Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrey Bugaets, Boris Gartsman, Tatiana Gubareva, Sergei Lupakov, Andrey Kalugin, Vladimir Shamov, Leonid Gonchukov
Summary: This study compares the simulated streamflow composition of three well-known rainfall-runoff models (ECOMAG, HBV, SWAT) with the hydrograph decomposition evaluated using End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA). The study finds significant differences in the runoff sources dynamics between two neighboring catchments. ECOMAG is the most conformable to the EMMA outcome, HBV reflects flood events well, and SWAT exhibits distinctive behavior compared to other models. The results show that, in addition to the standard efficiency criteria of simulated and observed runoff proximity, EMMA analysis can provide useful auxiliary information for the validation of modeling results.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jaeyoung Song, Marios Kountouris
Summary: The study focuses on distributed machine learning at the wireless edge, aiming to minimize average completion time by optimizing the tradeoff between computation and communication. It provides upper and lower bounds for the number of edge devices needed, and establishes necessary conditions for adding these devices in different asymptotic regimes. Conducted experiments and numerical results support the claim that the number of edge devices should be carefully selected for timely distributed edge learning.
IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wen Wu, Wenya Yang, Weiyin Ma, Xiao-Diao Chen
Summary: This paper proposes two shadow detectors based on Transformer and self-training scheme to improve the generalization ability of segmentation models. By separating reliable and unreliable unlabeled samples and progressively using them for selective retraining, a trade-off between performance improvement and annotation cost is achieved.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ruoqi Deng, Boya Di, Hongliang Zhang, Linling Kuang, Lingyang Song
Summary: This paper investigates a terrestrial-satellite network based on ultra-dense LEO satellites and proposes a three-dimensional constellation optimization algorithm to reduce the number of satellites, with simulation results confirming its effectiveness. The study shows that the proposed LEO satellite constellation has a higher coverage ratio compared to the Telesat constellation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Surbhi Tak, So-Jeong Han, Yun-Kyung Lee, Jinwoo Cho, Jin Hur
Summary: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using end member mixing analysis (EMMA) to predict the environmental reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by testing two DOM sources (soil and algae) at varying mixing ratios. The results showed that all tested DOM reactivities followed ideal mixing behavior with linear relationships between source mixing ratios and tested reactivity with R2 value of >0.80. The ideal mixing behavior of DOM functions was more pronounced than that based on spectroscopic indicators derived from UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mikhail Y. Semenov, Natalya A. Onishchuk, Olga G. Netsvetaeva, Tamara V. Khodzher
Summary: This study aimed to identify PM sources and evaluate their contributions in the snowpack of three East Siberian cities. PM sources were identified using PMF and EMMA models, with Si, Fe, and Ca identified as tracers of different sources. Results from EMMA and PMF were largely consistent, with non-point sources being the main difference in identification methods.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Boting Qu, Linran Mao, Zhenzhou Xu, Jun Feng, Xin Wang
Summary: The study proposed a minimum fleet sizing method called Fleet Sizing for demand-aware Dynamic Ridesharing (FSDR) to accurately determine the fleet size for ridesharing enabled SAV system. By predicting travel demands, measuring demand utility, and maximizing demand utility, the study effectively reduced the vehicle fleet size.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Lea Pare Toe
Summary: Scientific research can have a positive impact on society, especially in health crises, but scientists must engage with end-users from the beginning of the research process to fully achieve this.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hongliang Zhang, Boya Di, Zhu Han, H. Vincent Poor, Lingyang Song
Summary: This letter investigates the fundamental relations between the number of reflective elements and the system sum-rate in RIS-assisted multi-user communications, deriving the asymptotic capacity with zero-forcing (ZF) precoding and analyzing the reflective element requirements to exceed a predefined threshold of the system sum-rate to capacity ratio. Numerical results confirm the analysis.
IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rongrong Xie, Ling Zhen, Xianzhong Wu, Jiabing Li
Summary: Identifying the mixing processes of waters and currents in tidal reach is essential for environmental management in protecting freshwater resources and preventing water pollution. This study conducted three field investigations using isotopes and salinity to differentiate water flows in a typical tidal reach. Results showed that delta D and delta 18O values decreased from August to November and significantly increased in April. The saltwater zone had higher values due to stronger evaporation. Based on the model, freshwater, transition zone, and saltwater had average contributions of 51.50%, 36.93%, and 11.57% respectively. Our research provides important insights for understanding isotopes in estuarine regions and their applications in environmental management.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Changqing Lu, Shreyasi Pathak, Gwenn Englebienne, Christin Seifert
Summary: Machine learning based sleep scoring methods aim to automate the process of annotating polysomnograms with sleep stages. However, most multi-channel multi-modal models in the literature showed little performance improvement compared to single-channel EEG models. In this paper, we investigate the specific features in single-channel EEG models that contribute to their high performance and analyze the extent to which multi-channel multi-modal models utilize information from different channels. Our findings suggest that incorporating advanced methods for aggregating channel information may improve sleep scoring performance for multi-channel multi-modal models.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geology
Michael Dietze, Philipp Schulte, Elisabeth Dietze
Summary: End-member modelling analysis (EMMA) is a statistical approach used to unmix multimodal grain-size distributions for identifying and quantifying sediment generation, transport, and deposition processes. Under ideal conditions, EMMA can model input end-members' grain-size distributions and their contributions to each sample with high R-2 values, but inappropriate model parameter settings may lead to a decline in quality. EMMA is reliable in detecting end-members, even with limited presence or contribution, with stable, high-quality results achievable with sufficient samples and grain-size classes.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Siqi Zhang, Yongguang Yin, Peijie Yang, Cong Yao, Shanyi Tian, Pei Lei, Tao Jiang, Dingyong Wang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of changes in DOM characteristics driven by end-member mixing on DOM biogeochemical reactivities. The results showed that the variations of DOM characteristics significantly affected its biogeochemical reactivities, but not all parameters and reactivities followed the conservative mixing behavior. Therefore, the effect of end-member mixing should be evaluated in the given reactivity instead of generalization.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Robert W. Fines, Micheal Stone, Kara L. Webster, Jason A. Leach, James M. Buttle, Monica B. Emelko, Adrian L. Collins
Summary: This study uses extensive hydrologic data from the Turkey Lakes Watershed to analyze the sources of stormflow in harvested and undisturbed headwater catchments. The results indicate that groundwater and wetlands are important contributors to stream flow, with wetland position having a larger impact than historical harvesting.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. Timothy Patterson, Nawaf A. Nasser, Eduard G. Reinhardt, Calder W. Patterson, Braden R. B. Gregory, Veronica Mazzella, Helen M. Roe, Jennifer M. Galloway
Summary: This study analyzed a core record from Harvey Lake to understand long-term trends in tropical cyclone recurrence and intensity. Through end-member mixing analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis, different climatic zones were identified, and the relationships between cyclones and rainfall events were revealed.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Melanie Hahn, Suzanne Robin Jacobs, Lutz Breuer, Mariana C. Rufino, David Windhorst
Summary: Ecohydrological processes in tropical rainforests are not well understood, with contradictory results in existing studies. Our research in a tropical montane forest in Kenya identified individual tree differences in water uptake but no consistent species-specific or small-scale spatiotemporal patterns, highlighting the importance of considering lateral variability of soil water isotopes for accurate modeling. Further research on water flux processes in forest ecosystems is needed to improve the validity and comparability of mixing model results.
Review
Water Resources
Giovanny M. Mosquera, Marin Franklin, Feyen Jan, Celleri Rolando, Breuer Lutz, Windhorst David, Crespo Patricio
Summary: The study reveals that standard laboratory methods using small sample volumes only partially mimic the water retention curve of Andosols, and significantly overestimate the water content at higher matric potentials.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
T. Houska, P. Kraft, F. U. Jehn, K. Bestian, D. Kraus, L. Breuer
Summary: The study combines single and multi-criteria model assessment approaches, revealing common mistakes in water quality and environmental model development and emphasizing the inclusion of diverse observational data for comprehensive model evaluation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Solomon Gebreyohannis Gebrehiwot, Lutz Breuer, Steve W. Lyon
Summary: This study assesses the impacts of forest cover changes on the storage-discharge relationships in three meso-scale watersheds in the highlands of Ethiopia. The analysis shows that as natural forest cover decreases, the recession slopes and total storages increase in the watersheds, while afforestation leads to faster drainage and reduction in storage. This work highlights the importance of considering storage-discharge relationships for evaluating the impacts of forest cover change on water resources in regions experiencing active and rapid land use change.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carlos Iniguez-Armijos, Maria Fernanda Tapia-Armijos, Frank Wilhelm, Lutz Breuer
Summary: The study highlights the lack of understanding of multiple stressors on urbanized Andean streams, where urbanization mostly impacts stream ecosystems through water-chemistry and physical-habitat stressors, with ecosystem functioning being more affected than structural attributes. It suggests that managers should focus on reducing important stressors rather than investigating complex stressor interactions, and that stream biomonitoring programs would benefit from a combination of structural and functional indicators in assessing anthropogenic effects.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Amit Kumar, Simon N. Gosling, Matthew F. Johnson, Matthew D. Jones, Jamal Zaherpour, Rohini Kumar, Guoyong Leng, Hannes Muller Schmied, Jenny Kupzig, Lutz Breuer, Naota Hanasaki, Qiuhong Tang, Sebastian Ostberg, Tobias Stacke, Yadu Pokhrel, Yoshihide Wada, Yoshimitsu Masaki
Summary: This study evaluated the simulations of hydrological droughts from nine catchment scale hydrological models (CHMs) and eight global scale hydrological models (GHMs) for eight large catchments. The results showed that the CHMs performed relatively better than the GHMs in simulating monthly runoff-deficits, but all the models had limited abilities to accurately simulate drought events.
ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian U. Jehn, Alejandro Chamorro, Tobias Houska, Lutz Breuer
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Florian U. Jehn, Luke Kemp, Ekaterina Ilin, Christoph Funk, Jason R. Wang, Lutz Breuer
Summary: This article focuses on the shifting emphasis on different global temperature increases in IPCC reports over time. The recent fifth and sixth assessment reports have shown a significantly stronger focus on warming below 2 degrees C, which is concerning as warming above 2 degrees C is more likely and has a greater impact on climate risk assessments.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paul L. Ohlert, Martin Bach, Lutz Breuer
Summary: This study evaluates the accuracy of inverse distance weighting (IDW) in designating nitrate vulnerable zones. Using a dataset of 5790 groundwater monitoring sites in Bavaria, the results show that IDW interpolation method has significant errors in determining areas with groundwater nitrate concentration above the threshold. The average absolute error of nitrate concentration is 7.0 mg NO3/l, and the number of measurement sites above 50 mg NO3/l is underestimated. These underestimations persist even when the interpolation is done separately for hydrogeological regions. Therefore, IDW method is not reliable for the designation of nitrate vulnerable zones.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
E. G. Wangari, R. M. Mwanake, D. Kraus, C. Werner, G. M. Gettel, R. Kiese, L. Breuer, K. Butterbach-Bahl, T. Houska
Summary: The study quantified the landscape soil greenhouse gas exchange within 6 km² in central Germany using fast-box chamber technique. Results showed that seasonality and land use had significant impacts on fluxes, while soil type and slope had minor effects. Additionally, more chamber measurement locations are needed to assess landscape-scale N2O fluxes compared to CO2 and CH4.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Zadoki Tabo, Chester Kalinda, Lutz Breuer, Christian Albrecht
Summary: Schistosomiasis is a deadly neglected tropical disease. A mathematical model is proposed to evaluate the impact of four strategies to control its spread. The results show that combining chemotherapy, awareness programs, snail and molluscicide removal, and considering temperature changes can effectively eradicate the disease. However, adapting strategies based on weather patterns and seasonal climates is necessary for successful control.
Article
Ecology
Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Gretchen Maria Gettel, Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Clarissa Glaser, Tobias Houska, Lutz Breuer, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ralf Kiese
Summary: Anthropogenic activities significantly increase GHG emissions in inland waters, with land use being more influential than seasonality. Agriculture-dominated catchments and streams with wastewater inflows have much higher and more variable emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O compared to forested streams. Nutrient, labile carbon, and dissolved GHG inputs from agricultural and settlement areas contribute to these hotspots and hot-moments of fluvial GHG emissions. The annual emissions from anthropogenic-influenced streams are up to 20 times higher than natural streams, primarily driven by CO2.
Article
Water Resources
Florian U. Jehn, Lutz Breuer, Philipp Kraft, Konrad Bestian, Tobias Houska
Summary: Hydrological theory often assumes an exponential relationship between storage and discharge. However, in reality, only a fraction of catchments exhibit this behavior, with most catchments showing complex and irregular patterns in their storage-discharge relationship.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Naomi Njue, Jan Graf, Bjorn Weeser, Mariana C. Rufino, Lutz Breuer, Suzanne R. Jacobs
Summary: This study evaluates the potential of using a citizen science approach to explore spatiotemporal turbidity and suspended sediment dynamics in the Sondu-Miriu river basin, western Kenya. The comparison between citizen-scientist collected data and measurements from automated stations showed high correlation, indicating that citizen scientists can provide comparable data. However, the precision of measurements of suspended sediment concentrations varied due to detection limitations and capturing events, with forest cover being identified as a key factor in controlling suspended sediment concentrations in the region. Future citizen science projects should focus on motivation strategies and application of robust methods for improved hydrological monitoring.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Amir Sahraei, Alejandro Chamorro, Philipp Kraft, Lutz Breuer
Summary: The study investigated the potential of using precipitation, soil moisture, and air temperature as input features to predict maximum event water fractions, and found that both Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms show promise in the field of hydrology. SVM outperformed ANN in predicting maximum event water fractions, capturing the dynamics of their changes more effectively.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2021)