total soil copper content. The results allowed for a comparison of the maps at a European scale and identified specific areas of risks associated with these two proxies. Higher discrepancies were observed between the map of bio-available copper and the map of total copper compared to the available copper map. These findings can be used to assess environmental-related issues for land use planning.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruyan Sun, Dabiao Liu, Zhi Yan
Summary: This work presents a finite element approach for analyzing flexoelectric beam energy harvesters with nonuniform cross-sections. A two-node finite element model with 10 degrees of freedom is proposed, using Hermite polynomials to satisfy the higher order continuity requirement. The proposed method is validated using analytical solutions for a flexoelectric actuator. Results show that energy harvesters with nonuniform cross-sections outperform rectangular ones.
MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Courtney A. Creamer, Mary-Cathrine Leewis, Francesca C. Governali, John L. Freeman, Floyd Gray, Emily G. Wright, Andrea L. Foster
Summary: Adding compost and diazotrophic endophytes can improve plant growth, organic matter accumulation, and phytostabilization of trace element contaminants in mine wastes. The widespread grass Bouteloua curtipendula is a potential candidate for re-vegetation or phytostabilization of mine wastes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
(2023)
Article
Optics
Xueji Liu, Dongming Yuan, Laiyun Song, Guoqin Yuan, Hongwen Zhang, Yalin Ding, Chang Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a novel optical image motion compensation design using the secondary tilt-aplanatic two-mirror optical system (STATOS), based on the Nodal Aberration Theory (NAT). The design achieves insensitivity to image quality degradation caused by tilt motion of optical elements. The construction parameters and maximum tilt angle of the secondary mirror are calculated, and a prototype is tested to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of STATOS in an aerial mapping camera.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kaushik Sanyal, Buddhadev Kanrar, Sangita Dhara
Summary: An improvement in the detection limit was achieved using a lab-based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, with a simple and straightforward methodology that does not require complicated alignment procedures. This method can be used for the analysis of ultra-trace elemental concentrations in water samples.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Geology
Huichuan Liu, Sune G. Nielsen, Guangyou Zhu
Summary: This study identified a Prototethyan continental arc in the southeast Tibetan Plateau, which showed no detectable continental material contributions in the magmas. The findings suggest that the arc magmas were generated by melting of a melange at the slab-mantle interface.
Article
Geology
Huichuan Liu, Sune G. Nielsen, Guangyou Zhu
Summary: In this study, a Prototethyan continental arc was discovered in the Dazhonghe area of the southeast Tibetan Plateau, which shows no detectable contributions from continental material. The low delta Si-30 values in the Dazhonghe arc rocks can be explained by subduction of sponge-rich marine sediments. Mixing calculations suggest that the Dazhonghe arc magmas were generated by melting of a melange formed at the slab-mantle interface.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Masaki Oura, Hidekazu Takano, Satoru Hamamoto, Takaki Hatsui, Haruhisa Kurauchi, Hidetoshi Okano, Masashi Kawaharada, Kazushi Yokoyama, Makina Yabashi, Masato Akimoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa
Summary: Synchrotron radiation-based soft X-ray microspectroscopy is a useful method for studying the structural composition of ceramic-tile/adhesive/mortar composites. This technique allows for the observation of elemental distribution and chemical states near the interfaces of the composite materials.
JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Amina A. Abozeed, Denis I. Gorbunov, Toshiharu Kadono, Yuina Kanai-Nakata, Kohei Yamagami, Hidenori Fujiwara, Akira Sekiyama, Atsushi Higashiya, Atsushi Yamasaki, Kenji Tamasaku, Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Hirofumi Wada, Alexander Andreev, Shin Imada
Summary: The first-order ferrimagnet ErCo2 is of interest due to its metamagnetism and magnetocaloric effect. The electronic structure of single crystals was studied using HAXPES, and the change in valence band electronic structure across the ferrimagnetic transition was observed.
PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ken-ichi Yamanaka, Kosuke Sato, Shunsuke Sato, Shunsuke Nozawa, Sunghee Lee, Ryo Fukaya, Hironobu Fukuzawa, Daehyun You, Shu Saito, Tsukasa Takanashi, Tetsuo Katayama, Tadashi Togashi, Takamasa Nonaka, Kazuhiko Dohmae, Shin-ichi Adachi, Kiyoshi Ueda, Makina Yabashi, Takeshi Morikawa, Ryoji Asahi
Summary: The visible-light excitation process in a known CO2-reduction photocatalyst was investigated using TR-XANES spectroscopy. Ultrafast intersystem crossing and the excited state lifetime of the metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer state were observed.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tetsuo Katayama, Tae-Kyu Choi, Dmitry Khakhulin, Asmus Dohn, Christopher Milne, Gyoergy Vanko, Zoltan Nemeth, Frederico Lima, Jakub Szlachetko, Tokushi Sato, Shunsuke Nozawa, Shin-ichi Adachi, Makina Yabashi, Thomas Penfold, Wojciech Gawelda, Gianluca Levi
Summary: By simultaneously measuring femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering, the intramolecular and solvation structural dynamics following photoexcitation of a solvated copper photosensitizer were tracked. The results reveal that photoinduced solute and solvent motions can be intimately intertwined, explaining the influence of the solvent on the initial steps of light harvesting. This work is a step forward in understanding the microscopic mechanisms of the bidirectional influence between transient solvent reorganization and photoinduced solute structural dynamics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Takahiro Iwai, Sadao Honda, Shimpei Watanabe, Ritsuko Matsushita, Toshio Nakanishi, Masahisa Takatsu, Taro Moriwaki, Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Yasuo Seto
Summary: Quantitative evaluation of drug mixing condition for forensic discrimination of drug powders was conducted using micro Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Different mixing modes were tested by mixing, homogenizing, dissolving, and drying processes. The spatial localization and distribution of the drugs were analyzed and evaluated using synchrotron radiation (SR) or globar light with different instruments. The differentiation among the mixing modes was assessed using mixing parameters including the relative content ratio (RCR) and extreme value frequency (%EV) as mixing indices. The discrimination capacity of the SR instrument was found to be superior to that of the globar light instrument.
Article
Physics, Applied
Yuya Kubota, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Tadashi Togashi, Tomio Ebisu, Kenji Tamasaku, Hitoshi Osawa, Tetsuya Wada, Osamu Sugino, Iwao Matsuda, Makina Yabashi
Summary: The ultrafast atomic motion of a photo-induced coherent phonon of bismuth at low temperatures was directly observed using time-resolved x-ray diffraction. A cryostat transparent to both optical lasers and x-rays enabled versatile diffraction measurements in a wide temperature range, including temperatures below 10 K. It was found that the atomic displacement in the fully symmetric A(1g) phonon mode is suppressed at low temperatures, suggesting a suppression of the displacive excitation process in phonon generation with decreasing temperature.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kiyofumi Takaba, Saori Maki-Yonekura, Ichiro Inoue, Kensuke Tono, Tasuku Hamaguchi, Keisuke Kawakami, Hisashi Naitow, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Makina Yabashi, Koji Yonekura
Summary: The structure analysis of small crystals is vital in various fields, including synthetic organic chemistry, pharmaceutical and material sciences, where large crystals cannot be obtained. In this study, the structure of an organic molecule, rhodamine6G, was characterized in detail using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) with a resolution of 0.82 A. A direct comparison between the XFEL and electron crystallography methods revealed that both techniques can accurately determine the position of some hydrogen atoms based on the type of chemical bond involved. The variations in distances measured by XFEL and electron diffraction were attributed to the expected differences in X-ray and electron scatterings.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kunio Nakata, Tatsuki Kashiwagi, Naoki Kunishima, Hisashi Naitow, Yoshinori Matsuura, Hiroshi Miyano, Toshimi Mizukoshi, Kensuke Tono, Makina Yabashi, Eriko Nango, So Iwata
Summary: Phosphoketolase and transketolase are important enzymes in the primary metabolism of bifidobacteria. They catalyze the cleavage of xylulose 5-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate in the first reaction step and have different substrate specificity in the second reaction step. The structures of these enzymes have been determined using crystallography and X-ray free-electron laser.
