Article
Agronomy
Prabhu Govindasamy, Debalin Sarangi, Tony Provin, Frank Hons, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
Summary: Changes in tillage practices can affect weed species composition and density in arable fields, with long-term no-tillage leading to higher weed densities and delayed emergence of certain species compared to conventional tillage. Despite the increase in weed density under no-tillage, diversity indices did not differ significantly between no-tillage and conventional tillage systems.
Article
Agronomy
Roman Waclawowicz, Magdalena Giemza, Elzbieta Pytlarz, Anna Wenda-Piesik
Summary: This study investigates the impact of long-term practices in regenerative agriculture on canopy weed infestation and spring barley architecture. The results show that simplified tillage can reduce weed infestation during the barley tillering stage but increases it during grain harvest. Plowing the cover crop does not effectively reduce weed presence, while increased nitrogen fertilization reduces the number of weeds without affecting their mass. Weed infestation is also influenced by meteorological conditions. Simplified tillage leads to reduced barley density, height, and leaf area index, but increases branching. The study emphasizes the importance of decision-making regarding weed control and highlights the potential of comprehensive methods to favor crop growth conditions while weakening weed infestation potential.
Article
Agronomy
Kestutis Romaneckas, Rasa Kimbirauskiene, Ausra Sinkeviciene, Iwona Jaskulska, Sidona Buragiene, Aida Adamaviciene, Egidijus Sarauskis
Summary: The study focused on different tillage methods for faba bean cultivations, finding that air temperature and precipitation during the vegetative season had a greater impact on weed numbers than the types of tillage systems. Reduced tillage intensity did not lead to changes in weed numbers, which were mainly influenced by the volume of forecrop residues.
Article
Plant Sciences
Amy M. Baetsen-Young, Grazieli Araldi Da Silva, Yuba R. Kandel, Janette L. Jacobs, Adam M. Byrne, Daren S. Mueller, Damon L. Smith, Albert U. Tenuta, Kiersten A. Wise, Brad Day, Martin Chilvers
Summary: The study investigated the quantitative colonization of Fusarium virguliforme in corn and soybean roots under different tillage and residue management practices. Results showed that tillage practices had inconsistent effects on F. virguliforme root colonization and sudden death syndrome foliar symptoms, while residue management did not alter root colonization of corn or soybean by F. virguliforme.
Article
Agronomy
Phitsanu Aekrathok, Patcharin Songsri, Nuntawoot Jongrungklang, Santimaitree Gonkhamdee
Summary: Weed control is a significant issue in sugarcane production in Thailand, with post-emergence herbicide application being the most popular method. However, improper use of herbicides can result in toxicity and lower yield components. Experiments with paraquat and ametryn showed that applying the correct rates at the tillering stage is essential for controlling different weed species.
Article
Environmental Studies
Jan Winkler, Jiri Dvorak, Jiri Hosa, Petra Martinez Barroso, Magdalena Daria Vaverkova
Summary: Limited tillage has various benefits, but its impact on weed community and biodiversity is still uncertain. A field experiment was conducted to compare conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and no-tillage technologies in the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. The results showed that tillage technologies had limited effects on weeding intensity, but significantly changed the species composition of weeds. No-tillage variant had higher biological relevance and allowed for a greater occurrence of weed-dependent species.
Article
Soil Science
Rafael Blanco-Sepulveda, Francisco Enriquez-Narvaez, Francisco Lima
Summary: The study found that different agricultural management systems had a significant impact on soil erosion rates, with the litter cover and soil disturbance being key factors. The management system had a decisive influence on the ground cover, and it is recommended to adopt a no-tillage system with a dense and well-distributed litter cover in the study area.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jiale Zhao, Xiaogeng Wang, Yun Lu, Yanpeng Wei, Mingzhuo Guo, Jun Fu
Summary: This study innovatively designed a biomimetic earthworm dynamic soil loosener through bionic design and theoretical calculation, which greatly improved soil temperature and moisture content, leading to significant enhancement of soybean emergence rate. The experimental results showed that the biomimetic earthworm dynamic soil loosener outperformed traditional rotary blades and notched disc harrows in constructing soil structure suitable for cold and arid regions, with notable increases in soil moisture content and soybean emergence rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Luana M. Simao, Dallas Peterson, Kraig L. Roozeboom, Charles W. Rice, Juan Du, Xiaomao Lin, Romulo P. Lollato
Summary: A long-term study showed that crop rotation combined with no-till cultivation has advantages in increasing grain yield, stability, and adaptability.
