Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rola A. Bekdash
Summary: Methyl donors, such as choline, betaine, folic acid, methionine, and vitamins B6 and B12, play critical roles in the one-carbon metabolism and have neuroprotective functions. Imbalances in the levels of these micronutrients during critical periods of brain development have been linked to epigenetic alterations and stress-related disorders. Monitoring appropriate levels of methyl donors at all stages of development is important for a healthier brain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Petra Laboha, Eliska Sychrova, Ondrej Brozman, Iva Sovadinova, Lucie Blahova, Roman Prokes, Jakub Ondracek, Pavel Babica
Summary: This study quantified the components of cyanobacterial water blooms in aerosols above water surfaces. The presence of cyanotoxins, lipopolysaccharides, and cyanobacterial DNA was detected in both water and aerosol samples. These components induced respiratory irritation and inflammatory injuries, posing an inhalation health risk.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Zahra Kargarpour, Jila Nasirzade, Layla Panahipour, Richard J. Miron, Reinhard Gruber
Summary: The study indicates that liquid platelet-rich fibrin has potential anti-inflammatory effects and an inhibitory role in osteoclastogenesis, with lysates from platelet-poor plasma and buffy coat showing significant reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers in macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Hahnefeld, Lisa Kornstadt, Daniel Kratz, Nerea Ferreiros, Gerd Geisslinger, Sandra Pierre, Klaus Scholich
Summary: Toll-like receptors play a crucial role in recognizing pathogens and initiating immune responses. TLR2 and TLR4 differentially recognize pathogens and initiate immune cascades. In a mouse model, zymosan induced stronger immune cell recruitment and edema formation, while LPS caused changes in the lipid profile of the contralateral paw.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao Han, Fang Fang, Weiwei Cui, Ya Liu, Yuxin Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of alcohol consumption on cervical cancer by examining the methylation status of cervical cancer cells. The results suggest that ethanol can affect the expression of DNMT by inducing methyl donor consumption, leading to genome-wide hypomethylation in cervical cancer cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jian Zou, T. Jordan Walter, Alexandra Barnett, Aaron Rohlman, Fulton T. Crews, Leon G. Coleman
Summary: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is involved in learning and memory as well as regulation of mood. Binge ethanol reduces AHN, though the mechanism is unknown. Microglia promote neurogenesis through the secretion of pro-neurogenic extracellular vesicles (pn-EVs), but ethanol inhibits neurogenesis and causes secretion of proinflammatory EVs (EtOH-EVs), resulting in the loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yang Liu, Xin Zhang, Shuo Chen, Jiazhong Wang, Shuo Yu, Yiming Li, Meng Xu, Harouna Aboubacar, Junhui Li, Tao Shan, Jixin Wang, Gang Cao
Summary: Chronic alcohol use stimulates the formation of NETs through LPS activation of TLR4, leading to increased alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC.
CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
T. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamamoto, K. Egashira, A. Sato, Y. Kondo, S. Saiki, M. Kimura, T. Chikazawa, A. Ishigami, S. Murakami
Summary: Periodontal disease is caused by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm and the host inflammatory response. Oxidative stress, one of the major risk factors for periodontal disease, may contribute to disease progression through the inhibition of endotoxin tolerance.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Delphine C. Malherbe, Ilhem Messaoudi
Summary: Drinking alcohol, even in moderation, can have disproportionate effects on the immune system, particularly on myeloid cells. These effects depend on the pattern of alcohol exposure, with acute drinking dampening inflammatory mediators and chronic drinking enhancing their production. Alcohol's impact on myeloid cells is thought to be mediated by oxidative stress and changes in cellular epigenetic landscapes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jincheng Liu, Weichao Zhao, Fengmei Song, Chaobo Huang, Zhaohui Zhang, Yi Cao
Summary: This study demonstrates that GO exposure leads to developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae through the suppression of TLR signaling pathways, likely due to immune inhibition and dysfunction of lipid droplet biogenesis.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ramcharan Singh Angom, Jian Zhu, Alexander T. H. Wu, Maryam Rachmawati Sumitra, Victoria Pham, Shamit Dutta, Enfeng Wang, Vijay Sagar Madamsetty, Gabriel D. Perez-Cordero, Hsu-Shan Huang, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Ying Wang
Summary: The study identified a new synthetic compound, LCC-09, that inhibits the inflammatory response of endothelial cells and demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects in a zebrafish model with minimal toxicity.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sloan A. Lewis, Suhas Sureshchandra, Brianna Doratt, Vanessa A. Jimenez, Cara Stull, Kathleen A. Grant, Ilhem Messaoudi
Summary: Chronic heavy drinking can alter classical monocyte subset composition, leading to a hyper-inflammatory response to LPS but a compromised response to pathogens. This dysregulated inflammatory response may increase susceptibility to infections and impair wound healing.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora Patsenker, Veera Raghavan Thangapandi, Oskar Knittelfelder, Alessandra Palladini, Michaela Hefti, Jane Beil-Wagner, Gerhard Rogler, Thorsten Buch, Andrej Shevchenko, Jochen Hampe, Felix Stickel
Summary: Alcohol consumption and high caloric diet are main causes of progressive fatty liver disease. The genetic variant rs738409 in PNPLA3 gene is associated with liver diseases, but the mechanism is not fully understood. This study demonstrates in mice that the PNPLA3 I148M variant leads to the development of fatty liver, but does not affect liver inflammation and fibrosis under unhealthy diet conditions, and it also changes lipid structure and protects against the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Larissa M. G. Cassiano, Vanessa Cavalcante-Silva, Marina S. Oliveira, Barbara V. O. Prado, Cristianne G. Cardoso, Anna C. M. Salim, Gloria R. Franco, Vania D'Almeida, Saionara C. Francisco, Roney S. Coimbra
Summary: COVID-19 induces chromatin remodeling in host immune cells, and vitamin B12 downregulates inflammatory genes through methyl-dependent epigenetic mechanisms. This study evaluated the potential of B12 as an adjuvant drug using blood cultures from COVID-19 patients. B12 normalized the expression of inflammatory genes and increased the sulfur amino acid pathway, which regulates methyl bioavailability. The downregulation of CCL3 by B12 was strongly correlated with hypermethylation of CpGs in its regulatory regions. Transcriptome analysis showed that B12 attenuates the effects of COVID-19 on inflammation-related pathways.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katrin Colleselli, Anna Stierschneider, Christoph Wiesner
Summary: While inflammation is crucial for human survival in response to infection and injury, prolonged inflammation can be fatal. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in initiating inflammatory processes, and TLR2, in particular, has been extensively studied and known to recognize a wide range of pathogens through heterodimerization. However, many unanswered questions still remain about the mechanisms of TLR2 in both health and disease. This review provides an up-to-date overview of TLR2, including its homo- and heterodimers, and discusses its pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and recent findings in infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