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yoshiaki Kumagai, Weiqing Xu, Kazuki Asa, Toshiyuki Hiraki Nishiyama, Koji Motomura, Shin-ichi Wada, Denys Iablonskyi, Subhendu Mondal, Tetsuya Tachibana, Yuta Ito, Tsukasa Sakai, Kenji Matsunami, Takayuki Umemoto, Christophe Nicolas, Catalin Miron, Tadashi Togashi, Kanade Ogawa, Shigeki Owada, Kensuke Tono, Makina Yabashi, Hironobu Fukuzawa, Kiyonobu Nagaya, Kiyoshi Ueda
Summary: We studied the behavior of nanoplasma generated by the interaction of a hard X-ray pulse with xenon clusters using electron and ion spectroscopy. Through the dependence on XFEL intensity and cluster size, we gained a deep understanding of the formation and disintegration processes of XFEL-ignited nanoplasma. We also tracked the time evolution of plasma electrons within the nanoplasma using a near-infrared probe pulse and observed an unexpected time delay dependence of ion yield enhancement due to NIR pulse heating, indicating an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of plasma electrons.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yuto Tanaka, Jumpei Yamada, Takato Inoue, Takashi Kimura, Mari Shimura, Yoshiki Kohmura, Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Kazuto Yamauchi, Satoshi Matsuyama
Summary: We present a propagation-based phase-contrast imaging method using advanced Kirkpatrick-Baez (AKB) mirrors, which allows high-contrast observations of weak phase objects and correction of field curvature aberrations. By performing experiments at SPring-8, we successfully observed the phase contrast of weak phase objects, such as polystyrene spheres and chemically fixed cells, with high sensitivity (-0.03 rad). Furthermore, we expanded the field of view of the AKB mirrors to the full area of the obtained images (25 x 30 μm) by correcting the field curvature aberration using reconstructed complex wavefields.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenji Tamasaku, Munetaka Taguchi, Ichiro Inoue, Taito Osaka, Yuichi Inubushi, Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa
Summary: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is employed to analyze a two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of copper metal, revealing two-hole satellite features resulting from atomic transitions. The use of nonlinear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) allows for better understanding of the complex electronic structure and the resolution of overlapping spectral features. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that RIXS can open doors for further exploration in the nonlinear regime of fluorescence spectroscopy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenji Tamasaku, Munetaka Taguchi, Ichiro Inoue, Taito Osaka, Yuichi Inubushi, Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomokazu Sano, Tomoki Matsuda, Akio Hirose, Mitsuru Ohata, Tomoyuki Terai, Tomoyuki Kakeshita, Yuichi Inubushi, Takahiro Sato, Kohei Miyanishi, Makina Yabashi, Tadashi Togashi, Kensuke Tono, Osami Sakata, Yoshinori Tange, Kazuto Arakawa, Yusuke Ito, Takuo Okuchi, Tomoko Sato, Toshimori Sekine, Tsutomu Mashimo, Nobuhiko Nakanii, Yusuke Seto, Masaya Shigeta, Takahisa Shobu, Yuji Sano, Tomonao Hosokai, Takeshi Matsuoka, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Kazuo A. Tanaka, Norimasa Ozaki, Ryosuke Kodama
Summary: This study reports the ultrafast lattice behaviour in iron shocked by a femtosecond laser pulse, revealing unique characteristics compared to conventional shock waves. The researchers found that the initial compression state caused by the femtosecond laser-driven shock wave is the same as that caused by conventional shock waves. They also experimentally observed the temporal deviation of peaks of stress and strain waves, as well as the existence of a plastic wave peak between them, which has not been predicted theoretically.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaemyung Kim, Yujiro Hayashi, Makina Yabashi
Summary: The microstructure of a material is crucial for determining its properties and potential malfunctions. This study presents a novel method, called inclined scanning 3D X-ray diffraction (iS3DXRD) microscopy, that enhances the spatial resolution of 3D grain orientation maps in polycrystalline materials. The method combines an inclined geometry with sub-voxel analysis and has been successfully validated for alpha-Fe wire, producing a high-resolution 3D grain orientation map.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jaemyung Kim, Yujiro Hayashi, Makina Yabashi
Summary: The spatial resolution of scanning-based two-dimensional microscopy is limited by the size of the probe, but this assumption may change in three-dimensional microscopy where probe trajectories overlap. This study investigates the spatial resolution achieved in scanning three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy and finds that dividing pixels into smaller sections for sub-pixel analysis leads to a significant improvement in spatial resolution.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2023)