Article
Agronomy
Ruby Tiwari, Theresa A. Reinhardt Piskackova, Pratap Devkota, Michael J. Mulvaney, Jason A. Ferrell, Ramon G. Leon
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of summer crops on winter weed emergence patterns and Ethiopian mustard planting on summer weed emergence patterns. Gompertz models were used to analyze weed emergence patterns, showing that winter weed emergence can be described using growing degree-day accumulation. Additionally, summer weeds may emerge during winter but are unlikely to survive, potentially reducing the seedbank before the summer crop season.
Article
Agronomy
Adam Striegel, Amit J. Jhala
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of pre-emergence herbicides and herbicide-resistant soybean programs in the control of weeds, reduction of Palmer amaranth seed production, crop safety, and economic benefits. The results showed that the combination of pre-emergence herbicides and post-emergence herbicides provided high weed control and reduced the seed production of Palmer amaranth. The use of pre-emergence herbicides with multiple sites of action in herbicide-resistant soybean was supported, and glufosinate was found effective in controlling glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth.
Article
Agronomy
Pieter-Willem Hendriks, Saliya Gurusinghe, Peter R. Ryan, Gregory J. Rebetzke, Leslie A. Weston
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of increased early shoot vigour on the weed competitiveness of Australian wheats and found that enhancing wheat competitiveness through early vigour can significantly suppress weed growth.
Article
Soil Science
C. MacLaren, J. Labuschagne, P. A. Swanepoel
Summary: Reduced tillage practices are generally considered more sustainable than conventional tillage practices, but controlling weeds remains a challenge for many producers. Crop rotation is often recommended for weed management in reduced tillage systems, but uncertainties exist about how different tillage practices and crop rotations interact. Our study in South Africa's winter rainfall region found that different tillage practices did not significantly affect weed density in wheat monoculture. Both crop rotations generally had lower weed densities and reduced dominance of grass weeds compared to monoculture, but zero tillage with crop rotation showed similar weed seed bank densities to monoculture, suggesting an antagonistic relationship in this system. Producers seeking to reduce tillage in the region should opt for minimum tillage over zero tillage and avoid wheat monoculture, while weed researchers and agronomists should be cautious of potential antagonistic interactions between weed management practices in different systems.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bin Cheng, Li Wang, Ranjin Liu, Weibing Wang, Renwei Yu, Tao Zhou, Irshan Ahmad, Ali Raza, Shengjun Jiang, Mei Xu, Chunyan Liu, Liang Yu, Wenyan Wang, Shuzhong Jing, Weiguo Liu, Wenyu Yang
Summary: This study examines how shade-tolerant soybean reduces yield loss in the maize-soybean intercropping system by regulating its canopy structure and stem characteristics. It is found that shade-tolerant soybean changes its spatial structure of canopy and stem morphology and physiology to increase light energy capture and promote the development of the stem, ultimately reducing the yield loss of the intercropping system.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Elle J. Bowd, Lachlan McBurney, David P. Blair, David B. Lindenmayer
Summary: The study found that different disturbance histories significantly influence the patterns of emerging plant seedlings, with salvage-logged forests showing the most distinct differences in seedling composition and abundance. Seedling emergence peaks in the first three years post disturbance, with seedling numbers and plant species richness being significantly affected by stand age and disturbance history.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Pamela Carvalho-Moore, Jason K. Norsworthy, Fidel Gonzalez-Torralva, Jeong-In Hwang, Jinesh D. Patel, L. Tom Barber, Thomas R. Butts, J. Scott McElroy
Summary: This study identified glufosinate resistance in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas, USA. Gene amplification and increased expression of the chloroplastic glutamine synthetase enzyme were found to be the mechanisms conferring glufosinate resistance in this species.
Article
Agronomy
Grant L. Priess, Jason K. Norsworthy, Navdeep Godara, Andy Mauromoustakos, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Tom Barber
Summary: The research aimed to screen Palmer amaranth accessions from Arkansas for glufosinate resistance and evaluate the effectiveness of various herbicides from different sites of action on these accessions. The study found that all three accessions were resistant to glufosinate and showed variations in resistance to herbicides from different sites of action. This highlights the need for further research to characterize the response of these accessions, as they exhibited resistance to multiple herbicides.
Article
Agronomy
Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro, Nicholas E. Korres, Taghi Bararpour, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Jeremy Green, Jason K. Norsworthy
Summary: A 3-year field study was conducted to investigate the response of weed flora dominated by Palmer amaranth to different herbicide-based programs and crop rotation sequences. The results showed that a rotation sequence with corn followed by soybean and cotton, combined with a low-risk herbicide program involving 7 sites of action, effectively reduced the emergence of naturally occurring weeds.
Article
Agronomy
James W. Beesinger, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts
Summary: Environmental conditions during herbicide applications have a significant impact on rice injury and yield. The study examined the influence of planting date, rice cultivar, and herbicide concentration on rice injury. The findings suggest that rice injury is minimized when florpyrauxifen-benzyl is applied under high light intensity, low temperature, and soil saturation levels of 60% and 80%.
Article
Agronomy
Jake A. Patterson, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Edward E. Gbur
Summary: Benzobicyclon can effectively control weedy rice in rice, especially in quizalofop- and imidazolinone-resistant rice systems.
Article
Agronomy
Mason C. Castner, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate (KBo) as a volatility-reducing agent (VRA) for dicamba. The results showed that the addition of KBo reduced the volatility of dicamba, and the reduction was exponential with increasing KBo concentration. KBo was more effective than potassium acetate at reducing the volatility of a dicamba and glufosinate mixture. Overall, the addition of KBo to dicamba appears promising as a VRA compared with what is commercially available.
Article
Agronomy
Navdeep Godara, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Edward E. Gbur
Summary: This study evaluated the interaction between low rates of glyphosate or imazethapyr and sequential applications of quizalofop in causing injury to quizalofop-resistant rice. The results showed that glyphosate or imazethapyr followed by quizalofop applications worsened the injury compared to quizalofop applications alone.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas R. Butts, Bradley K. Fritz, K. Badou-Jeremie Kouame, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber, W. Jeremy Ross, Gus M. Lorenz, Benjamin C. Thrash, Nick R. Bateman, John J. Adamczyk
Summary: This study conducted a field spray drift experiment using florpyrauxifen-benzyl to measure drift from commercial ground and aerial applications, evaluate soybean impacts, and compare to United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) drift models. The results showed that aerial application had a 5.0- to 8.6-fold increase in drift compared to ground application, leading to a 1.7- to 3.6-fold increase in downwind soybean injury.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Tristen H. Avent, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Nicholas R. Bateman
Summary: Rice producers in the United States conducted trials to evaluate the tolerance of rice cultivars to microencapsulated acetochlor with a fenclorim seed treatment. The results showed that the fenclorim seed treatment reduced rice injury and increased plant height and shoot numbers when used with acetochlor. The treatment also provided comparable results to the nontreated control in terms of ground cover and rice yield.
Article
Agronomy
Navdeep Godara, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Edward E. Gbur
Summary: Research shows that quizalofop-resistant rice is sensitive to quizalofop under certain environmental conditions, which may cause significant injury. Early planting and saturated soil conditions lead to more severe damage. However, quizalofop application at the recommended rate has minimal impact on yield.
Article
Agronomy
Tristen H. Avent, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Nicholas R. Bateman
Summary: Many problematic weeds in mid-southern U.S. rice fields have developed resistance to herbicides, leading to a search for alternative solutions. Inhibitors of very-long chain fatty acid elongase (VLCFA) are not yet labeled for use in U.S. rice crops, but have shown promise in other row cropping systems and rice production in Asia.
Article
Agronomy
Maria Leticia Zaccaro-Gruener, Jason K. Norsworthy, Chad B. Brabham, L. Tom Barber, Trenton L. Roberts, Andy Mauromoustakos, Thomas C. Mueller
Summary: Damage to non-DR soybean has been observed in areas where DR soybean and cotton have been treated with dicamba herbicide. Field trials in Arkansas showed a strong correlation between dicamba concentration in the air and symptoms on non-DR soybean. Dicamba was frequently detected in air samples, indicating potential long-term damage to soybean and the need for further research on plant absorption and the impact of multiple exposures.
Article
Agronomy
Jake A. Patterson, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Edward E. Gbur
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of commonly grown rice cultivars to benzobicyclon. The results showed that application timing and rice growth stage influenced the tolerance to benzobicyclon. In general, four-leaf and tillering rice exhibited sufficient tolerance to benzobicyclon. It is not recommended to apply benzobicyclon on rice cultivars with a predominant indica-type genealogical background.
CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Agronomy
Amar S. Godar, Jason K. Norsworthy
Summary: This review focuses on the key biological characteristics of economically relevant Echinochloa in U.S. rice production, highlighting their historical trajectory and suggesting research directions for their management. The study finds that different Echinochloa species are associated with different rice culture methods, and their importance varies in different regions. The evolution of herbicide resistance has allowed Echinochloa species to persist in U.S. rice culture. Nonchemical methods have emerged as a sustainable management approach in recent years.
Article
Agronomy
Amar S. Godar, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber
Summary: Conventional corn can tolerate low rates of glyphosate drift. Usually, corn recovers from very low drift rates of glyphosate within three to five weeks after exposure. Corn plants become less sensitive to glyphosate drift at later vegetative growth. Corn response to glyphosate drift may vary depending on the weather conditions following the exposure.
CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT
(2023)